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Biomedical subjects

A J Ahmad

Publications and source records attributed to A J Ahmad.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Tibial plateau fractures. A new classification scheme.

Fractures of the tibial plateaus are common injuries. Various classification schemes have been used to describe these injuries. Although each system has its own purpose, the simpler systems do not allow comparison with more complex divisions. The problem is compounded by the variable use of adjectives that describe these fractures. A comprehensive classification of tibial plateau fractures should group fractures that are similar in topography, morphology, and pathogenesis, requiring similar treatment, and having a similar prognosis. Fracture dislocations and standard tibial plateau fractures should be incorporated into a single classification to avoid the use of two complementary classifications. Any such classification should not be difficult to remember or to use. Keeping in mind these requirements, the authors devised a simple yet comprehensive classification. The authors studied 80 cases of tibial plateau fractures from January 1988 to September 1997, and used contemporary classifications of tibial plateau fractures as a database to formulate the new classification. A new fracture, subcondylar bicondylar with coronal split, has been classified for the first time. An alphanumeric system has been developed that has made nomenclature easy to remember and use. An effort has been made to address the profoundly confusing issue of variable adjectives that describe these injuries. A review of the literature shows that fractures in the authors' classification have been grouped according to similar pathomechanics, treatment, and functional results.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Childhood obesity and hypertension.

Using the criteria of weight(g)/height(cm)2 greater than or equal to 2.26 as cut off point, 292 (7.56%) of the 3,861 school children in the age group 5-15 years were identified as obese. The mean blood pressure levels, both systolic and diastolic, were found to be significantly higher in the obese subjects compared to the controls (p less than 0.001). Further, 10 (3.4%) of the 292 obese subjects were detected to have sustained elevations in BP levels (BP greater than mean + 2 SD for age-sex) on monthly follow-up for 6 months. On the contrary, persistent hypertension was detected in only six (0.16%) of the 3,569 controls. None of these hypertensive children had any symptoms attributable to raised blood pressures and all had only mild elevations in BP levels. Baseline investigations, carried out in 9/16 subjects, failed to document any underlying cause for hypertension. Serum cholesterol levels, however, were elevated in six subjects. This suggests a close association between childhood obesity and essential hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Normal blood pressures and the evaluation of sustained blood pressure elevation in childhood.

A total of 3,861 school children in the age group 5-15 years were examined to establish the normative values for auscultatory blood pressure and to study the prevalence of sustained elevation of blood pressure in Indian children. Age-sex specific norms of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the right upper limb were worked out. When the influence of age was minimised, the systolic and diastolic pressure still showed a positive correlation with height and weight. Two hundred and fifty five (6.60%) of the children screened were detected to have blood pressure level in excess of +2 SD of the mean for age and sex on first contact. The number declined to only 16 (0.41%) on re-evaluation 2 months after the initial contact. These 16 children continued to remain hypertensive during monthly follow up for 5 months. Family history of obesity, hypertension, or myocardial-infarction and/or stroke was met with in significantly higher (p less than 0.001) number of children with sustained hypertension as compared to normotensive students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Renal function in acute malaria in children.

Tests for renal function were performed in 75 smear positive children with acute malaria together with 10 control children. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 52 and 46 per cent cases, respectively. Renal impairment in the form of decreased endogenous creatine clearance (less than 65 ml/min/m2) was noted in 36 of the 75 children with malaria. Plasmodium falciparum was responsible for 66 per cent and P. vivax accounted for 30 per cent cases of renal impairment. Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia produced significantly greater reduction in endogenous creatine clearance (r = 0.198). Fourteen of 36 patients with decreased endogenous creatine clearance who attended for follow-up showed that their creatinine clearance had returned back to normal.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Microprocessor-based system for on-line analysis of respiratory responses to exercise.

A microprocessor-based system was developed for the measurement and on-line calculation of values and derivatives of expiratory variables and their response to exercise. The system accepts analog signals from gas analysers, ECG electrodes and flow transducer, digitizes these signals, calculates values of required parameters and presents results on a video display. The system offers the user various options of logging and data processing. Plots of the values of calculated parameters versus exercise time and correlation between variables can be easily produced by the system. A mass storage unit was available with the system to enable the storage of calculated variables for off-line analysis. Hardcopy of displayed results and plots can be provided by the system.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An integrated microprocessor-based system enhanced with graphics for the evaluation of slope-ratios and other flow-volume curve parameters.

A microprocessor-based system is developed to measure and analyse flow-volume curves produced from forced expiratory manoeuvres. The system evaluates the slope-ratio parameter and displays it as a scaled plot against fractions of vital capacity together with a scaled plot of the flow-volume curves on a graphic display. Other conventional parameters and their predicted values are also calculated. Freedom is allowed for the operator to select or reject manoeuvres from several runs. The system is easily run and guided even by an operator with no programming knowledge.

Computers↗