A modified electrocardiographic algorithm for differentiating typical atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia mediated by concealed accessory pathway.
Non-invasive prediction of tachycardia mechanism is becoming clinically important in the era of catheter ablation for curing supraventricular tachycardia. Twelve-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) during sinus rhythm and atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) or atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) with a narrow QRS complex were obtained from 154 consecutive adult patients who had received successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. The ECGs of initial 104 patients were analysed by three observers without knowledge of the electrophysiological diagnosis. The two arrhythmias were accurately diagnosed in 68% of cases. Three criteria were found to be discriminators of tachycardia mechanism by univariable analysis. Pseudo r/Q/S waves predicated AVNRT in 92% of cases (sensitivity 71%; specificity 95%). Retrograde P wave predicated AVRT in 86% of cases (sensitivity 75%; specificity 85%), RP interval > or =100 ms in 93% (sensitivity 71%; specificity 94%) and ST-segment elevation in lead aVR in 83% (sensitivity 71%; specficity 83%). According to the initial results, we proposed a modified stepwise ECG algorithm which used pseudo r/S/Q waves, RP interval and ST-segment elevation in lead aVR during tachycardia. Two observers assessed the modified algorithm in the remaining 50 patients. The algorithm was able to correctly diagnose the tachycardia mechanism in 84% and 87%, respectively. Using the modified algorithm can improve the accuracy and simplify the differential diagnosis between typical AVNRT and AVRT via concealed accessory pathway in adult patients.