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Biomedical subjects

A Iwakawa

Publications and source records attributed to A Iwakawa.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Nepal: low prevalence in an isolated rural village.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Nepal. DESIGN: H. pylori infection was identified using a specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G. STUDY POPULATION: Serum samples were collected from 1142 inhabitants (age range 4-93 years) from two villages: Kotyang, a rural isolated village (250 men, 210 women) and Bhadrakali, a suburban village of Kathmandu (334 men, 348 women). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 56.8%, while significantly higher prevalence was found in the suburban village (Bhadrakali; 67.2%) than in the rural village (Kotyang; 41.5%). This difference was generally reflected by the infection rate in the 10-14-year-old age-group (Bhadrakali, 60% compared with Kotyang, 22.2%). The prevalence of infection significantly increased with age, while no significant difference was found in the prevalence of infection by gender. There was no difference in H. pylori positivity between individuals with and without upper abdominal symptoms in both villages. CONCLUSION: There was a significant regional difference in the seroprevalence of H. pylori within Nepal, which showed lower prevalence in an isolated rural village. This difference was mainly caused by the different acquisition rate in teenagers, thus indicating that the teenage lifestyle of this particular environment seemed to be the major determinant in the acquisition of H. pylori infection in the population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Management of the impalpable testis; the value of laparoscopy for subsequent treatment].

During a 5-year period between April 1984 and March 1989, we were unable to palpate 62 testes (56 child patients) at the time of diagnosis. An average of 10 months later, 51 testes (48 patients) still remained impalpable preoperatively. Of the two imaging techniques, computed tomography and ultrasonography, the former is rather superior to the latter for verifying the existence of the impalpable testis. However, careful palpation under anaesthesia results in the accurate location of the testis more often than either of those two imaging techniques. On the other hand, as an aid in management of the impalpable testis, laparoscopy offers the most useful information for use in later surgery. This is because we are able to see the spermatic vessel and the vas deferens intraabdominally, in addition to the abdominal testis. Thirty-six patients (39 testes), whose testes remained impalpable even under anaesthesia, underwent laparoscopy. In two cases, we were unable to perform laparoscopy successfully due to failed pneumoperitoneum. However, in all the other cases, the information which could be obtained was fully utilized during subsequent management. Of a total of 37 instances, 8 testes which were abdominal or just canalicular (pendulous) could be recognized. In addition, 4 more were found to have no spermatic vessel in the visual field and a further 4 had a vessel disappearing before reaching the internal ring. In the remaining 21, we were able to detect the spermatic vessel and the vas deferens. At 59 instances of exploratory surgery, a mere 11 testes, among 27 testes, could be fixed to the bottom of the scrotum, resulting in scrotal dimples lasting for several months in 2 cases. Another 14 testes were placed in the upper scrotal region, while 2 were left in the groin region subcutaneously for lack of any alternative site.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Intrascrotal sclerosing lipogranuloma: a case report].

We report a case of genital sclerosing lipogranuloma, which lacks any causative agents or episode of genital trauma. The patient was a single male of 27 years old. Open biopsy revealed it lipogranuloma with no evidence of malignancy. Cut surface of the removed mass was solid and greyish white. The histopathological diagnosis was sclerosing lipogranuloma. The remnant of the mass disappeared after the treatment with an anti-inflammatory agent. No recurrence has occurred for 1 year and 10 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Functional recovery of the bladder in patients with spinal cord injury--prognosticating programs of an aseptic intermittent catheterization.

Ninety patients with spinal cord injury were managed by aseptic intermittent catheterization program I (preventing the over-distension of the bladder) and program II (allowing overdistension) in which recovery of bladder function and the clinical effects were comparatively investigated. Using program I, cases with positive BCR restored the automaticity of the bladder on average 8 weeks after injury. When urinary incontinence first occurs during aseptic intermittent catheterization, urinary training may be commenced since the bladder has then recovered from spinal shock. Cases with no BCR do not restore automatic bladder contraction. Program II delayed or weakened the recovery of bladder function considerably. Patients with incomplete lesions and sacral sparing, particularly those with urinary sensation, should be managed by program I which does not impair recovery of the bladder. It is possible to prevent urinary incontinence and infection, if paraplegics with complete lesions are managed by program II. The percentage of urinary infection was 22.6 +/- 16.0% (N = 90) during aseptic intermittent catheterization (non-touch technic) among whom no statistically significant difference between those with trigger voiding (22.2 +/- 17.2%, N = 57) and those with self-catheterization (23.2 +/- 14.0%, N = 33) was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Leech salivary gland extract from Haementeria officinalis, a potent inhibitor of cyclophosphamide- and radiation-induced artificial metastasis enhancement.

Studies were designed to determine whether salivary gland extract (SGE) from the leech Haementeria officinalis could inhibit enhancement of lung tumor colonization induced by pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide (CY) or local thoracic irradiation (LTI). Tumor nodules in the lung were generated by i.v. injections of T241 sarcoma and FSA fibrosarcoma cells into syngeneic C57BL/6 and C3Hf/Kam mice, respectively. CY (200 mg/kg) was given i.p. 1 or 4 days prior to i.v. injection of tumor cells. In other mice, a single dose of 1000 rads of LTI was given 1 day before tumor cells. Three i.v. or i.p. injections of SGE at doses of 600 to 800 micrograms of protein per injection given at 2-hr intervals between 2 hr before and 4 hr after CY, LTI, or tumor cell injection strongly inhibited and, in some cases, abolished the artificial metastasis enhancing effect of CY and LTI. SGE was similarly effective in inhibiting the enhancement of lung colonization when given before or after cytotoxic agents. Using [125I]iododeoxyuridine-labeled tumor cells, it was observed that SGE did not affect the initial lodgement of tumor cells in the lung, but it greatly facilitated their subsequent release from the lung. In normal mice, the SGE was active when given on the day or 1 day before but not when given 4 days before tumor cells. The antimetastatic effect of SGE was ascribed to its anti-platelet-aggregating, anticoagulant, and antiproteolytic enzyme activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of fibrinolysis inhibitor and chemotherapeutics on the growth of human cancers transplanted into nude mice and in tissue culture.

Effects of tranexamic acid (AMCHA) alone or together with anticancer drug on the growth of human cancers transplanted into nude mice and in tissue culture were investigated. AMCHA showed no effects on cancer cells in vitro. Fibrin deposition and host stromal reaction at the advancing border of the tumor tended to increase after AMCHA administration. These seem to contribute to the significant reduction of tumor growth rate by AMCHA in combination with an anticancer drug compared to control.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Heterotransplantation of human urinary bladder cancers in nude mice.

Thirty-one human urinary bladder cancers were transplanted subcutaneously into congenitally athymic nude mice. Subcutaneous growth was obtained in eight at the initial transplantation. Only one of these eight successful transplants, which was derived from squamous cell carcinoma, has been serially transplanted successfully and was characterized by high thromboplastic and low fibrinolytic activities which were virtually constant throughout the serial passages. This strain will provide a useful model system for studying anticancer therapies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Promotion of lung tumor colonization in mice by the synthetic thrombin inhibitor (no. 805) and its reversal by leech salivary gland extracts.

The role of anticoagulation per se in the reduction of experimental or spontaneous metastasis still remains to be determined, as shown by the conflicting results reported by the literature using different conventional anticoagulants. A new compound has been synthesized (compound no. 805) which prolongs or suppresses coagulation via specific inhibition of thrombin and its possible use in a model of experimental metastasis to clarify the role of anticoagulants in tumor spread was investigated. Contrary to our expectations, this compound increased rather than decreased the number of lung colonies induced by intravenous injections of a variety of murine neoplasias. Studies of the mechanism of this effect indicated that the compound increases retention of tumor cells by the lung without apparent impairment of the natural cell immune system, suggesting that the synthetic thrombin inhibitor may enhance vascular attachment of tumor cells. The promoting effect of compound no. 805 on metastasis was totally reversed by the administration of leech salivary gland extracts, which appear to protect capillaries from damage produced by cyclophosphamide, as revealed by other studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of antifibrinolysis treatment on human cancer in nude mice.

The effect of tranexamic acid on the growth of three human tumor cell lines (lung squamous cell carcinoma QG-56, lung adenocarcinoma PC-12 and ovarian carcinoma OC-1) was investigated in vitro and in vivo in nude mice. Tranexamic acid exhibited no direct cytotoxicity in vitro, but it inhibited the growth of all the three cell lines as tumors in nude mice. Prominent deposition of fibrin or fibrinogen around tumor cells at the advancing border were observed only in the tumors of treated animals.

Animals↗