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A J Crowle

Publications and source records attributed to A J Crowle.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Identification of alpha1-lipoproteins in crossed immunoelectrophoresis.

Evans Blue dye binds selectively, but with different avidities, to five major antigens in human serum. The anodic mobility of the antigen-dye complexes is greater than that of the antigens alone in crossed immunoelectrophoresis, which is of practical value for identification. We used this characteristic to show that in some human sera there is a population of alpha1-lipoprotein molecules that migrates electrophoretically in the beta-lipoprotein region, where in conventional zone electrophoresis it could be mistaken for beta-lipoprotein. We also demonstrate that horses, unlike rabbits, rarely make precipitins to human serum alpha1-lipoprotein. Equine antiserum to human serum therefore generally is useless for detecting this important serum antigen in immunoelectrophoresis.

Evans Blue↗
PubMed1979

Anaphylaxis in the mouse--a model for using two-dimensional electroimmunodiffusion to study pathological changes in multiple serum proteins simultaneously.

Two-dimensional electroimmunodiffusion is rarely used in clinical chemistry, because its potentialities are not yet widely appreciated. Studying mouse anaphylaxis, we observed with this technique certain striking short- and long-term pathologic changes in several important serum antigens, which aptly demonstrate its uniqueness and potential clinical usefulness. We present some of these observations here, for illustration. We analyzed sera from CF-1 female mice that had been anaphylactically shocked with chicken conalbumin antigen and bled 45 min to 22 days afterward. In three separate experiments, with samples of serum being analyzed only once each, this technique easily and surely detected quantitative and (or) qualitative changes in several serum antigens. We discuss here the changes in 7S gamma1 immunoglobulin, C3 globulin, hemopexin, and alpha lipoprotein, and explain how some of these changes would have been difficult and others impossible to detect by currently routine tests. We urge the adoption of two-dimensional electroimmunodiffusion for frequent use in the clinical laboratory for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring pathological conditions.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1978

Resistance of SJL mice to immunosuppression by antibodies.

Immunosuppressive antisera that specifically inhibit induction of tuberculin-type delayed hypersensitivity in mice to the antigens chicken conalbumin and methylated human serum albumin were compared for activity in CF-1, CAF1, and SJL mice. These contrasensitizing antisera were effective in CF-1 and CAF1 mice of various ages. But in SJL mice they were ineffective if the animals were older than 8 weeks and were only moderately effective if the animals were younger. The antibodies of these antisera responsible for specific immunosuppression could be absorbed onto adherent peritoneal exudate cells taken from DAF1 but not SJL mice. They could be eluted from the CAF1 cells at 56 degrees C. These results and other data that are discussed suggest that SJL resistance to immunosuppression by contrasensitizing antibodies is related to a macrophage abnormality. The results also help explain earlier findings that SJL mice are unusually easy to sensitize and unusually resistant to tolerogenesis. This strain of mice should be especially useful for studying the mechanisms of afferent immunosuppression in immunologic enhancement-like forms of tolerance.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Identification and characterization of guinea-pig antibodies that contrasensitize in mice.

Immunological enhancement is a form of active immunoregulation in which humoral antibodies suppress primary sensitization or block reaction in sensitized animals. In mouse serum the antibodies that suppress sensitization in mice (allogeneic enhancement) are predominantly 7Sgamma1 and those that block reaction 7Sgamma2 globulins. But little is known about the identity of xenogeneic enhancing antibodies, e.g. guinea-pig antibodies that can suppress sensitization in mice. We have studied these here as specifically effective against induction of tuberculin-typed delayed hypersensitivity to chicken conalbumin antigen. Guinea-pigs required prolonged and intense immunization with conalbumin to produce readily measurable titres of such antibodies. Their capacity to suppress mouse sensitization was antigenically specific. Of the three major classes of antibodies separated from the immunosuppressive guinea-pig antisera, the IgG2 globulins were the most effective. These antibodies lost immunosuppressiveness if digested to either F(ab.)2 or Fab fragments that retained antigen-binding capacities. Thus, we provide here an example of xenogeneic antibody-mediated contrasensitization, show that only intact antibody molecules are effective, and demonstrate that immunosuppressiveness is concentrated in different immunoglobulin classes for xeno- and allogeneically used antisera.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An improved stain for immunodiffusion tests.

We describe an improved immunodiffusion stain using trichloroacetic acid to mordant dying by Crocein scarlet. Background is readily cleared without over-destaining using 0.3% acetic acid.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗