Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A J Griffin.
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed an acute intrahepatic cholestasis after 100 mg of sodium aurothiomalate. Hepatotoxicity in rheumatoid arthritis is well described following a variety of anti-inflammatory preparations but is now a rare complication of gold therapy and the literature on the subject is reviewed.
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A double-blind cross-over study is being undertaken in fifty patients with "definite" rheumatoid arthritis, comparing ketoprofen (2-(3-phenylbenzoyl proprionic acid) 75 mg daily orally and 100 mg suppository at night with indomethacin in the same dosage. A pilot study of twenty-four patients has been completed, fifteen having finished the trial. The objective assessment of grip strength and articular index were comparable with the two drugs, but subjective assessment showed that relief of early morning stiffness was better with indomethacin, although pain relief was no different. Evidence so far available shows that ketoprofen is a useful anti-inflammatory analgesic drug which is well tolerated and that the use of a suppository may be helpful in a few patients who find the oral route unacceptable. A larger study is necessary to evaluate finally the use of a combined administration.
Comparison of maintenance injections of sodium aurothiomalate given at two-week or four-week intervals revealed no significant clinical or radiological differences over a six-month period. Higher serum gold levels were achieved with the more frequent injections and these were associated with a more pronounced fall of ESR during maintenance therapy. Whether this has any special implications for the subsequent progress of patients treated by the two regimes remains to be determined.
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The branchial warts on the endopodites of the gills are covered with goblet-shaped cuticular appendages, whose internal structure shows them to be chemoreceptors. The innervated goblets have a cuticular tubule that connects an external pore through their hollow interior with the epidermal sensillum. Associated sensory neurons give rise to small axons that pass through a synaptic plexus below the epidermis. The sense organs seem specialized for sampling the exhalent water current.
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An ocellus of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, has been serially sectioned for light and electron microscopy, its sensory cells have been indexed, and the interconnections of a third of these traced. The ocellus contains 155 retinula cells and 26 arhabdomeric cells, which are secondary sensory neurons. Of these, 55 retinula cells constitute 7 quasi-ommatidial assemblages, each innervated by at least one and a total of 9 arhabdomeric cells. When known electrotonic coupling patterns are compared with gap-junctional connections, retinula cells sensitive to visible or ultraviolet light can be tentatively identified. Retinula cell axons contribute collaterals to a synaptic plexus, in which the arhabdomeric cells apparently do not participate.
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