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Biomedical subjects

A J Schwartz

Publications and source records attributed to A J Schwartz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

So you want to publish in JACH? How to avoid some potholes and pitfallls and make it into print.

Many college health professionals are intimidated at the thought of submitting an article to the Journal of American College Health. In this article, the editors provide details about the scope of the journal, describe types of articles it publishes, warn about common errors authors sometimes make in writing and submitting manuscripts for publication, and outline the steps in the review process.

Periodicals as Topic↗
PubMed1995

Replacement therapy with imiglucerase for type 1 Gaucher's disease.

Gaucher's disease, the most common sphingolipidosis, is caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Therapy with alglucerase (the placental enzyme) is safe and effective at various dosing regimens. We report the use of low-dose imiglucerase (the recombinant enzyme) at two dosing schedules: 15 u/kg once fortnightly or 2.5 u/kg thrice weekly. Mean reductions in spleen and liver volumes achieved (in all ten patients) by imiglucerase at 12 months were 36.4% and 14.5%, respectively; mean increase in haemoglobin and platelet counts were 13.4% and 25.7%. There were no serious side-effects. No significant differences were observed between the two schedules. Low-dose low-frequency imiglucerase may be an alternative cost-effective approach with satisfactory clinical response and uncompromised quality of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors depress norepinephrine constriction of rat abdominal, but not thoracic, aorta.

Experiments were done on aortic rings (thoracic and abdominal) from young and retired breeder Lewis and Sprague-Dawley male rats. Constriction responses to norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and prostaglandin F2 alpha, were done +/- the cyclooxygenase blockers, indomethacin or mefenamic acid. Indomethacin significantly depressed norepinephrine constriction in abdominal (but not thoracic) aorta of all groups. In additional studies of abdominal aorta from Lewis retired breeders, indomethacin and mefenamic acid depressed norepinephrine (but not 5-HT or prostaglandin F2 alpha) construction. Furthermore, indomethacin depressed norepinephrine constriction in vessels denuded of endothelial cells. The thromboxane receptor antagonist SQ 29548 did not alter norepinephrine constriction. Thus, in rat abdominal aorta, norepinephrine constriction is mediated by a constrictor prostanoid of vascular smooth muscle origin that is not thromboxane A2.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1994

Dirofilaria immitis: depression of endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine femoral artery seen in vivo does not persist in vitro.

In heartworm-infected dogs, circulating filarial factors appear to be responsible for the seasonal depression of endothelium-dependent responses seen in the in vivo femoral artery. The effect of heartworm infection on vascular responses of the femoral artery in vitro, when the vessel is not constantly exposed to circulating factors, is unknown. Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that in vivo exposure to circulating filarial factors leads to changes in the magnitude and mechanism of endothelium-dependent relaxation that are demonstrable in vitro. Rings of femoral artery from heartworm-infected and noninfected control dogs were suspended in muscle baths, and dose-response relationships to endothelium-dependent (methacholine) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilators were done. To determine the mechanism of relaxation, dose-response relationships were also done in the presence of an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase (methylene blue), or an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (mefenamic acid). Heartworm infection did not depress endothelium-dependent relaxation of the femoral artery in vitro. Furthermore, the mechanism of relaxation in heartworm and control femoral artery is identical. These data suggest that the effect of circulating filarial factors that alter the magnitude and mechanism of relaxation in systemic vessels in heartworm-infected dogs rapidly disappears in their absence. This results has important bearing on the dynamics of heartworm-induced pathophysiological changes during infection and could influence the nature and chronology of responses to therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Perianesthetic considerations for the elderly patient.

The principles that guide the perianesthetic management of the elderly patient are the same as those used for all patients. What makes the care of this group challenging is not learning a new set of principles, but rather understanding the specific application of these guidelines to the unique traits of elderly patients. Only then is it possible to avoid complications that the elderly patient has very little margin of reserve to deal with.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Research in college health. 4: Analyzing and communicating results.

The final article in this series on research in college health deals with the analysis and communication of research data. The authors introduce descriptive and inferential statistics and summarize the applicability of different types of statistical analysis to college health research. Two major means of conveying results, conference presentations and journal articles, are also described and some guidelines for the effective communication of findings are offered.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Levels and causes of stress among residents.

Medical and dental residents at the University of Rochester Medical Center were surveyed to measure stress and its causes. Their stress, as measured by the brief symptom inventory, showed levels slightly above those of an adult comparison group. The average levels of stress decreased with the residents' advancing levels of training. Comparison of the top quartile with the lowest quartile of scores of everyday stress showed significantly elevated stress for rotations in the emergency room, greater frequency of being on call, and lesser amount of sleep. The residents' reports showed that the bleakest three days of residency tended to occur in the first year and during intensive care rotations. Stress during these bleakest times was significantly higher than everyday levels. The residents described the major causes of distress during bleakest times as lack of sleep, inadequate support from senior professionals, large patient load, and competition from peers. "High quality" teaching rounds, a night-float system, and sick leave were felt by the residents to lessen stress. To cope with the stress, the residents reported they talked to others, tried to see humor in the situation, or slept.

Adaptation, Psychological↗