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A J Carrillo-Muñoz

Publications and source records attributed to A J Carrillo-Muñoz.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Sertaconazole: in-vitro antifungal activity against vaginal and other superficial yeast isolates.

The in vitro susceptibilities of 183 clinical yeast isolates to sertaconazole (STZ) were compared to their susceptibilities to clotrimazole (CTZ), econazole (ECZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), miconazole (MNZ), fluconazole (FLZ), itraconazole (ITZ), tioconazole (TCZ), amphotericin B (AMB) and flucytosine (5FC) by using a commercial agar diffusion method. Strains were isolated from vaginal and other superficial clinical samples (18 species of Candida and five strains belonging to other yeast genera). Only one strain (0.5%) was resistant to STZ out of 87.4% of susceptible strains (n=160). The percentage of susceptible strains was higher than those obtained with the other agents evaluated and the percentage of resistant strains was lower than for most of the other antifungals. The pattern of susceptibility of C. albicans to STZ, TCZ, ITZ and CLZ was similar and superior to the pattern of susceptibility of this species to MNZ, ECZ, FLZ, 5FC and KTZ. C. dubliniensis was more susceptible to STZ, MNZ, MNZ, FLZ, ITZ, CLZ than to TCZ, ECZ, 5FC, AMB or KTZ. Ten susceptible strains to STZ were resistant to FLZ and one strain was resistant to ITZ. The overall antifungal activity of STZ in vitro against a wide range of clinically important yeasts from vaginal and cutaneous samples indicates the therapeutic potential of this agent for the treatment of infections caused by these fungi. However, the activity of STZ and the clinical value of in vitro data need to be verified in human clinical trials.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Activity of itraconazole against clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. determined by the M38-P NCCLS method].

The antifungal activity of itraconazole was studied in 101 clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. nidulans, A. candidus, A. glaucus, A. clavatus, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and F. semitectum. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined according to the protocol of the M38-P National Committee for Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) document using a microdilution method in 1640 RPMI liquid medium (visual reading at 48 and 72 h incubation). In general, the MIC did not vary with time of incubation, except in a Z. fumigatus strain in which the MIC went from 2 to 16 mg/l. The geometric mean of the MIC and MIC(90) of itraconazole for Aspergillus spp. was 0.44 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively; and for Fusarium spp. it was 14.1 mg/l and 16 mg/l, respectively. With 0.5 mg/l 75% of the Aspergillus spp. strains were inhibited, and 100% of these strains were inhibited with 2 mg/l. A. niger and A. fumigatus were the most resistant species (MIC(90) 2 mg/l). The MIC of all the Fusarium strains essayed was between 4 and 16 mg/l.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2000

Emerging pathogens.

The ever increasing numbers of immunosuppressed individuals has led to a significant increase in the incidence of opportunistic infections, particularly those caused by fungi. The epidemiology of infections caused by the common fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus has been well documented. However, in addition to these, a number of species which have previously been unrecognized (e.g., C. dubliniensis) or have previously been assumed to be non-pathogenic (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Scedosporium spp. and Fusarium spp.) have emerged as agents of human disease. Since these species have only been identified recently as human pathogens, their role in disease is poorly understood. In most cases, identification of these species is problematic and therefore their epidemiology has yet to be elucidated adequately. In addition, several of these species fail to respond to conventional antifungal therapies. In this article, we describe the emergence of two separate yeast species (C. dubliniensis and S. cerevisiae) and two separate groups of moulds (Scedosporium prolificans and Fusarium spp.), as human pathogens. It is apparent from what we already know, that much work has yet to be performed before we have a clear understanding of how these species cause disease and most importantly how they can be controlled.

Candida↗
PubMed1999

In-vitro antifungal activity of liposomal nystatin in comparison with nystatin, amphotericin B cholesteryl sulphate, liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B desoxycholate, fluconazole and itraconazole.

The in-vitro susceptibilities of 120 clinical isolates of yeasts to liposomal nystatin were compared with those to amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), liposomal amphotericin B (LAB), amphotericin B cholesteryl sulphate (ABCD), amphotericin B desoxycholate, nystatin, fluconazole and itraconazole. Yeast isolates examined included strains of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida guilliermondii, Candida tropicalis, Candida kefyr, Candida viswanathii, Candida famata, Candida rugosa, Rhodotorula rubra, Trichosporon spp., Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus neoformans. The mean MICs for all strains examined were: liposomal nystatin 0.96 mg/L; nystatin 0.54 mg/L; ABLC 0.65 mg/L; LAB 1.07 mg/L; ABCD 0.75 mg/L; amphotericin B 0.43 mg/L; fluconazole 5.53 mg/L; and itraconazole 0.33 mg/L. No significant differences were seen between the activity of liposomal nystatin and the polyene drugs or itraconazole, but liposomal nystatin was more active than fluconazole. MICs were lower than the reported blood concentrations following therapeutic doses of this drug, indicating the potential for a therapeutic use of liposomal nystatin in humans. These results indicate good activity in vitro against medically important yeasts, which compares favourably with the activities of other currently available antifungal drugs. Liposomal nystatin may have a role in the treatment of disseminated and systemic mycoses.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1999

Comparative study of the in vitro antifungal activity of bifonazole, naftifine and sertaconazole against yeasts.

The in vitro activity of three antifungal agents was tested and compared against 151 yeast strains, including ten Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, Rhodotorula rubra, and Trichosporon cutaneum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by a microdilution technique in Shadomy modified liquid medium. The mean MICs of sertaconazole (0.34 mg/L) were lower than those of naftifine (16.3 mg/L) and bifonazole (13.2 mg/L). These results suggest that sertaconazole is more active against Candida spp than other topical agents such as bifonazole and naftifine.

Allylamine↗
PubMed1999

[Comparison of two methods for the study of the in vitro susceptibility to sertaconazole of yeast clinical isolates].

We evaluated a commercial method for studying the in vitro susceptibility to sertaconazole based on its diffusion in agar with standardized tablets, with the aim of determining its correlation with the method of microdilution in Shadomy modified liquid medium (YNBg). A total of 110 Candida genus strains (50 C. albicans, 26 C. tropicalis, 15 C. glabrata, 8 C. parapsilosis, 8 C. krusei, 2 C. guilliermondii and 1 C. kefyr) from pathological clinical processes were used. The results of both techniques showed a statistically significant correlation that depended on the type of reading used in the liquid medium microdilution technique, with results being -0. 4199 with IC50; -5135 with IC90: -0.6634 with MIC24 h; and -0.4945 with MIC48 h. These values demonstrate the existence of a correlation for sertaconazole, and that it is bigger when it is compared with the logarithm of the MIC obtained after 24 hours of incubation.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Determination of the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinically important yeasts using the Sensititre system].

Using Sensititre (AccuMed, USA) we studied the in vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine against 250 clinical yeast isolates taken from different hospitals, including Candida (151 C. albicans, 15 C. krusei, 14 C. parapsilosis, 11 C. tropicalis, 10 C. glabrata, 4 C. guilliermondii, 3 C. rugosa, 2 C. viswanathii, 2 C. famata and 2 C. kefyr), Cryptococcus (32 C. neoformans and 1 C. laurentii), Trichosporon (2 isolates) and Rhodotorula rubra (1 isolate). All the strains were susceptible to amphotericin B and showed an MIC <1 mg/l. The susceptibility of C. albicans (MIC(90) <256 mg/l), C. krusei (MIC(90) <64 mg/l), C. glabrata (MIC(90) <64 mg/l) and C. neoformans (MIC(90) 32 mg/l) to fluconazole was lower (14% isolates being resistant and 16.8% susceptible depending on the dose). The largest number of strains resistant to itraconazole was observed in C. albicans and C. glabrata (17.2% resistant and 24% susceptible and susceptible depending on the dose, respectively). Ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine were not effective in vitro against 12.8% and 2%, respectively, of all the isolates studied. Nine C. krusei and seven C. neoformans (12.9%) showed dose-dependent susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1995

In-vitro antifungal activity of sertaconazole, econazole, and bifonazole against Candida spp.

The in-vitro activity of sertaconazole (7-chloro-3-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl- 1-yl)ethoxy-methyl] benzo[b] thiophene) was compared with that of econazole and bifonazole against 150 strains of yeasts which includes six Candida species. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by a microdilution technique in Sabouraud's liquid medium, (pH 5.6). Sertaconazole (arithmetic mean MIC 0.77 mg/L) was more active than econazole (MIC 1.75 mg/L) and bifonazole (MIC 9.05 mg/L). MIC values for sertaconazole were generally and specifically lower for each tested species, Candida parapsilosis being the most susceptible (MIC 0.31 mg/L), in contrast to Candida tropicalis, which had the highest MIC (1.67 mg/L).

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative in vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B and fluconazole.

Amphotericin B (AMB) is considered the gold standard in the treatment of serious systemic mycoses in spite of its nephrotoxicity and adverse effects. Association with lipids enables larger doses of AMB to be given with a longer t((1/2)) and C(max), without the toxic effects at lower concentrations. Liposome-encapsulated AMB shows a lower affinity for mammalian cells and improves V(d), thus decreasing toxicity. Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) is an AMB formulation associated with a biodegradable phospholipid matrix (5% molar) from which the drug is released by cell phospholipases. ABLC is recommended for serious mycoses refractory to conventional antifungal therapy or when AMB is contraindicated. We compared the in vitro antifungal activity of ABLC, AMB and fluconazole (FLZ) against 328 strains of clinically significant opportunistic fungi using a microdilution method (NCCLS, M-27A). 64.9% of the yeasts were inhibited by MIC of ABLC </= AMB resulting in a similar or slightly superior efficacy compared to AMB when tested against Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Effectiveness against C. krusei was lower for ABLC (5.99 microg/ml for ABLC, 1.58 microg/ml for AMB). However, for Aspergillus fumigatus, the activities of AMB and ABLC were 1.62 and 2.46 microg/ml, respectively; A. niger 0.72 microg/ml, 0.76 microg/ml (ABLC and AMB, respectively); A. clavatus, A. candidus, A. tenuissima, A. corymbifera and Exophiala jeanselmei, Scedosporium spp. and Miceliophtora spp. showed a low susceptibility to both AMB formulations. ABLC is a useful alternative to AMB or FLZ for the treatment of severe fungal infections, due to the broad spectrum of antifungal actions observed in this study.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro susceptibility of Candida dubliniensis to current and new antifungal agents.

BACKGROUND: Candida dubliniensis is a recently described Candida species closely related to Candida albicans, which has been associated with oral candidiasis in HIV-infected patients. Fluconazole-resistant strains of C. dubliniensis are easily obtained in vitro and this fact could be a complication if this resistance develops during treatment with this drug. METHODS: In the present study, the in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of 36 C. dubliniensis clinical isolates and culture strains to current and new antifungal agents, such as amphotericin B (AMB), amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD), 5-fluorocytosine (5FC), fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC), ketoconazole (KTC), liposomal amphoteri- cin B (LAMB), liposomal nystatin (LNYT), LY303366 (LY), SCH56592 (SCH), and voriconazole (VRC), were determined according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A broth microdilution method for yeasts. RESULTS: Most isolates of C. dubliniensis were susceptible to both new and current antifungal drugs, with 75.9% isolates susceptible to KTC, 86.2% to FLC and to ITC, and approximately 100% to the other antifungal agents tested. The cross-resistance phenotypes are detailed. Four isolates were resistant (MIC > or =64 microg/ml) to FLC. These 4 isolates were also resistant to KTC, and 3 of them were also resistant to ITC (MIC > or =1 microg/ml for both agents). However, these isolates were highly susceptible to 5FC and all polyene formulations (AMB, ABLC, ABCD, LAMB, and LNYT), triazole (SCH and VRC) and echinocandin (LY) antifungal agents. CONCLUSION: The new liposomal and lipidic formulations of AMB, LNYT, and the new triazoles and echinocandins may provide new alternatives to FLC for the treatment of infections by C. dubliniensis.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multicenter evaluation of ATB fungus: a standardized micromethod for yeast susceptibility testing.

The micromethod for yeast susceptibility testing, ATB Fungus, was evaluated with 30 reference strains in three laboratories. Ready-to-use strips with 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, nystatin, miconazole, econazole and ketoconazole were used. The test allowed the categorization of each strain as susceptible, intermediate or resistance to all the antifungals tested, and 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B MIC determination. The results were compared with the MIC for each reference strain obtained by a microdilution method on RPMI 1640 buffered with MOPS. The repeatability and intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibility were evaluated. ATB Fungus was a reliable and reproducible method with a repeatability of 96.6%, a reproducibility of 95.4% and showed an excellent correlation 91.7%) with reference MICs.

Antifungal Agents↗