[Infant food and celiac disease. Risk of increase when changing the diet].
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Celiac Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
A Ivarsson
Publications and source records attributed to A Ivarsson.
Noise-induced hearing loss in an automobile sheet-metal pressing plant. A retrospective investigation covering 25 years.
Hearing damage suffered by male workers in an automobile sheet-metal pressing plant has been studied on five occasions during the period 1964-89. The hearing threshold data have been analysed in order to determine hearing loss due to noise in various age groups. The hearing thresholds were better on later occasions. In the youngest group of workers only 45% exhibited normal hearing in 1964, while in 1989 the corresponding figure was 88%. The same tendency towards improved hearing could also be seen in the age groups 30-39 and 40-49 years. In the oldest age group, 50-59 years, hearing handicap decreased from 58% in 1964 to 11% in 1989. With the aid of the average hearing loss, it has also been possible to estimate the equivalent noise level to which present-day workers have been exposed, as well as the reduction in level of exposure during the past 25 years. The effects of a long-term technical and medical occupational health care programme including noise-reduction measures and improved use of hearing protectors are discussed.
Adult↗
Noise-exposed male sheet-metal workers using hearing protectors. A longitudinal study of hearing threshold shifts covering fifteen years.
The hearing thresholds of male sheet-metal workers have been studied in a longitudinal investigation with pure tone audiometry during three periods covering 1972-1987. Using these data, the hearing threshold shifts were calculated in various age groups. When the annual rate of mean hearing threshold shift over the frequency range 2-8 kHz was considered, it was not possible to establish a difference in the threshold shift between noise-exposed groups and an otologically normal 'highly screened' male population from ISO 7029, database A. The correction for ageing in the noise-exposed group according to the empirical formula in ISO 1999 (1990) is discussed. The results show that a hearing conservation programme including effective use of hearing protectors and reduction of noise emission levels can eliminate noise-induced hearing threshold shifts and progressive hearing loss.
Adult↗
Is the incidence of childhood coeliac disease in Sweden still rising?
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Celiac Disease↗
Ostial function in allergic rhinitis.
In order to evaluate the maxillary ostial function a double-blind, group comparative study with intranasal budesonide and placebo was carried out in 20 adult patients suffering from seasonal rhinitis. The trial started with an entry visit 3 weeks before pollen peak with clinical assessments (physical examination and ostial diameter measurements) followed by a 3-week treatment period. Treatment was either intranasal budesonide 200 micrograms b.i.d. or matching placebo b.i.d. The trail ended at pollen peak with clinical assessment. The results showed normal ostial diameters in the patients suffering from seasonal rhinitis. There were no statistical significant differences in ostial diameter change between the treatment groups except between budesonide and placebo in sitting position at measurement time 0 min. It seems that pollen does not reach the ostial region.
Administration, Intranasal↗
Models for studying the progression of hearing loss caused by noise.
A computer-controlled fixed-frequency Békésy audiometer has been used together with simplified mathematical models for hearing threshold measurements and analysis in 1,796 subjects from seven different noise environments with exposures varying from less than 80 dB(A) to greater than 95 dB(A). The methods of measurement and analysis have been used to determine hearing loss caused by noise for various age groups for men and women. It has also been possible to estimate the equivalent noise level to which workers are nowadays subjected under hearing protectors and the reduction in exposure level over the past 40 years. The results illustrate the effects of noise-reduction measures and the use of hearing protectors on the development of hearing loss suffered by workers in the actual Swedish industries.
Adult↗
Nasal airway resistance and symptoms after functional septoplasty: comparison of findings at 9 months and 9 years.
Thirty-five patients undergoing a functional septoplasty for nasal obstruction and pathologically high nasal airway resistance were followed up twice, at about 9 months and 9 years postoperatively. The resistance of the preoperatively narrower cavity was reduced at both check-ups, while that of the preoperatively wider cavity, and of the total nose, was lower at the late follow-up than at the early one. Seventy-four per cent of the patients were satisfied with the operation at the first follow-up, and 69% at the later one. Preoperatively, all the patients suffered from nasal obstruction. Postoperatively, at the 9-month follow-up 51% were subjectively free from obstruction, but only 26% were symptom-free at 9 years. Obviously, then, both objective and subjective changes may occur later than 9 months after functional septoplasty.
Adult↗
[Eczema, itching, heat and humidity problems as obstacles to the effective use of hearing protective devices].
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Ear Protective Devices↗
Tubal function and surgery in chronic otitis media. A study on the predictive value of testing tubal function, Valsalva's manoeuvre and volume of ear spaces.
In 141 ears with central tympanic membrane (TM) perforation preoperative tubal studies as well as volume determination of the air-filled ear spaces was performed. Tubal patency was checked with Valsalva's manoeuvre and pressure equilibration function with Toynbee's test and aspiration-deflation tests respectively. At postoperative control 74.5% of the ears had intact movable TM (healed), 5.7% had intact but immovable or retracted TM and 19.8% had perforation (defect). There was no difference between the healed and defect ears regarding results in aspiration-deflation tests. A positive Valsalva's manoeuvre was significantly more frequent in the healed ears. Ears with a small air-filled volume and negative Valsalva's manoeuvre showed significantly lower healing rate than ears with positive Valsalva's manoeuvre and a large air-filled volume.
Adult↗
Computerized audiometry--a facility to prevent hearing damages caused by noise.
A computerized audiometer has been developed to perform pure-tone manual or fixed-frequency Békésy audiometry. A number of statistical evaluation programs are part of the integrated audiometer. It means that even small but statistically certain changes in hearing thresholds can be revealed at an early stage.
Audiometry↗
Three-dimensional laser Doppler interferometric display of human tympanic membrane vibrations at two different frequencies and sound pressure levels.
The vibrational movements of the tympanic membrane of human in vitro specimens were studied by computerized laser Doppler interferometry. The entire surface of the vibrating tympanic membrane was scanned with the laser beam and all information was stored digitally making it possible to recreate the movements as in slow motion on the oscilloscope. Single phases of interest from the vibrational cycle were plotted as shown. The resonance patterns at 0.58 kHz and 3.11 kHz are compared and the effect of different sound pressure levels on the vibrational movement of the tympanic membrane demonstrated.
Doppler Effect↗
Effect of body position, epinephrine, and a surface-tension-lowering substance on the eustachian tube opening in the rat.
The middle ear pressure was increased by air injections and the level (pressure opening level = Pol) at which the Eustachian tube (ET) opened was determined in anaesthetized ras. At a rate of pressure increase of 0.7 kPa/s it opened at 4.1 +/- 0.4 kPa. A change of the body and head position from horizontal to almost vertical increased the Pol by about 0.4 kPa (head downwards) and decreased the Pol by about 0.3 kPa (head upwards). Epinephrine tested in a dose-response experiment had no significant effect on Pol (doses from 0.01 to 10 micrograms/kg body weight). A surface-tension-lowering substance, Tween 20, instilled into the middle ear, reduced Pol by about 1 kPa. A change in body and head position had thus a moderate effect on the passive opening of the ET, a strong decongestant had no effect, and a surface-lowering substance, a marked effect. With increasing rates of pressure change in the middle ear, Pol increased. After instillation of Tween 20 there was an almost parallel shift to lower values of the regression line of the Pol at different rates of pressure increase.
Animals↗
Computerized laser Doppler interferometric scanning of the vibrating tympanic membrane.
The vibrational movements of the tympanic membrane (TM) of in vitro human specimens were studied by computerized laser Doppler interferometry. The versatility of the method for measuring the velocity of the vibrating TM was demonstrated by point measurements, horizontal sweeps, and three-dimensional scans of the entire TM. Single phases of the TM vibration were examined and plotted three-dimensionally. All information was stored digitally, making it possible to recreate the movements as in slow motion on the oscilloscope. The effect of coating the TM with a thin layer of magnesium oxide was studied. The repeatability of the method was demonstrated. TM vibrational patterns at different sound pressure levels and frequencies are displayed and discussed as also are the results of scanning the specimen in different positions.
Computers↗
Eustachian tube function and its relation to middle ear pressure in children.
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Adult↗
Effect of atropine on the eustachian tube function.
The effect of atropine on the eustachian tube function was studied by means of a recently designed method. The results out of 20 examined ears showed that atropine significantly reduced both active and passive functions of the eustachian tube. The findings are discussed and it is concluded that the method used might be a valuable tool in forthcoming studies of pharmacological effects on the eustachian tube function.
Air Pressure↗
Eustachian tube function measured as pressure equilibration and sound transmission capacity. A comparison in healthy ears.
In a series of 68 healthy ears the muscular opening function of the Eustachian tube was assessed in two different ways. A pressure equilibration capacity of +/- 100 mm H2O was tested by a quantitative impedance technique using a pressure chamber and compared to sound transmission capacity recorded by sonotubometry at frequencies of 6, 7 and 8 kHz. In contrast to the pressure equilibration test, sonotubometry does not allow a quantitative assessment of Eustachian tube function and furthermore, sonotubometry yields false-positive as well as false-negative results due to the great variations in sound pressure generated by the deglutition maneuvers themselves.
Adult↗
Hearing threshold measurement in Menière's disease.
The hearing thresholds of 21 subjects with a typical history of Menière's disease on one side were determined four times by Békésy audiometry at fixed frequencies (250, 500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz). The reliability of the hearing thresholds was calculated and no differences could be found between the Menière ear and the unaffected ear. A considerable increase in standard deviation of hearing thresholds could be noted if the middle ear pressure varied more than +/- 50 mm H2O between the tests. The results showed that with Békésy audiometry a 7-dB increase or decrease in hearing thresholds reflects a significant change in hearing in Menière's disease.
Adult↗
Treatment with sulfur hexafluoride in children with serous otitis media. An alternative to tubulation.
In this pilot study, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a nontoxic inert gas infused into the ear during myringotomy and acting as a gas cushion behind an intact eardrum, was tested on five children with bilateral serous otitis media. The contralateral ear was treated with air as a control. A significant difference in air-bone gaps (frequencies, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz) lasting at least eight weeks was found between the ears treated with SF6 and the air-treated ears. No side effects were noted. Tympanograms showed varying patterns. The long-term effects were also favorable for the SF6-treated ears. In selected cases, eg, ears with thin scars and retractions, this might be a valuable alternative to tubulation. Further studies are being carried out.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗