Direct MR arthrography: a review of current use.
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Ankle Joint↗
Biomedical subjects
A J Grainger
Publications and source records attributed to A J Grainger.
Routine thin slice MRI effectively demonstrates the lumbar pars interarticularis.
Campbell, R. S. D. and Grainger, A. J. (2000). Clinical Radiology55, 984.
Humans↗
MR appearances of the locked knee.
This review illustrates the MR appearances of commonly encountered problems that can present as a "locked knee", as well as several unusual causes. Internal derangement of menisci, particularly bucket handle tears, predominate. Loose bodies as a result of trauma/degeneration and lesions such as cysts of the cruciate ligaments and focal pigmented villonodular synovitis are also illustrated. While meniscal tears are the major cause of "locked knee" in clinical practice, interference with normal knee kinematics is non-specific with regard to the diagnosis. Emphasis is therefore given to less frequently seen abnormalities that lead to a mechanical block of knee extension.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗
MR anatomy of the subcoracoid bursa and the association of subcoracoid effusion with tears of the anterior rotator cuff and the rotator interval.
OBJECTIVE: We describe the MR anatomy of the subcoracoid bursa and findings associated with subcoracoid effusion. CONCLUSION: Fluid in the subcoracoid space, revealed on MR imaging of the shoulder, may lie in the subcoracoid bursa or the subscapularis recess (both structures can be distinguished with MR imaging). In our patients, subcoracoid effusions were often associated with anterior rotator cuff tears, including tears of the rotator interval.
Adult↗
Sonographic findings in the anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.
This report details previously undescribed sonographic findings in the anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. Loss of muscle bulk, increased reflectivity, reduced perfusion on Doppler sonography, and lack of active contraction of the affected muscles were observed. These findings can aid in the localization of the pathologic process and in the exclusion of tendon rupture. Dynamic observation of muscle function and Doppler changes after exercise can also help identify the muscles involved. Both sonography and MRI may be useful in the evaluation of patients with the anterior interosseous nerve syndrome and other peripheral neuropathies.
Adult↗
Optimization of MRI pulse sequences to visualize the normal pars interarticularis.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a potentially useful means of detecting acute pars stress fractures. However, recent publications have highlighted the deficiencies of routine MRI in evaluating the pars interarticularis. Twenty-nine volunteers underwent thin section, multi-planar MR examinations of the lumbar spine to evaluate whether the normal pars could be more reliably demonstrated. MRI examinations were performed with sagittal and reserve angle oblique axial T1W images, and also 3D sagittal gradient echo images with reverse angle reconstructions. Sagittal STIR images were also acquired in 14 cases. Two hundred and ninety pars were evaluated, of which 66% were deemed definitely intact (type I) on the sagittal T1W images alone (continuous marrow throughout the pars). However 93% were deemed intact when all images were reviewed together. The majority of pars defects occur at L4/L5, and 74% of these were intact on the sagittal T1W sequence alone, and 90% on combined sequences. Eighteen pars (6%) were considered to be hypointense (type II) after review of all sequences, but appeared otherwise intact. One volunteer had bilateral definite pars defects (type IV) at L5 on all sequences. This study indicates that improved visualization of the normal pars interarticularis can be achieved with optimized MRI.
Adolescent↗
CT of unusual nasal masses.
This pictorial review illustrates the CT appearances of unusual nasal masses and the possibility of offering a correct diagnosis in some cases but a reliance on histology in others where radiology can only offer a differential diagnosis.
Cysts↗
Post-traumatic bone cyst: a case of the floating fragment.
We report a case of an intraosseous foreign body leading to the formation of a bone cyst. The cyst was identified 20 years after the initial injury and was found to contain the foreign body. No infection was found.
Adult↗
The ultrasound appearances of scrotal oedema.
Ultrasound has been shown to be a useful tool in the investigation of both acute and chronic scrotal conditions. We describe the ultrasound appearances of scrotal oedema with different aetiologies. A total of eight patients with scrotal oedema resulting from a variety of conditions, including heart failure, idiopathic lymphoedema, hepatic failure and lymphatic and venous obstruction, underwent ultrasound of the scrotum to determine the appearances common to each case. In all cases, similar appearances of a thickened scrotal wall with an 'onion' like appearance surrounding normal testicles was seen. The scrotal wall had a jelly like texture. Awareness of the typical appearances of scrotal oedema on ultrasound and a knowledge of its causes is helpful in distinguishing it from other causes of a swollen scrotum.
Adult↗
Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome: appearance at MR imaging in three cases.
Three patients with symptoms attributable to anterior interosseous nerve syndrome underwent forearm magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In all patients, short inversion time inversion-recovery, or STIR, images depicted increased signal intensity from some or all muscle groups innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve. In one patient, atrophy was depicted in these muscles. MR imaging may serve as a useful adjunct to electromyography in the investigation of anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.
Adult↗
Lung abscess complicating chondromas in Carney's syndrome.
Carney's syndrome consists of a combination of three rare tumours: gastric leiomyosarcoma, pulmonary chondroma and catecholamine-secreting paraganglioma. We describe a young woman with Carney's syndrome, who developed a lung abscess, due to obstruction of a bronchus by a chondroma, 11 yrs after having had a partial gastrectomy for a leiomyosarcoma.
Adult↗
The correlation of the radiologic extent of lung transplantation edema with pulmonary oxygenation.
OBJECTIVE: The study set out to evaluate the relationship between the efficiency of pulmonary oxygenation and the extent of the reimplantation response as revealed on chest radiography after bilateral lung transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postoperative chest radiographs of 31 patients who had undergone bilateral lung transplantation were evaluated for the extent of the reimplantation response. For each patient, the contemporaneous oxygenation indexes (partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood divided by fraction of inspired oxygen) were calculated and correlated with a radiographic score produced from the evaluation of chest radiographs. RESULTS: The method of evaluating chest radiographs for the extent of the reimplantation response was shown to be reproducible. Although mean oxygenation indexes were found to decrease with increasing radiographic scores, this trend was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Although the extent of the reimplantation response on the early postoperative chest radiography inversely correlated with the oxygenation efficiency of the transplanted lungs, this finding was not statistically significant.
Adult↗