Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Iu Savchenko.
Using a complex of ultrasonic methods, vertebral basilar system hemodynamics has been evaluated in normal state and in case of vertebral basilar insufficiency (VBI). The differential diagnostic criteria of atherosclerotic and vertebrogenic types of VBI development have been obtained that enables to individualize the therapeutic approaches.
Ninety-nine patients with encephalopathy developed in the remote period after acute lesions of cerebral blood circulation, brain traumas and cerebral gliomas surgery have been studied. Phenotropil was used in a dosage of 200 mg per day during one month. A CT survey revealed that in a stable state of brain changes phenotropil exerted the mostly pronounced influence on movement disturbances: decreased an extent of pareses in limb and face muscles, improved motor coordination, higher brain functions, memory, attention, counting. Patients exhibited higher mobility and daily activity, along with lower discomfort, anxiety and depression. EEG study showed more intensive alpha- and beta-rhythms, a decrease of paroxysmal activity and slow waves as well as a general tendency to its normalization.
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Based on an analysis of 1,255 cases of brain gliomas operated during 30 years, a relative constancy of the disease incidence together with enhancement of its expressivity was discovered. As compared with the typical forms, the growth of malignant tumors of the astrocytic type was revealed, as was a great number of patients with neoplasms spreading to several lobes of the brain as well as of patients manifesting the neurological symptomatology since the first days of life. As compared to the tumor disease incidence in the population, noticeable predominance of oncological diseases was established in the families of patients with brain gliomas. Some meteorological phenomena correlate with certain epidemiological parameters in brain gliomas. 75% of patients with gliomas were found to have diseases that possess an immunodepressive action. It is not excluded that these diseases may be among the causes of encephalopathy progression in the postoperative period.
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Using morphometric methods, the synaptic architectonics of the neocortex molecular layer was studied in nine patients with brain tumours and intracranial hypertension of various severity which determined the degree of cerebral hypoxia. It has been demonstrated that the synapses of the human brain are characterized by marked plastic properties manifested predominantly by the hypertrophy of the active zones of the contact and the formation of the interneuronal links. The reorganization of the synaptic architectonics plays a significant compensatory role in human cerebral functions under hypoxia.
Basing on CT data, the authors analyze the qualitative changes in the brain of patients with a history of multiple-modality treatment for immature neuroectodermal tumors. Plani- and volumetric parameters of the total brain, the involved and the contralateral hemispheres are compared with the same parameters in the reference group. The pattern and degree of structural changes were found related to the site of the tumor and surgery. The brain matter in both hemispheres was lost mostly in the interstitial and end portions predominantly on the side of the tumor and surgery. Changes of the brain were individual in the patients.
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Bioptic material of the cerebral cortex was studied by electron microscopy in 9 patients with brain tumors and a different degree of the hypertension syndrome. The predominance of cell swelling and marked intracellular redistribution of fluid were demonstrated. Intercellular edema appears with the increase in the severity of the hypertension syndrome. The volumetric changes of the capillaries are due to the swelling of all the components of their wall, perivascular astroglia and the accumulation of poorly metabolized metabolites in the cytoplasm of pericytes, endotheliocytes, and pericapillary gliocytes.
The paper outlines the history of design of a multipurpose and cryosurgical device and the organization of its production in lots. The general considerations of its medical and technical data are given. A description of the device and its comparison with similar ones are presented. Due to the optimum design, the produced cryoapplicator not only exceeds its analogues in some operating characteristics, but it is cheaper in the context of its production. A brief account of the medical applications of the device is given. The paper is addressed to medical workers and medical equipment designers.