Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A J Chaumont.
After a rape, women who are pregnant often elect to abort the fetus. The authors describe ten cases in which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing was performed on the aborted fetal material to provide evidence of the genetic constitution of the suspect. The problems encountered with this new technique are discussed.
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Toxicological analyses on a putrefied cadaver are sometimes difficult to perform because of the absence of blood and urine. In this study, fly larvae, being living material, are proposed as a new medium of investigation in forensic toxicology. Bromazepam and levomepromazine were identified and assayed in the remains of cerebral tissue, in the clavicle of a putrefied cadaver, and in the fly larvae found on and in the corpse.
The tissue distribution of dextromoramide was studied in rats after the intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mg/kg of the drug. The pattern of distribution was similar at 15, 30, 60 and 90 min, with the highest concentrations being found in the liver and the myocardium, while other organs were not able to concentrate dextromoramide.
Toxicological analyses on a putrefied cadaver are sometimes difficult to achieve because of the absence of blood and urine. In this study, maggots, living material, are proposed as a new medium of investigation in forensic medicine. Five drugs (triazolam, oxazepam, phenobarbital, alimemazine, and clomipramine) were identified and assayed in some tissues of a putrefied cadaver and in the maggots found on and in the body.
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A capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry assay has been developed for the determination of 6-monoacetylmorphine in human urine, which is a confirmatory marker of heroin abuse. It was extracted with chloroform-isopropanol-n-heptane (50:17:33, v/v) from alkalinized samples (pH 9.2), using levallorphan as the internal standard. After derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride, the drugs were separated on a 25-m capillary column BP 10 and detected by selected ion monitoring.
A capillary column gas chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of morphine, codeine, heroin, 3- and 6-monoacetylmorphine, nalorphine, naloxone, ethylmorphine, and naltrexone. The drugs were extracted from 2 ml plasma, urine, or other biological samples, including tissue under alkaline conditions in chloroform-isopropanol-n-heptane (50:17:33, v/v), with levallorphan as an internal standard. The drugs were extracted into acid and then reextracted into chloroform after the acid had been alkalinized. After derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride, an aliquot was injected into a 25m capillary column equipped with a nitrogen phosphorus detector. The lower limits of detectability, extraction recovery, and the within-run and day-to-day precision of results were determined for each drug. Our results indicate that the procedure is suitable for use in overdose screening and therapeutic drug monitoring.
A method is presented for the simultaneous identification and quantification of several CNS stimulants, including amphetamine in plasma and urine by GC/FID using mephentermine as an internal standard. No derivation is necessary and after a single alkaline extraction, GC analysis for the 11 compounds tested is achieved in 23 min. The lower limit of detectability was found to be 4 ng/ml for amphetamine in plasma. This method is sensitive, reproducible, selective and applicable in forensic and clinical toxicological analyses. Toxicological findings, after a fatality involving phendimetrazine are presented as an application of the procedure.
This article describes a selective gas chromatographic method for the resolution and quantification of phenoperidine and its two metabolites, pethidine (meperidine) and norpethidine (normeperidine). Drugs and SKF 525 A, the internal standard, are separated from plasma by solvent extraction under alkaline conditions. They are chromatographed on a 3% OV-17 Chromosorb Q glass column and detected with a nitrogen-phosphorous detector. Linearity is observed in the study range (5-200 ng/ml). No interference by endogenous substances is noted.
An assay using high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed for the determination of bromazepam in plasma. After a single-step extraction from basified samples with dichloromethane, using decarboxyloflazepate as an internal standard, samples were analysed using a reversed-phase Nova Pak 5-microns column with a mobile phase of methanol - phosphate buffer (60 + 40) adjusted to pH 7.6. The drugs were detected at 239 nm and the limit of detection was found to be 3 micrograms l-1 for bromazepam. The method is simple, rapid and sensitive and permits bromazepam levels in clinical and pharmacokinetic studies to be monitored.
A fatal case involving the suicidal ingestion of secobarbital, nitrazepam, and codeine is presented. The drugs were quantified using gas chromatography for codeine and high-performance liquid chromatography for the two other drugs. The blood concentrations of secobarbital, nitrazepam, and codeine were found to be 11.48, 1.72, and 0.036 microgram/ml, respectively. Results are discussed in the light of the existing literature.
Capillary gas chromatography with selective nitrogen detection was employed to quantify morphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine in biological fluids and tissues in five deaths attributed to heroin injection overdose. The minimum lethal concentration found was 0.021 micrograms morphine per ml of blood. In all cases, 6-monoacetylmorphine was identified in urine, confirming heroin abuse.
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A case of suicidal overdose from the ingestion of Palpipax (meprobamate and sparteine) is presented. The drugs were quantified in biological fluids and tissues using gas chromatography. The blood concentrations of meprobamate and sparteine were found to be 88.2 and 40.4 micrograms/ml, respectively. Results are discussed in the light of the existing literature.
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A method for the identification and quantification of dextromoramide in plasma by GC/NPD is presented. The procedure employs alfentanil as the internal standard and requires no derivatization. After a single-step extraction, analysis is performed on a 3% OV-17 Chromosorb Q glass column. The lower limit of detectability was found to be 2 ng/ml in plasma.