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Biomedical subjects

A I Kanbour

Publications and source records attributed to A I Kanbour.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

A case-matched molecular comparison of extraovarian versus primary ovarian adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Extraovarian müllerian adenocarcinoma (EOM) resembles primary ovarian carcinoma (POC) both histologically and clinically, yet little is known regarding the molecular genetic characteristics of this entity. The objective of this study was to compare the expression of three molecular markers of tumor behavior in EOMs and POCs. METHODS: Forty-four patients meeting strict criteria for EOM were identified and matched to POC controls for age, stage, tumor histology and grade, cytoreductive surgery, and survival. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine overexpression of p53 and HER-2/neu. DNA content was evaluated by flow cytometry. Direct DNA sequencing of exons 5-8 of the p53 gene was performed in nine EOM tumors. Statistical comparisons were made using chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and Mantel-Cox log rank methods. RESULTS: Overexpression of HER-2/neu was demonstrated in 59% (26 of 44) of the EOM group versus 36% overexpression (16 of 44) in the POC controls (P = 0.05). Overexpression of p53 was noted in 48% of the EOM cases, similar to the 59% incidence observed in the control group (P = 0.29). Missense mutations were found in 9 of 9 EOM tumors showing strong p53 nuclear immunostaining. No significant difference in the incidence of aneuploidy was observed when EOM cases were compared with POC controls (65% vs. 63%). High tumor grade was strongly associated with HER-2/neu overexpression in the EOM group (P = 0.002). None of the parameters studied were predictive of prognosis within the EOM and POC groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although overexpression of p53 protein, p53 gene mutations, and abnormal DNA content were similar between EOMs and POCs, EOMs demonstrated almost twice the rate of HER-2/neu overexpression. This result suggests that distinct genetic events may be responsible for malignant transformation in EOMs versus POCs.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1997

Breast care consultation center: role of the pathologist in a multidisciplinary center.

The Breast Care Consultation Center (BCCC) is a multidisciplinary center providing, in a single setting, a complete outpatient facility for women who have been diagnosed with or suspected of having breast cancer. A team of specialists are available to provide comprehensive, diagnostic (radiologist, surgeon, and pathologist), therapeutic (surgeon, radiotherapist, and medical oncologist), and support options. The pathologist, as a member of the diagnostic team, evaluates the material obtained or received at the BCCC. These include fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) obtained on-site as well as previously prepared cytohistological specimens. The pathologist renders the diagnosis following examination of the material and consultation with the multidisciplinary team. Thus, this approach is conducive for appropriate and accurate diagnosis where all data are available. In addition, the pathologist discusses the findings of each patient in the multidisciplinary conference. One thousand four hundred eighteen patients were evaluated at Magee-Womens Hospital BCCC from February 1992 through December 1994, during which time 366 FNAs were performed. The accuracy for positive diagnosis was 100%. Six negative cases had cancer on histology; these were due to sampling error (the lesion was missed). A multidisciplinary team is ideal for the evaluation of breast lesions that are suspicious for malignancy as it provides one-stop shopping and same-day diagnosis and therapeutic decisions.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastatic ovarian carcinoma to the breast.

Metastatic ovarian carcinoma to the breast is rare. It represents a diagnostic challenge to the cytologist. It usually signifies a progressive widespread metastatic ovarian tumor with a poor prognosis. This report evaluates the breast fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytomorphologic features of six cases of metastatic ovarian carcinoma and compares them to those reported in the literature. The cytologic features included hypercellularity, abundant papillary fragments, and necrotic background. The tumor cells showed high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, anisonucleosis, prominent nucleoli, and psammoma bodies in cases of serous papillary carcinoma. In addition, the clear-cell carcinoma had prominent finely vacuolated and clear cytoplasm, multinucleated giant cells, and papillary fragments with hobnail nuclei. Recognition of these unusual patterns in a breast FNA cytology should raise the suspicion of a metastatic ovarian tumor. Direct comparison between the breast FNA cytology and the original primary ovarian tumor should confirm the diagnosis. The proper diagnosis of metastatic ovarian cancer to the breast will prevent unnecessary surgical treatment and ensure the appropriate therapy.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1996

Vaginal evisceration: presentation and management in postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: Vaginal evisceration is a rare event, often associated with previous vaginal surgery in postmenopausal women. To date, 57 cases have been described in the world literature since 1901. STUDY DESIGN: We report three cases of vaginal evisceration and review risk factors and management described in the current literature. RESULTS: Of 60 reported cases of vaginal evisceration, 41 occurred in postmenopausal women. A common triad of previous vaginal surgery (73 percent), postmenopausal status (68 percent), and the presence of an enterocele (63 percent) was identified. Histopathologic evaluation of one case revealed a chronic vaginal-peritoneal fistula, and immunohistochemistry highlighted migration of squamous cells to multiple peritoneal serosal surfaces. This finding emphasizes the chronic nature of factors that predispose to the acute evisceration of abdominal contents. Most eviscerations were managed by primary repair of the vaginal disruption and the accompanying disorder of the pelvic floor, after assessing the viability of the prolapsed bowel and resecting any compromised segments. However, most surgeons agreed that delayed vaginal repair was preferable if the vaginal tissues appeared acutely inflamed or nonviable. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal evisceration is primarily seen with obstetrical or postcoital trauma, but in postmenopausal women it is most often associated with a history of vaginal surgery and a pelvic support disorder. Hypoestrogenism, atrophy, and devascularization from previous surgery seem to play a significant role. Management is directed toward resecting any compromised bowel, repairing the vaginal defect, and correcting the contributing defect in the pelvic floor.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Detection of human papillomavirus in cervical swab samples by ViraPap and in cervical biopsy specimens by in situ hybridization.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in cervical swab specimens by ViraPap and in cervical biopsies by the ViraType in situ hybridization assay was correlated with concurrent cytologic and histologic findings in 149 patients. Seven percent of patients with normal samples were positive for HPV DNA, compared with 29% and 69% of patients with low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), respectively. The performance of both assays increased the rate of HPV detection in low-grade lesions but not in high-grade cases. ViraPap was more sensitive than the ViraType in situ hybridization assay in high-grade lesions. The present investigation suggests that HPV DNA detection may be useful in separating confirmed lesions from histologically questionable biopsies.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising in an ovarian mature cystic teratoma: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies.

The occurrence of a malignant neuroectodermal tumor in a mature cystic teratoma is extremely rare. Five cases of ovarian primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) or neuroepitheliomas have been reported. In two, the tumor was adjacent to foci of a mature teratomatous element. We present the immunohistochemical profile and electron microscopic study of an ovarian mature cystic teratoma with PNET or malignant neuroepithelioma. The transition between the mature neural elements and the malignant PNET presents a model for monodermic neuroepithelial differentiation and explains the histogenesis of this unusual tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Peritoneal cytology in malignant mixed müllerian tumors of the uterus.

Peritoneal cytologic studies (10 ascitic fluids, 18 peritoneal washings) were performed on 28 patients with malignant mixed müllerian tumors of the uterus. The frequency of recovery of malignant cells from the peritoneal cavity was directly related to stage of disease and depth of myometrial invasion. In stage I, positive peritoneal cytology was of greater prognostic importance than depth of invasion: all patients with negative cytology are alive without evidence of disease; all patients with positive cytology are dead.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Repetitive idiopathic fetal hydrops.

Two cases of repetitive idiopathic fetal hydrops are reported, the second and third cases found in the literature. A normal pregnancy occurred in 1 of the patients following 2 successive pregnancies with fetal hydrops. Findings as well as diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are discussed.

Edema↗
PubMed1979

Tumor-simulating retrorectal heterotopia of bone marrow.

A retrorectal tumor-simulating mass of extramedullary hematopoiesis was discovered during work-up for uterine bleeding in a 40-year-old woman. It was excised in toto. The only hematologic abnormality at the time was iron deficiency, which was corrected. Six years later the patient is free of recurrence or any hematologic abnormality. It is suggested that this case represents heterotopic marrow arising either as a remnant of embryonic hematopoiesis or from activated primitive cells retaining the embryonic potentiality of hematopoiesis. The difficult diagnostic problems, pathogenesis and treatment are discussed, and the importance of recognizing the trilineage of hematopoiesis using Wright's-stained imprints of the mass is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Diffuse vaginal adenosis associated with imperforate hymen.

A case of imperforate hymen associated with adenosis of the proximal surface of the obstructing membrane and of the vaginal wall is reported. The histogenesis of vaginal adenosis coexisting with congenital obstructive lesions is discussed, and the importance of careful follow-up of the patients with this type of anomaly is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Massive ovarian edema: a nonneoplastic pelvic mass of young women.

Two cases of massive ovarian edema are reported in addition to the eight previous cases published in the English literature. The predominance of the right-sided involvement and the histopathological characteristics of this lesion support the hypothesis that the basic pathogenetic mechanism is an impairment of the venous and lymphatic drainage of the ovary, triggered by recurrent partial torsion of the mesovarium. This nonneoplastic lesion should be recognized as a distinct entity in ovarian disease and treated conservatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Anencephaly and heterotopic central nervous tissue in lungs.

Heterotopic nodules of moderately well-differentiated central nervous tissue were seen in the lung of a full-term anencephalic baby who survived a few hours after birth. The pathogenesis of this rare condition remains obscure. None of the three hypotheses previously offered to explain this condition can be accepted or rejected on the basis of the recorded evidence.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1978

Early vulvar carcinoma.

Fifty-eight cases of early vulvar neoplasia were reviewed from the Tumor Registry at Magee-Womens Hospital, between 1947 and 1976. Twenty-three cases were carcinoma in situ; 16 were microinvasive, and 19 were occult carcinoma. All of the cases were treated surgically. The modality of surgical treatment varied from local excision to radical vulvectomy with inguinal lymph node dissection. Regardless of the surgical therapy, none of the patients died of the vulvar malignancy. It is recommended, as part of routine gynecologic surveillance, that more critical attention be given to examination for early epithelial neoplastic lesions of the vulva. This can be accomplished by simple inspection and the use of special diagnostic aids. Biopsy specimens should be reviewed histologically for depth of invasion and the treatment individualized to the patient with considerations for conservatism, especially in younger women.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Granulocytic sarcoma of the uterus.

The presenting features of vaginal bleeding and abnormal cytologic smears in a elderly patient with simultaneously occurring acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), were due to massive infiltration of the uterine cervix and endometrium by immature myeloid elements or granulocytic sarcoma. The abnormal cytologic smears and uterine mass were initially believed to represent a poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. The diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma was confirmed with the naphthol AS-D chloroacetate stain that demonstrated activity in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1978

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the endometrium and fallopian tube as superficial extension of invasive cervical carcinoma.

Five cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix associated with widespread squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the endometrial surface are reported. In one case, carcinoma in situ was also found in one fallopian tube in continuity with the cervicoendometrial lesion. A survey of the literature reveals only 20 cases with similar surface endometrial involvement by cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Of these, the fallopian tubes were involved by an identical lesion in six cases only. Pyometra and cervical stenosis were reported in about 66% of the cases. This rare form of upward cervical cancer extension was present in five of 680 cases (0.7%) of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in the file of the Tumor Registry of Magee-Womens Hospital.

Adult↗