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Biomedical subjects

A Islam

Publications and source records attributed to A Islam.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Randomized treatment of patients with typhoid fever by using ceftriaxone or chloramphenicol.

Sixty-three patients with Salmonella typhi infections were randomly assigned to receive either ceftriaxone iv in single daily doses of 75 mg/kg for children and 3-4 g for adults for seven days or to receive 60 mg of chloramphenicol/kg a day orally or iv in four divided doses until defervescence and then 40 mg/kg a day to complete 14 d. In the ceftriaxone group, one death occurred, and two of seven patients still febrile 11 d after starting treatment were given chloramphenicol. In the chloramphenicol group, one death and one gastrointestinal perforation occurred. The probability of remaining febrile was similar for both groups during the first seven days but was significantly greater for patients receiving ceftriaxone during the 14-d period. Patients in the chloramphenicol group were more likely to be bacteremic on day 3. These results suggest that a seven-day course of once-daily ceftriaxone shows promise as an alternative to 14 d of chloramphenicol for treating typhoid fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prediction of impending blast cell transformation in chronic granulocytic leukaemia.

Bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens from 24 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia were studied to identify bone marrow changes that suggest incipient or impending blast transformation. In the chronic phase of chronic granulocytic leukaemia, blasts and promyelocytes were seen predominantly in the paratrabecular and perivascular regions, while myelocytes, metamyelocytes and segmented polymorphs were seen predominantly in the central intertrabecular marrow space. The patients were divided into two equal groups according to the degree of perivascular and paratrabecular infiltration: those with minimal (one to three layers of blasts and promyelocytes) and those with marked (four to eight layers of blasts and promyelocytes) infiltration. Ten of the 12 patients in the former group did not develop blast transformation and remained in the chronic phase during a 32- to 84-week follow-up period, whereas nine of the 12 patients in the latter group developed blast transformation, with six undergoing transformation within the first 26 weeks. These findings suggest that the histomorphological pattern of bone marrow changes in chronic granulocytic leukaemia may be useful in recognizing a subset of chronic granulocytic leukaemia patients undergoing blast transformation in the ensuing 6 months.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1988

Value of long-core biopsy in the detection of discrete bone marrow lesions.

A series of 256 bone marrow biopsy specimens was obtained at different times from a group of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic granulocytic leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and was analysed in parallel with peripheral blood smears and bone marrow aspirate samples. In five of these biopsy specimens the bone marrow lesion was discrete, deeply seated within the marrow cavity and detected only in long-core biopsies. Neither peripheral blood nor bone marrow aspirates obtained at the same time established the correct diagnosis. This suggests that when peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate samples fail to indicate the diagnosis a long-core biopsy may yield positive results.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

Glycol methacrylate (GMA) embedding for light microscopy. II. Immunohistochemical analysis of semithin sections of undecalcified marrow cores.

A routine method allows bone marrow biopsy specimens to be embedded in glycol methacrylate (GMA), a water miscible plastic, and to benefit from the advantages of good morphology with immunoperoxidase detection of a wide range of cellular antigens useful in diagnosing and classifying various haematopoietic disorders. Marrow cores were fixed in cold Bouin's solution, rinsed in cold phosphate buffer, dehydrated in cold methanol, infiltrated and embedded in cold GMA, then polymerised at 4 degrees C. Sections were cut at 2 micron thickness with a Tungsten carbide knife in a Jung's high performance microtome (Autocut). Antigenecity was preserved when drying slides at room temperature but pronase digestion was necessary to re-expose the antigens in bone marrow biopsy sections embedded in GMA. Histostik, a new adhesive, was used to coat the glass slides to prevent section loss during enzyme digestion and immunostaining procedures. This method of adapting plastic embedding to undecalcified marrow cores preserves marrow architecture and cellular details and it can serve as a useful adjunct to analyse the bone marrow from patients with myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. This technique may also be applicable in non-haematological malignant conditions which affect the marrow.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1988

Direct evidence for a stem cell common to hematopoiesis and its in vitro microenvironment: studies on syngeneic (inbred) Wistar Furth rats.

When injected into a group of lethally irradiated syngeneic (inbred) Wistar Furth (WF) rats, suspensions of stromal cells grown in monolayer culture from the marrow of WF rats produced hemopoietic colonies in the spleen and rescued 50% of the rats, while 90% of the non-injected (control) rats died within 30 days and had no hemopoietic colonies in the spleens. Fifty percent of the injected (test) rats which died between days 6 and 22 showed hemopoietic regeneration in the bone marrow, while little or no evidence of hemopoietic regeneration was seen in the control animals. Our results suggest that the marrow stroma grown in vitro contain cells with hemopoietic potential and are transplantable.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: in vitro characterization of morphological and phenotypical changes.

Mononuclear cells (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes [TIL]) that invade tumor tissue in fresh surgical specimens were examined and characterized. Such cells were seen in virtually all 52 tumor specimens analyzed and were found to be physically attached to the tumor cells. The morphology of these cells is described with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phenotype analysis of these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was also performed. In the fresh surgical specimens, while the tumor cells are viable, TIL cells are mostly null cells (except for weak positivity for Leu-1 antigen). As the culture ages in vitro, the TIL phenotype changes drastically to a wide variety of both T and B cells as well as monocyte-macrophage lineage. While these phenotype changes occur, the tumor cells to which the TIL are attached display progressive signs of necrosis and cell death. Tumor cells without attached TIL cells are not affected by necrotic changes. It is speculated that these described changes in the phenotype and morphology of TIL may be related to acquiring cytotoxic activity against the tumor cells. An attempt to control these changes may possibly be useful for clinical application in cancer immunotherapy.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1988

Effect of alpha-interferon therapy on bone marrow fibrosis in hairy cell leukemia.

Iliac crest trephine biopsy specimens from 16 patients treated with recombinant alpha 2-interferon (alpha-IFN) for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were examined for reticulin and collagen content. These data were compared with the hairy cell index (HCl), the proportion of hairy cells to the overall cellularity of the bone marrow. Specimens were studied immediately before alpha-IFN therapy, at 6-month intervals during, and in six patients 6 months after cessation of therapy. All patients presented with increased bone marrow fibrosis ranging from focally increased reticulin to a diffuse increase in both reticulin and collagen content. This fibrosis was observed to decrease during alpha-IFN therapy inasmuch as the hairy cell population was diminished in the bone marrow in 13 patients. Regression analysis of HCl v bone marrow fibrosis showed a positive correlation (r = .73, P less than .02). Six patients demonstrated a reduction in bone marrow reticulin and collagen to normal levels during alpha-IFN therapy. Two of six patients demonstrated increased bone marrow fibrosis and HCl 6 months after cessation of alpha-IFN therapy. Three of 16 patients exhibited no decrease in bone marrow reticulin content during therapy despite a decreased bone marrow hairy cell population.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Glycol methacrylate embedding for light microscopy. I. enzyme histochemistry on semithin sections of undecalcified marrow cores.

A simple, routine procedure for water miscible glycol methacrylate (GMA) embedding of undecalcified bone marrow cores, which preserves the activity of enzymes useful in diagnosing various haematopoietic disorders, is described. The GMA used in this study has a low acid content that eliminates background staining, and the modified May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain provides good definition and excellent colour differentiation of various haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, thereby providing optimal conditions for the study of the morphology and enzyme activity of bone marrow cells in the same preparation. The method is simple, reproducible, requires no expensive equipment, and is suitable for routine processing of small bone marrow cores in any histopathology or haematology laboratory.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Immunoperoxidase detection of myeloid antigens in glycolmethacrylate-embedded human bone marrow.

Different methods for fixation and exposure of antigenic determinants were tested for detection of a granulocytic differentiation antigen by the monoclonal antibody L12-2, using an indirect immunoperoxidase method on semi-thin sections of undecalcified, glycolmethacrylate-embedded human bone marrow biopsies. Fixation in Bouin's solution for 3 hr gave a more intense and more homogeneous immunological staining than fixation in absolute methanol, 4% formalin, B5, or Michel's medium, and the morphological detail was excellent. Digestion by pronase or trypsin was required. Coating the glass slides with Alcian blue prevented loss of sections from the slides during the staining procedure. Bouin fixation also made possible detection of two other differentiation antigens expressed in the granulocytic series, using the monoclonal antibodies 1G10 and R1B19. Furthermore, the same technique also permitted detection of factor VIII-RAg in the megakaryocytes, as well as recognition of cells of the erythroid series by use of polyclonal rabbit antisera.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Pattern of bone marrow regeneration following chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

Hematopoietic regeneration following chemotherapy was studied in serial bone marrow biopsy (BMB) specimens from 20 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who went into complete remission following therapy. Immediately after intensive chemotherapy, the marrow was extremely hypocellular and edematous and contained widely dilated sinuses. Subsequently, areas of large uniform unilocular fat cells developed from multilocular precursor fat cells. Early aggregates of regenerating hemopoietic cells were seen closely adjacent to bony trabeculae (BT) and appeared to grow out from the endosteum in a sequential progression suggesting an origin from their endosteal progenitors. During the early part of hemopoietic regeneration, individual precursor cells appeared to migrate from these hemopoietic aggregates towards the central intertrabecular marrow space where they formed colonies of various hematopoietic cells in close association with fat and marrow sinusoids. Later, as the normal hemopoiesis was restored due to the gradual enlargement and confluence of these hemopoietic colonies, this characteristic pattern of paratrabecular proliferation and migration of cells became less obvious. These observations suggest that hemopoietic regeneration in AML after therapy is a local phenomenon and is initiated by progenitors of endosteal cells.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Persistent protein losing enteropathy in post measles diarrhoea.

Faecal alpha 1 antitrypsin was measured in two groups of children with diarrhoea aged 6 months to 6 years during the acute and recovery stages of the illness. Group 1 comprised 19 children with a history of measles in the two weeks preceding admission to hospital. In this group there were six cases of Shigella species, six enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and five rotavirus, and two did not yield an aetiologic agent. Group 2 comprised 15 children with diarrhoea only. In this group there were five cases of Shigella species, five enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and five rotavirus. Children with rotavirus diarrhoea belonging to both groups showed a transient high faecal clearance of alpha 1 antitrypsin during the acute stage. Post measles cases of diarrhoea showed significantly higher faecal clearance of alpha 1 antitrypsin than group 2 subjects in both the acute and recovery stages. The faecal clearance of alpha 1 antitrypsin in both groups was significantly higher during the acute stage compared with the recovery stage. Highest faecal clearances of alpha 1 antitrypsin were observed in children with post measles shigellosis in the acute stage and they also had persistently raised concentrations, thus suggesting prolonged protein losing enteropathy.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by pretreatment with 2'-deoxycoformycin.

Germ-free mice were used as a model for acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). C3H/He recipients of DBA/2 cells showed typical symptoms of acute GVHD and died within 8 days. Incubation of the cells with 10 microM 2'-deoxycoformycin (2dCF) + 100 microM deoxyadenosine (dAdo) for 1 h inhibited all T-cell functions as well as T-cell-dependent B-cell functions, but had no effect on B-cell functions that are T-cell independent, nor on the hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S). Recipients of allogeneic cells that had been incubated with 2dCF + dAdo for 1 h prior to inoculation showed no signs, gross or histological, of acute or chronic GVHD up to 15 months after transplantation. The recovery patterns of the blood and bone marrow were not affected by the treatment, and were similar to those of recipients of treated and untreated syngeneic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A randomized double blind trial of aspirin versus placebo in cholera and non-cholera diarrhoea.

A randomized double blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients with cholera and 18 patients with severe non-cholera diarrhoea, to study the antisecretory effect of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). The criteria for selection of patients was a stool output of 4 ml/kg per hour over 6 hours of baseline observation. On inclusion into the study, the groups were comparable in sex, age, body weight, duration of diarrhoea and severity of dehydration. Aspirin and placebo (starch) were given by mouth in doses of 25 mg/kg/day for 24 hours in four equally divided doses. Fourteen patients with cholera and 10 with non-cholera diarrhoea received aspirin and the others received placebo. The aspirin and the placebo groups did not differ in their rate of stool output. The results suggest that aspirin in the above mentioned dose has no antisecretory activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Complex subcellular distributions of enzymatic markers in intestinal epithelial cells.

Current procedures for isolating intestinal epithelial cell surface and intracellular membranes are based on the assumption that each organelle is marked by some unique constituent. This assumption seemed inconsistent with the dynamic picture of subcellular organization emerging from studies of membrane turnover and recycling. Therefore, we have designed an alternative fractionation which is independent of a priori marker assignments. We subjected mucosal homogenates to a sequence of separations based on sedimentation coefficient, equilibrium density, and partitioning in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. The resulting distributions of protein and enzymatic markers define a total of 17 physically and biochemically distinct membrane populations. Among these are: basal-lateral membranes, with Na,K-ATPase enriched 21-fold; brush-border membranes, with alkaline phosphatase enriched as much as 38-fold; two populations apparently derived from the endoplasmic reticulum; a series of five populations believed to have been derived from the Golgi complex; and a series of five acid phosphatase-rich populations which we cannot identify unequivocally. Each of the five enzymatic markers we have followed is associated with a multiplicity of membrane populations. Basallateral, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi membranes contain alkaline phosphatase at the same specific activity as the initial homogenate. Similarly, Na,K-ATPase appears to be associated with Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and brush-border membranes at specific activities two- to seven-fold that of the initial homogenate.

Acid Phosphatase↗