Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A I Novikov.
Application of ioddicerynum while performance of an urgent operative intervention in 63 patients with an acute appendicitis, perforated gastroduodenal ulcer and an old postoperative abscess of anterior abdominal wall had permitted to lower the occurrence frequency for postoperative purulent complications by two times.
Basing on retrospective analysis of the cases records of 254 patients, suffering an acute gastroduodenal hemorrhage of ulcerative genesis, operated on in the clinic, the group of high degree risk was delineated for occurrence of inflammatory-purulent complications. This have permitted to prognosticate the complications occurrence and to suggest the ways of their prophylaxis. High efficacy of perftoran in the postoperative infusional-transfusional therapy complex was established.
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Biopsy specimens of the bone were examined and then subjected to morphometry in 49 patients with terminal renal failure. 43 patients were on chronic hemodialysis and 6 had undergone renal transplantation. Histomorphometry permitted calculating the relative area of the bone girdles in the preparation (in %), the relative resorption area (in %), and the osteocyte count per mm2 bone girdle. It is concluded that if the area of the bone girdle in the preparation is less than 23.8%, the patient on hemodialysis may be diagnosed as having dialysis osteomalacia. The reduction of the relative reabsorption area in patients with dialysis osteomalacia is insignificant and can be used as an auxiliary sign in differential diagnosis of renal osteopathies in patients on dialysis.
Deposition of amorphous calcium salts in muscle tissue is not only of pathogenic but also of compensatory adaptive character. This occurs in response to bone exclusion from the system of regulation of calcium homeostasis (aluminum or severe uremic intoxication). Apparently, amorphous depositions of calcium salts may buffer fluctuations in ion concentration. Their accumulation is a marker of the weakening of the cellular mechanisms and enhancement of the physicochemical ones by which calcium homeostasis is maintained.
The authors describe a new method of operative intervention with cutting a flap out of the urinary bladder wall. The urinary bladder is anastomosed with the ureter with the help of nodular microsurgical sutures put from the outside, the antireflux protection being realized distal to the zone of anastomosis by the formation of two urinary bladder flaps and their suture "cross by cross" in front of and behind the base of the created urinary bladder tube. Experimental and clinical materials showing the effectiveness of the proposed treatment are described.
Five groups of outbred white male rats were given N-nitrososarcosin ethyl ester (NSEE) i.g. for 4 or 6 months at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg of body wt. 5 days/week. Some groups of animals were given a 3% water solution of acetic acid or a 40% solution of ethanol i.g. for 8 months from the beginning of the experiment. The remaining groups of these rats received controlled local thermal burn injury of the esophageal mucosa 15 days before the beginning of the experiment. Acetic acid solution increased the multiplicity of benign and malignant tumors as well as carcinoma incidence in the esophagus. Ethanol in combination with NSEE did not influence carcinogenesis in the esophagus but increased the incidence of leukokeratosis and the multiplicity of forestomach papillomas. In rats treated with NSEE after thermal burn injury, a significant increase in the frequency and multiplicity of papillomas was found in the burn zone.
Administration of N-nitrososarcosine ethyl ether (50 mg/kg, per os, every day during 4 months) to rats induced after 8 months multiple tumours (most often papillomas) of oesophagus and forestomach. Total incidence of tumour-bearing animals was 42.4% in oesophagus and 21.2% in forestomach, distribution of tumours being 85.6 and 14.4%, respectively. The combined administration of carcinogen with 40% water solution of ethanol (0.5 ml, per os, every day during 8 months) did not change general incidence and multiplicity of all tumours, but decreased the relative incidence of oesophagus tumours and increased that of forestomach tumours. Possible mechanisms of organotropism shifts are discussed.
The study was concerned with the effect of electro-thermocoagulation burn of the rat gullet on carcinogenesis induced by esophagotropic carcinogen--ethyl ester of N-nitrososarcosine (50 mg/kg, five times a week, four months). Treatment was started on day 15 postburn, and at 8 months tumors of the esophagus occurred in 71.8% including tumors in the burn area (46.8%). Forestomach neoplasms were observed in 15.6%. Animals treated with the carcinogen alone showed a significant decrease in both overall frequency of esophageal tumors (42.4%) and that for the burn area (18.1%) while frequency of forestomach neoplasia remained nearly the same (21.2%). Most tumors were benign papillomas. It was concluded that burn--induced cicatricial changes in the esophageal mucosa predispose to development and growth of tumors of this site.
During osteomalacia in patients with terminal renal failure, the coefficient of diphosphonate elimination from the blood bed (K1) was less than 0.1 min-1, which was determined by the rise of the concentration of uremic toxins, inhibiting interaction of the radiopharmaceutical with the bone, in the patients' tissues. Dynamic scintigraphy permits one to study the pharmacokinetics of diphosphonate in every patient and thus can be used for differential diagnosis between osteomalacia and other forms of renal osteodystrophy.
In the diagnosis of osteomalacia in patients with terminal renal insufficiency after the method of dynamic scintigraphy with diphosphonate major emphasis should be placed on the coefficient of RP blood elimination (C1). The disease should be diagnosed in C1 below 0.1 min.-1. A relative increase in the coefficient of cumulative RP in the bones (C2) as compared to C1 (greater than 2-fold) should be regarded an accessory sign in the diagnosis of osteomalacia.
The probe--mediated intragastric injection of 50 mg/kg ethyl ether of N-nitrososarcosine (EENS) 5 times a week for 6 months was followed by the development of multiple tumors in 91.8% of 120 noninbred male rats supplied by a local animal farm: esophagus--85.7%, fore-stomach--73.4% and throat--22.4%. The lesions in the esophagus and the fore-stomach entry were similarly frequent (61.2-75.5%) which was matched by a much lower incidence rate (22.4%) for the remaining parts of the fore-stomach. The combined intragastric injection of 3% acetic acid (0.5 ml thrice a week) for 8 months and EENS for 6 months boosted the total frequency of neoplasms to 100% and resulted in increased multiplicity of tumor--from 9.8--10.7 for EENS alone to 14.5 for EENS + acetic acid. Most lesions occurred in the fore-stomach entry as far as the level of tumor (squamous cell carcinoma and papilloma) development, frequency and relative risk (number of tumors. v. actual number of animals) are concerned. A long--term treatment with 3% acetic acid alone was followed by chronic inflammation of the esophageal mucosa rather than tumor development.
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The article presents results of examinations of 70 patients with congenital heart diseases with phenomena of secondary septic endocarditis subjected to the intravenous irradiation by quantum generators by the method described. A considerable positive effect of the intravenous laser irradiation on the development of septic endocarditis was confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings. The immunological examination of 8 patients from this group has revealed an immunostimulating effect of the intravenous laser irradiation: elevated concentration of immunoglobulins in blood, increased amount of immune-competent cells. A conclusion is made that the intravenous laser irradiation is an effective method of correction of the immune deficient states in congenital heart diseases.
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Different forms of dysentery, especially those caused by Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri, have been found to differ considerably in their cyclic recurrence. The development cycles of the epidemic processes of dysentery have an objective character, occur in the presence of any tendencies in the morbidity rate, and depend on the natural factors. Thus, the cycles of increase and decrease in morbidity are 3, 6, 9, 12 years for dysentery caused by Sh. sonnei and 6, 7, 8 years for dysentery caused by Sh. flexneri.
By means of light and electron microscopy methods during embryonal and postembryonal periods in birds (Gallus domesticus L.) myocardial reparative processes have been studied after its lesions produced with electrothermocoagulation. Primary closing of the wound in the cardiac wall of 3- and 5-day-old chick embryos is connected with certain reactive changes in epicardium and endocardium. In 7-10 days the cardiac wall completely restores its integrity by an intensive growth and development of intact cardiac areas. A weak development of the myocardial connective tissue stroma contributes to it. Reparative processes in the cardiac wall of 18-day-old chick embryos and in newly hatched chickens proceed with an active participation of the connective tissue, which subsequently forms a scar at the place of the lesion. Isolated redifferentiating cardiomyocytes surrounded with the connective tissue are subjected to atrophy on the 45th-60th day.