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Biomedical subjects

A Islam

Publications and source records attributed to A Islam.

143 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Single-dose doxycycline for cholera.

To determine the efficacy of single-dose doxycycline in the treatment of cholera, we carried out a randomized prospective trial in 65 patients. Treatment consisted of either a single dose of 200 mg of doxycycline (or 4 mg/kg in patients less than 15 years old) or multiple doses of doxycycline, 500 mg over 4 days (or 10 mg/kg in patients less than 15 years old). There were no differences between the groups in the volumes of intravenous fluid required, volumes of diarrheal stool, or durations of diarrhea. The mean duration of positive stool cultures for Vibrio cholerae was similar for the two groups, although in both groups several patients continued to excrete Vibrios in the stool for more than 3 days. Blood levels of antibiotic demonstrated that the doxycycline was absorbed in spite of the rapid transit time associated with severe diarrhea. These results suggest that although tetracycline remains the drug of choice for cholera, doxycycline is a reasonable alternative, and that a single dose of 200 mg (4 mg/kg in children) is effective clinically.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Determination and bioavailability of ampicillin.

1. Spectrophotometric determination of ampicillin showed comparable results with microbiological assay. 2. A bioavailability study with five brands of ampicillin revealed variations in the serum concentration at 3 hr. but showed somewhat similar concentrations at 6 hr. The results have been discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A study on the evaluation of local shati starch as a substitute of polysaccharides used in the preparation of capsules and tablets of antibiotics.

Local shati starch was extracted, purified and used as an excipient for the preparation of capsules and tablets of oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol. The weight variation test, disintegration time and hardness test of these dosage forms were done and compared with the conventional maize starch containing tables and capsules of the antibiotics. The results in respect of their potency test were found to conform to official pharmacopoeias (B.P. and U.S.P). Stability study for over one year of both varieties of tablets and capsules revealed that they retained their potencies equally well.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of erythromycin, ampicillin and tetracycline for the treatment of cholera in children.

To compare the clinical outcome of treatment of cholera in children with ampicillin, erythromycin or tetracycline, a double-'blind' randomized four-cell trial was carried out in Bangladesh. Ampicillin was chosen as additional therapy for acute respiratory tract infection, present in many subjects with diarrhoea. One hundred and eighty-four children aged 1-5 years who were not wasted, with diarrhoea of duration < 48 h, signs of some or severe dehydration, dark-field stool microscopy demonstrating Vibrio cholerae, and a baseline purging rate > 4 mL/kg/h over 6 h were enrolled in the study. Ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin or placebo were given orally every 6 h for 3 d. After 3 d of antibiotic treatment, diarrhoeal stool volume was significantly reduced in all antibiotic groups, with mean volumes per kg body weight as follows: tetracycline, 318 mL (SEM = 50), ampicillin, 335 mL (SEM = 30); erythromycin, 323 mL (SEM = 25); placebo, 498 mL (SEM = 37). Compared to tetracycline, the clinical recovery rates by 96 h were 75% with placebo, 91.3% with ampicillin, and 95.7% with eythromycin. Compared to tetracycline, the total mean times to recovery were increased by 66% with placebo (P < 0.001), 25% with ampicillin (P < 0.017), and 9% with erythromycin (P = 0.37). These results indicated comparable clinical efficacy of tetracycline, ampicillin and erythromycin. We therefore recommend that, unless V. cholerae is resistant, ampicillin should be used as a cost-effective alternative to erythromycin for paediatric cholera, especially in children with concomitant acute respiratory infection.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduction of fluid-loss in cholera by nicotinic acid: a randomised controlled trial.

A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted to investigate the ability of nicotinic acid to reduce intestinal secretion in patients with severe cholera. Of the 62 adults investigated, 29 received either 1 or 2 g of nicotinic acid given orally in divided doses and 33 served as controls. Patients who received the 2 g dose had less fluid loss than did their controls during the first (p less than 0.01) and second (p less than 0.05) 8 h post-treatment periods. During the third and fourth 8 h periods, the rates were lower in the treatment groups, but not significantly so. The drug-specific stool reduction was 31%-47% during the first 16 h. Patients receiving 1 g consistently had lower rates of purging than had their controls during each 8 h observation period, but the differences were not significant. The effect of the 2 g dose was significantly better than that with the 1 g dose. The peak inhibition occurred 8-16 h after start of therapy. The drug was well tolerated, the only side-effect being transient flushing of the body in 1 patient.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topical alprostadil in the treatment of Female Sexual Arousal Disorder: a pilot study.

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of three doses of topical alprostadil USP (prostaglandin E1) cream in 8 patients with Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD). Each patient was administered a single intravaginal dose of placebo followed by escalating intravaginal doses of the active drug at 2-week intervals. Alprostadil's effectiveness in enhancing subjective and physiological arousal during visual sexual stimulation was supported by patient ratings and physician assessments of vaginal erythema and transudate volume. Photoplethysmography measurement of vaginal pulse amplitude was not able to demonstrate treatment sensitivity in the present study. Adverse events included mild cases of vaginal itching and burning. The data support further investigation of the use of alprostadil for FSAD.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Challenges in conducting multicenter clinical trials in female sexual dysfunction: baseline differences between study populations.

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) presents several unique challenges in the design and interpretation of multicenter clinical trials. This paper discusses the issue of baseline differences between study populations, using the demographic data of a recent publication describing the validation of a new questionnaire for the evaluation of FSD.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of morbidity and mortality in typhoid fever dependent on age and gender: review of 552 hospitalized patients with diarrhea.

Features of typhoid fever were correlated with age and gender through a review of the charts of 552 hospitalized culture-positive patients with diarrhea in Bangladesh. Seizures occurred more frequently in children from birth through 10 years of age (5%-11%) and pneumonia more frequently in children from birth through 5 years of age (8%-15%) than in older age groups (P less than .05), whereas intestinal perforation occurred more frequently in patients greater than or equal to 11 years of age (5%-25%) than in younger age groups (P less than .005). Compared with older age groups, children from birth through 10 years of age were more anemic, those from birth through 5 years of age had a higher mean white blood cell count, and those from birth through 1 year of age had a lower mean blood carbon dioxide content (all P less than .05). Female patients were more severely anemic than male patients (P less than .05). The case-fatality rate was 4.3% overall, with the highest rates for children from birth through 1 year of age (11%) and adults greater than or equal to 31 years of age (10%). Female patients had a higher case-fatality rate (6%) than male patients (3%), although the difference was not significant (P greater than .05). Death was independently associated with seizures, intestinal perforation, pneumonia, and delirium or coma. These results indicated that the patients with typhoid fever who were at highest risk of complications and death were children from birth through 1 year of age and adults greater than or equal to 31 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor-I level in familial Alzheimer's disease patients carrying the Swedish APP 670/671 mutation.

The plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) level was determined in family members carrying the Swedish amyloid precursor protein (APP) 670/671 mutation with or without Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in age-matched controls from the same family. Plasma growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) levels were also determined. Measurement of the plasma IGF-I level by radioimmunoassay revealed a significant reduction only in the family members with AD compared to age-matched controls. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of GH and PRL between the mutation carriers with or without AD and their respective age-matched controls. These findings indicate that the mechanism(s) regulating GH and PRL were preserved and those regulating IGF-I levels might be affected in AD patients with the Swedish APP 670/671 mutation. CopyrightCopyright 1999S.KargerAG, Basel

Aged↗