[Correlative relationship between rate of oxygen consumption, body temperature and activities of key antioxidant enzymes in liver of Mus Musculus].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A Ia Litoshenko
Publications and source records attributed to A Ia Litoshenko.
[Effect of emotional-pain stress on RNA and protein synthesis in rats of different age].
The intensity of RNA and protein biosynthesis is studied in different tissues as well as in active and low-active fractions of liver chromatin, when adult and old rats are subjected to emotional-painful stress during 3 days. Significant stimulation of RNA and protein biosynthesis in chromatin fractions in liver and total RNA and protein in adrenals and hypothalamus is observed.
Age Factors↗
[Changes in protein, lipid composition, DNA- and RNA- polymerase activity of the chromatin fraction and the nuclear matrix of the rat liver in hypovitaminosis E].
E-hypovitaminosis-induced antioxidant deficiency in rats causes changes in some properties of nuclear structures of the liver cells, i.e. fractions of transcriptionally active and repressed chromatin and nuclear matrix. Changes are found in the protein spectrum of the fraction of transcriptionally active chromatin and nuclear matrix. Lipids of transcriptionally active and repressed chromatin fractions may be peroxidated when this process is stimulated in the NADPH- and ascorbate-dependent systems. In antioxidant deficiency these processes are intensified in the fractions of repressed chromatin. E-hypovitaminosis leads to changes in the fatty acid spectrum of chromatin fractions which correlated with the shifts in the process of lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant deficiency produces changes in the activities of endogenous DNA- and RNA-polymerases in chromatin fractions and in the nuclear matrix. In the fraction of the transcriptionally active liver chromatin of E-deficient animals the endogenous total DNA-polymerase activity and the activity of DNA-polymerases alpha and beta decrease, while in the fractions of repressed chromatin the total RNA-polymerase activity increases. In E-hypovitaminosis the endogenous DNA- and RNA-polymerase activities in the nuclear matrix decrease. Addition of alpha-tocopherol to the preparations of the isolated nuclear matrix results in an increase of the DNA- and RNA-polymerase activities which is more vivid in preparations made of the E-hypovitaminous animal liver.
Animals↗
[Lipid peroxidation and parameters of thermodenaturation of chromatin fractions in the rat liver].
The fractions of transcriptionally active and repressed chromatin of the rat liver include lipids, whose fatty acid residues are the substrates of lipid peroxidation (LP) processes. In vitro incubation in NADPH- and ascorbate-dependent LP systems resulted in the activation of peroxidation in the liver chromatin of intact animals, estimated from malonic dialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, the LP processes proceeding more intensely in the fractions of transcriptionally active vs. repressed chromatin. This correlates with the content of LP substrates in these fractions. Single administration of tetrachloromethane stimulated LP (estimated from the content of diene conjugates) in the fraction of transcriptionally active chromatin. The intensity of MDA accumulation increased in the repressed chromatin fraction of animals with stimulated LP vs. the control. In animals with stimulated LP the changes in the thermodenaturation parameters of chromatin fractions were observed, being more expressed in the transcriptionally active fraction. In view of the temporal coincidence of the LP intensification in chromatin and of its structural-functional reconstruction, the alteration of intensity of LP processes in chromatin may be considered as a factor of regulation of functional activity of the genome.
Animals↗
[Functional activity of fractionated chromatin from rat liver upon a single administration of carbon tetrachloride].
Functions of rat liver cell genome were distinctly altered after a single administration of tetrachloromethane into animals. Maximal alterations in the structure-functional properties of chromatin were detected within 2 hrs after intoxication. The phenomenon was accompanied by the following shifts in the chromatin active fractions: activation of DNA- and RNA polymerases, decrease in content of this fraction, increase in the ratio protein/DNA due to elevation in the protein component with molecular mass 65 kDa detected in the nonhistone fraction of electrophoretogram. Alterations in the repressed chromatin fraction were less distinct. Many parameters of the chromatin fractions were normalized within 24 hrs after the intoxication. Peroxidation of lipids contained in chromatin occurred via NADPH-and ascorbate-dependent reactions, the rate of which was distinctly higher in the repressed chromatin fraction of liver cells from the animals intoxicated within 24 hrs. These alterations in the structure-functional properties of liver chromatin fractions, developed after a single administration of tetrachloromethane into animals, were related neither to the rate of lipid peroxidation in chromatin, stimulated by tetrachloromethane, nor to alterations in Ca2+ and Mg2+ content in nuclear fraction. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of chromatin proteins appears to be rather responsible for chemical impairments of hepatocyte membranes stimulated by tetrachloromethane.
Animals↗
[Age-dependent changes in the DNA-polymerase activity of nuclei and mitochondria of the regenerating rat liver].
The DNA polymerase activity in nuclei and mitochondria of adult and old rat liver was determined. No age-dependent changes in the DNA polymerase activity have been found in the intact rat liver. On the contrary, after partial hepatectomy the DNA polymerase activity was higher in nuclei of the adult rat liver and in mitochondria of the old one. These peculiarities of the DNA polymerase activity with ageing may depend on changes in molecular properties of DNA polymerases, their synthesis and intracellular concentration.
Aging↗
[Distribution of H3-hydrocortisone in subcellular fractions of the liver of rats of different ages].
The paper is concerned with the results of a study of the distribution of /3H/-hydrocortisone in hepatocytic organellae of adult and old rats. In subcellular fractions /3H/-hydrocortisone was distributed inhomogeneously: the greatest number of tracers was detected in the cytosol, less in microsomes, mitochondria, nuclei. Age differences are absent. Intranuclear distribution of the hormone is the following: low activity chromatin greater than active chromatin greater than heterogeneous sediment (including the matrix and nuclear membrane). In mitochondria the least number of tracers was detected in inner membrane, and in outer membrane and matrix the distribution was almost the same. The determination of specific radioactivity of /3H/-hydrocortisone permitted the detection of an increase in this index in low activity chromatin and a decrease in mitochondrial inner membranes and matrix.
Age Factors↗
[Synthesis of mitochondrial proteins coded in the nucleus and mitochondria of the intact and regenerating liver of rats of various ages].
Rate of protein synthesis of rat liver tissue was decreased with ageing in mitochondria but not in nuclear fraction. Stimulation of the mitochondrial ionogenesis by means of partial hepatectomy made the effects of age more distinct. The rate of protein synthesis in mitochondria was distinctly higher in adult rats as compared with the old animals. Electrophoretic separation of labelled products of mitochondrial translation enabled to find more than 20 individual polypeptides and showed that the age-dependent decrease in the synthesis rate was dissimilar for various proteins.
Aging↗
[Age peculiarities of the adenosine phosphate content in the regenerating rat liver].
The effect of partial hepatectomy on the content of adenosine phosphates was studied in the regenerating rat liver of adult and old rats of the maximal replication activity peculiar to each age group. It is shown that the content of ATP and total adenosine phosphates was smaller in the intact liver of old rats, than in that of adult rats. Partial hepatectomy results in a decrease of ATP, total adenosine phosphates, and value of energy charge in the regenerating liver of both age groups. In old rats, however, these shifts are much pronounced.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
[The dynamics of the structural-functional parameters of the chromatin in regenerating rat liver].
Three fractions of chromatin were obtained from nuclei of the regenerating rat liver: transcriptionally low active (TLA), transcriptionally active (TA) and membrane-bound (MB). Changes in fractions distribution, functional activities and structural reorganization during the cell cycle were found. At the peak of transcription (15 h after PHE) an increase in the relative content of TA and MB fractions as well as an increase of the level of incorporated labelled precursors in RNA of TLA and TA fractions compared to control were observed. At the peak of replication (20 h after PHE) the relative content of TA and MB fractions increased as well, while the level of incorporation of labelled precursors in RNA of TLA and TA fractions was significantly lower than in control.
Animals↗
[Synthesis of mtDNA and proteins coded by mtDNA in liver mitochondrial fractions of rats of varying age].
The in vivo synthesis of mtDNA and mtDNA-coded proteins was studied in the whole population and in separate fractions (heavy, middle and light) of liver mitochondria from young (3-4 months), adult (6-8 months) and old (24-26 months) rats. The synthesis rate was estimated from the value of relative specific radioactivity which represented a ratio of specific radioactivity of acid insoluble fraction to that of acid soluble fraction in suspension aliquot of isolated mitochondria. It was found that the synthesis rate of mtDNA in the whole mitochondrial population was increased in the adult rats and decreased in the old animals. The same direction of changes was noticed in heavy and light mitochondrial fractions. Moreover, at any age the synthesis rate of mtDNA was higher in light fractions as compared to other fractions. In the whole mitochondrial population, the synthesis rate of proteins coded by mtDNA was also increased in adult rats and decreased in old animals. However, this decrease was less expressed than in mtDNA case. The increase in the synthesis rate of mitochondrial proteins was noted in all mitochondrial fractions too, whereas its decrease in the old age was marked in the light mitochondria only. Owing to the above peculiarities of age-related changes of the synthesis rate of mtDNA and proteins coded by mtDNA, there takes place the prevalence with age of protein synthesis over mtDNA synthesis in the whole population and in the fractions of rat liver mitochondria.
Aging↗
[The presence of mtDNA-like sequences in the DNA of liver chromatin fractions from rats of different ages].
We have used young (2-3 months), adult (6-8 months) and old (26-28 months) rats. Nuclear DNA (nDNA) was isolated from the liver nuclei and chromatin fractions (RCh, repressed chromatin; ACh, transcriptionally active chromatin; MCh, membrane-bound chromatin) and thereafter loaded on nitrocellulose filters. Hybridization was carried out with radioactively labelled mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a probe mtDNA was first isolated from the liver mitochondria of adult rats and then labelled in nick-translation reaction with 32P-dCTP. Radioautography densitometry data have shown that the content of mtDNA-homologous sequences in the liver nDNA was decreased in adult rats (56%) and increased in the old ones (240%), as compared with the young animals. mtDNA-homologous sequences were localized in the young rats mainly in the RCh, while the adult and old rats had similar sequences in the ACh. We suggest that the age-related dynamics of mtDNA-homologous sequences was due to various factors. At the early stages cell differentiation proceeds rapidly and is accompanied by structural and functional reorganization of both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. These changes increase the probability of contacts and integration of mtDNA fragments and whole molecules in the nuclear genome. As a result, an elevated level of mtDNA-homologous sequences is observed in the liver nuclear genome of young rats. In adult rats, repair and elimination of cells with defective nDNA and decreased proliferation of hepatocytes account for decreased amounts of mtDNA-homologous sequences in nDNA. In old animals, the repair to destruction ratio shifts towards destruction and, hence, mtDNA-homologous sequences are accumulated in the liver nDNA. Age related dynamics of mtDNA-homologous sequences in the liver chromatin fractions is characterized by accumulation of these sequences in ACh and MCh chromatin fractions during maturation and ageing. This also confirms our suggestion that integration of mtDNA-homologous sequences in the nuclear genome is due to various mechanisms operational at the early and late stages of ontogenesis.
Aging↗
[The oxidant and antioxidant systems in patients with stable stenocardia and with a history of small- and large-focus myocardial infarcts].
A study was made as well as a comparison of values of the cholesterol (Chs) lipid fractions concentrations, and of those of the lipid peroxidation processes activity (LPP) and the gluthathione antioxidant system (AOS) status in male subjects aged from 45 to 59 years, healthy individuals and patients with stable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (micro- and macrofocal) during cicatrizing stage (health resort rehabilitation stage). In patients with various forms of IHD total cholesterol is raised as are atherogenic lipoproteins, and atherogenicity index, intensification being noted of LPO along with a considerable decrease in functional potencies of AOS. Similar pattern of changes of LPO and AOS in patients with stable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (MI) during cicatrization stage certainly warrants correction of these systems not only in acute phase of MI but at the stage of rehabilitation as well.
Angina Pectoris↗
[Characterization of the genetic apparatus of cell nuclei and mitochondria of mouse liver during aging].
A comparative biochemical study of the structural-functional peculiarities of genetic apparatus and the content of lipid peroxidation products in the liver nuclei and mitochondria of adult (4.5-5.5 months) and old (22-24 months) CBA mice was carried out. The age-related changes were found as follows: relative content of transcriptionally active and matrix-bound chromatin fractions was decreased, and that of transcriptionally low active fraction was increased; the value of protein/DNA was increased only in transcriptionally active fraction; the value of mitochondrial genome expression coefficient was diminished due to a decreased content of proteins encoded by mtDNA; the concentrations of Schiff bases were elevated both in the nuclei and mitochondria. Possible mechanisms of lipid peroxidation involvement in the above mentioned changes of the nuclear and mitochondrial genetic apparatus are discussed.
Aging↗
[The cytofluorimetric analysis of the nuclei in the regenerating rat liver in the late periods after x-ray irradiation].
The flow cytofluorimetric method allowed to show that intact liver nucleus population of adult (6 months) rats consists of discrete ploidy classes (2c, 4c, 8c and 16c+), from which the diploid class was approximately a half of the total nuclei. Thirty days after the wholebody X-ray irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy, the percentage frequency of each nuclear class was statistically unchanged. However, the polyploidization level of the total nuclear population increased. Partial hepatectomy induces an entering into mitotic cycle (maximum S-phase; 22 h after operation) of the most of the hepatocyte nuclei in both irradiated and unirradiated animals. With that the relative number of nuclei in S-phase decreases in geometric progression according to increasing of ploidy class. In regenerating liver of irradiated rats in comparison with that of unirradiated ones, the greater part of nuclei enters into the mitotic cycle at the expense of di- and especially tetraploid nuclei.
Animals↗