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Biomedical subjects

A I Karseladze

Publications and source records attributed to A I Karseladze.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Downregulation of genes encoding for subunits of adaptor complex-3 in cervical carcinomas.

We explored the expression of four genes encoding for subunits of AP-3 in cervical tumors and cancer cell lines. Using RT-PCR we demonstrated more than twofold decrease in the levels of mRNA of AP3D1, AP3B1, AP3M1, and AP3S1 in 32, 28, 23, and 26% tumors in comparison with normal tissues of uterine cervix, respectively. The level of mRNA of at least one subunit was decreased in 28 out of 47 (60%) of tumors and in four out of five cancer cell lines in comparison to tissues adjacent to tumors. The suppression of expression of any of the subunits was revealed in 15 out of 28 cases (54%). The expression of two and more subunits was decreased simultaneously in different combinations in 13 cases (46%). This fact testifies to the lack of a common mechanism of downregulation of four subunits in tumors. There is a tendency to more frequent suppression of AP-3A expression in tumors associated with lymphatic node metastases as compared with tumors without metastases (P = 0.034). Thus, here we demonstrate for the first time the decrease in expression of genes encoding for AP-3A subunits in tumors.

Adaptor Protein Complex 3↗
PubMed2005

Serous borderline ovarian tumors: where are we now?

In the present article we report the revised microscopical features of serous borderline ovarian tumors (S-BOTs) in the context of a long personal experience, drawing parallels with the definitions and issues elaborated at the Borderline Ovarian Tumor Workshop held in August 2003 in Bethesda. In our opinion none of the histopathologic criteria of the primary tumor including micropapillary subtype of the S-BOT can be used yet as a prognostic marker. The most realistic assumption is that in the clinical course of the S-BOT dynamic transformation of different clones occurs and the process develops simultaneously with multicentric blastomogenesis in the peritoneal cavity. Hence the failure of our efforts to forecast the prognosis of the disease using the microscopical structure of the primary tumor as a point of issue. It is indispensable to control the course of the S-BOTs by performing repeated biopsies at each relapse and modify the treatment schedules according to the microscopic patterns revealed at a given stage of the disease. Relapses of the S-BOTS may occur up to 50 years later so the patient should be under surveillance especially by a urologist to detect the earliest symptoms of urinary tract obstruction. Much more attention should be paid to the local intraabdominal administration of drugs and the search for new systemic chemotherapy regimens.

Cysts↗
PubMed2001

On the site of origin of epithelial tumors of the ovary.

Ovaries removed at 1,050 autopsies (accidental deaths) and from 300 patients with various benign gynaecological diseases were studied in search of the incipient benign epithelial tumors. One percent of the ovaries contained incipient mucinous tumors, 1.1%--Brenner tumors, 0.5%--endometrioid tumors. The exact percentage of the serous tumors was difficult to establish because of the absence of morphological criteria that distinguish these tumors from tumor-like conditions (inclusion cysts). The mucinous and Brenner tumors, as well as some serous tumors were located deep in the medullary or hilar regions of the ovary and were not connected to the covering of the ovary. The theory of incessant ovulation that links ovulatory damage of the ovarian surface with the initiation of neoplastic growth does not explain the genesis of all epithelial tumors. It is more likely that the latter two types arise in other parts of the female gonad. The process of morphogenesis of epithelial benign tumors is closely related to stromal alterations, specific for each histogenetic entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) of the uterus are very rare. Even preoperative curettage specimen morphology does not permit establishing a proper histogenetic diagnosis. CASE: A 16-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of metrorrhagia of three months' duration. The curettage specimen was interpreted as poorly differentiated sarcoma. The patient was operated on, and a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with omentectomy was performed. Histologically the tumor was composed of uniform, rounded, oval and sometimes spindle shaped cells with a narrow rim of eosinophilic cytoplasm. The cells were positive for neurogenic marker protein gene product, neuron-specific enolase and Ewing's sarcoma-related HBA-71. All cells were uniformly negative for Ber EP4 monoclonal antibody recognizing an epithelium-specific surface antigen. A diagnosis of PNET was rendered. The patient received combined therapy, external radiation to the pelvis and chemotherapy. Four years later she was alive, without signs of recurrent tumor. CONCLUSION: In spite of the generally recognized aggressive behavior of PNET, it can have a long disease-free survival rate when appropriately treated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the uterus.

A 56-year-old menopausal woman was admitted to hospital because of vaginal spotting of several months duration. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy. On divalving, the uterus showed an ulcerated nodule 8 cm in diameter, protruding into the uterine cavity from the posterior wall. Histologically the tumor had a typical morphology of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Multinucleated giant cells were strongly positive for CD 68 alpha antichymotripsin and alpha antitrypsin. Mononuclear cells also showed the same immunohistochemical pattern though less intensive than the giant cells. The cells were uniformly negative for S-100 protein, myoD1, myogenin desmin and actin. Electron microscopical investigation disclosed ultrastructural features compatible with the histiocytic nature of the tumor. Thirty-three months later the patient was free of disease.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1998

[Surgical treatment of patients with borderline serous tumors of the ovary].

The paper deals with the data on treatment of 63 patients with serous borderline tumors of the ovary (SBTO). Mean age was 40.2 years. The study included 30 patients (47.6%) with stage IA tumor, 15 (23.8%)--IB, 4 (6.3%)--II and 14 (22.2%)--stage III. Relapse frequency was 14.3%, irrespective of stage and method of therapy. Surgery was given to 18 patients (28.6%), combined therapy--by 45 (71.4%). Recurrent tumor was recorded after surgery in 2 (3.2%) and in 7 (14.8%) after combined therapy. Generally, surgery is the main treatment received by patients with SBTO. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not followed by decrease in relapse rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Peritoneal strumosis.

A rare case of peritoneal strumosis is described. A 49-year-old woman was operated on because of a uterine leiomyoma. Laparotomy disclosed a left sided ovarian mass and multiple implants in the omentum. Microscopic examination revealed a benign ovarian struma with omental spread. There were no signs of a thyroid neoplasm. 32 months later and after three courses of chemotherapy, the patient was free of the disease. Although the nature of this lesion is equivocal, one cannot exclude maturation of a highly differentiated follicular cancer which could have arisen in the ovarian struma.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[Polymer-drug complexes in the treatment of extensive ovarian cancer].

The paper presents the results of intracavitary chemotherapy with deposited cytostatics of advanced ovarian cancer as well experimental, morphological, biochemical and pharmacological data. Intraabdominal introduction of microspheres filled with cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin can be a variant of drug therapy in multimodality treatment of ovarian cancer. Combination of intracavitary chemotherapy with a systemic one has the advantage of local and regional effect which is not inhibited by mediated action of the deposited cytostatics via the systemic blood flow. The method is indicated in residual tumor dissemination after cytoreductive surgery and ovarian cancer with ascites.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Ovarian endometriosis].

Study of 52 patients with ovarian endometriosis supports the point of view about the relative autonomy of ovarian endometriosis from the cyclic hormonal alterations in female organism. In the foci of endometriosis the signs of differentiation of the epithelium by both tubal and endocervical types are revealed. This enables one to admit the possibility of ovarian serous and mucinous carcinoma development from the foci of endometriosis. Marked dysplastic changes, up to the focal carcinoma, are revealed but there were no signs of invasion. In the genesis of endometrioid carcinoma the great importance is attributed to the step-like process: endometriosis----borderline endometrioid tumour----endometrioid cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Morphology of borderline mucinous ovarian tumors].

The examination of structures of the tumor tissues taken from 47 patients with borderline mucinous tumours of the ovary showed that the tumors belonging to this group, like their serous analogues, were an indistinctly limited nosological entity that characterizes a particular stage in the malignant transformation of the epithelium as evidenced by a wide range of structures that are interchangable from mucinous adenofibroma to mucinous carcinoma. Death may result from pseudomyxoma or dissemination that follows the pattern seen in cancer. The latter generally stems from small-sized areas of occult cancer which are detectable from a retrospective analysis of the material available. Intraoperative laceration of the tumor makes no contribution to the occurrence of peritoneal pseudomyxoma. The results of the histochemical study into the mucosa indicated that the tumor cells were heterogeneous in mucosaccharides. The cells which were completely free from acid fractions in the presence of neutral mucins were identified. Disregarding the features indicated, one can reasonably reject the fact that the neoplasm is of mucinous character as judged from alcian blue-stained specimens.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1989

[Morphology of serous borderline ovarian tumors].

The paper provides the results of the examination of ovarian serous borderline tumors in 68 patients followed up during different periods (up to 22 years) after surgery. More valuable information on the course and prognosis of the disease will be provided by taking into account both the process stages and structural features of extra-ovarian implants rather than by detecting the foci of initial invasive growth in the primary tumor. Among 4 peritoneal neoplasia types defined by the author, the desmoplastic reaction occurring around the tubal type tumor cells in particular, should be regarded as the most unfavourable type. The author believes that the serous borderline tumor of the ovary is not a separate nosological entity but a step in progressive malignant transformation of mesothelial tubal epithelium similar to definition of well differentiated carcinoma given by the traditional classification.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Mucus formation in epithelial derivations of Müller's canal as exemplified by mucinous cancer of the endometrium].

Analysis of the structural features of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and of a large reference group including the hyperplastic and neoplastic processes in the endometrium, specimens of human embryos and fetuses, enabled the authors to come to a conclusion that mucus production and deposition in the endometrial cell cytoplasm is embryogenetically predetermined, though it is restricted in health. During a pathological hyperplasia and malignant degeneration the capacity of such production may recover and induce the formation of the foci of endocervical metaplasia as well as a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. The existence of this nosological entity may serve as an argument in favour of the ovarian mucinous tumors origination from the epithelium of the Mullerian canal.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[Barrett's esophagus and cancer of the cardial section of the stomach].

Morphological characteristics of Barrett's oesophagus were specified in 17 patients with cancer located in the cardiac orifice of the stomach. It was found that Barrett's oesophagus patients comprise 6.7% of all the authors' observations with relevant cancer diagnosis. The oesophagus appeared different in mucosal pattern, cells of the coat, glands, the degree of glandular epithelial dysplasia. Barrett's oesophagus is suggested to play a role in the genesis of cardiac gastric cancer whose malignant potential is the highest when oesophageal glands are cardiac. Applicability of the findings in general and in particular in clinical practice for deciding on the level of oesophageal resection in patients with cardiac gastric cancer is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗