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Biomedical subjects

A J Tuyns

Publications and source records attributed to A J Tuyns.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A comparative study of smoking, drinking and dietary habits in population samples in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. II. Tobacco smoking.

This paper describes the smoking habits of six populations in France, Switzerland, Italy and Spain. A total of 2,965 men and 2,369 women have been interviewed. The proportion of ever smoking men is almost the same (75 to 80%) everywhere but in Geneva and Calvados a higher proportion of smokers quitted the habit (over 30%). In females, on the contrary, the prevalences of ever smokers is higher in Torino (42%) and Geneva (36%) than in Spain (25%) and Calvados (19%). Young females, however, tend to smoke more and intercountry differences tend to disappear. In both sexes successive generations begin to smoke earlier. Exclusive use of black tobacco is still very high in Calvados (90%) and Navarra (80%) whilst it tends to disappear in Italy (30%). Plain cigarettes decrease everywhere, especially in Spain and Varese, but they are still smoked by the majority of men in Calvados. The results suggest that the tobacco epidemic is still increasing in those areas where it began more recently.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A comparative study of smoking, drinking and dietary habits in population samples in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. I. Study design and dietary habits.

Diet, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and occupational histories have been investigated in stratified random samples of the adult population in 6 areas in France (departement of Calvados), Italy (province of Varese and city of Torino), Spain (provinces of Navarra and Zaragoza) and Switzerland (canton of Geneva), to be used as a reference group in a case-control study on cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx. Out of a total of 8,074 sampled subjects, 5,564 could be interviewed. Sampling procedures are described, and reasons for non-response are analysed. Everywhere the intake of the 4 energy providing nutrients (particularly alcohol) was much greater in men than in women. In both sexes, total caloric intake was higher in Calvados and in Italy than elsewhere. There were wide inter-area variations in the consumption of butter + milk products and oils, resulting in a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio ranging from 0.27 in Calvados to 0.54-0.65 in Spain. Among nutrients suggested to be involved in cancer aetiology, inter-area differences in daily intake were up to 3-fold for carotene and smaller for vitamin C and fibre. The proportion of lipids, fibres, vitamin C and carotene provided by different foods varied widely between areas, thus suggesting that in etiological cancer studies consideration should be given not only to nutrients but also to foods providing them.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A comparative study of smoking, drinking and dietary habits in population samples in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. III. Consumption of alcohol.

Individual present and life time intake of aethanol has been studied in population samples of six areas of Italy (Torino, Varese), Spain (Navarra, Zaragoza), Switzerland (Geneva) and France (Calvados); 2,965 men and 2,369 women were interviewed. Abstinent men were no more than 4% except in Zaragoza (11.5%); 49 to 61% drank between 20 and 80 g. aethanol a day and 21 to 26% more than 80 g. (36% in Navarra). Women drank much less and were more often abstinent: 50 to 94% of them did not drink or drank less than 20 g. a day. Wine was the most commonly consumed beverage (over 60% of total alcohol intake), except in Calvados where cider was still largely consumed (over 30%). Such differences in drinking habits by sex and region are of major public health importance. They do not appear in national sales statistics which must be complemented by surveys on individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cancer risks derived from alcohol.

Most cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract are related to alcohol consumption. For the mouth, oesophagus and larynx a positive dose-response relationship has been observed, as well as a combination effect with tobacco smoking--according to a multiplicative model in the case of the oesophagus. Nutritional factors also play a role. For other cancer sites, the role of alcohol is controversial, except for primary liver cancer which often develops on a cirrhotic liver. The mechanisms by which alcohol increases cancer risk are still obscure. It is not considered to be a carcinogen by itself but rather as a co-carcinogen, facilitating or enhancing the role of other carcinogens. Another mechanism might be the induction of microsomal enzymes activating pro-carcinogens. As in the case for smoking, prevention can be achieved by abstention or reduction of consumption. This has to be considered seriously in countries where alcohol consumption is increasing.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

Diet and esophageal cancer in Calvados (France).

The role of nutrients and food factors in relation to esophageal cancer was observed in a large case-control study in a region having a high incidence of the disease. Several factors that increased or decreased the risk were identified. After adjusting for other covariates, we found that animal proteins and polyunsaturated fats had a significant protective effect. Separating the effects of specific nutrients was difficult because of the intercorrelation between individual intakes of most nutrients. Foods were not so highly intercorrelated. Fresh meat, citrus fruits, and oil were found to be protective. A dietary index combining these foods was used; between the lowest and the highest levels of intake, a nine-fold difference in risk was observed. This effect is added to that of alcohol, which remains the major risk factor. The adequacy of the concepts of nutrients and foods in epidemiological studies is discussed in addition to the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1987

Colorectal cancer and the intake of nutrients: oligosaccharides are a risk factor, fats are not. A case-control study in Belgium.

A case-control study was carried out in the populations of two Belgian provinces that differed in food consumption habits, particularly fat intake. There were 453 colonic and 365 rectal cancer cases and 2,851 population controls. There were no significant differences in the average intake of the major nutrients, with the exception of carbohydrates; patients had a larger intake, limited to oligosaccharides. In both provinces, in males and females having cancer of the colon or the rectum, the intake of linoleic acid was lower than among controls; for dietary fibers, a smaller intake was observed among patients in one province. The relative risks were computed for four levels of daily intake of each nutrient. A positive trend was found for oligosaccharides in all subgroups, and a negative trend was found for polysaccharides, the latter for colon cancer patients only. There was a constant and significant negative trend for linoleic acid, with a similar negative trend for dietary fiber. None of these trends were affected by further adjustment for total calorie intake. For several vitamins and minerals, less marked, less constant effects were observed. They tended to be negative for vitamin B1, vitamin B6, and iron; they were positive for retinol and vitamin B2.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A case-control study on colorectal cancer in Belgium. Preliminary results.

Preliminary results of a case-control study in two Belgium provinces, involving 1207 cases of colorectal cancer and 3521 population controls are reported. An excess risk of colon cancer was associated with low intake of calories, proteins and lipids. High intake of vitamin B, vitamin C and fibres had a protective effect on both colon and rectal cancer. When foods were examined, most vegetables were found to have protective virtues, noticeable in all subgroups.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Results of a dietary survey in the Calvados. Dietary intake, tobacco and alcohol consumption].

A survey on individual nutritional intake was conducted in a representative sample of 1,975 people in the French province of Calvados using a dietary history method. The energy ration (2,964 kcal/d in males, 2,148 kcal/d in females) was found to exceed the recommended allowances by 150 kcal/d in women and by 300 kcal/d in men, corresponding to alcohol consumption. The trends observed were similar to those seen elsewhere in France and other developed countries: a diet with a high proportion (41-43 p. 100) of lipids and saturated fatty acids (16-18 p. 100) mainly due to reduced consumption of vegetable foods; a high intake of cholesterol (513-422 mg) and a low ration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (3.9-4.5 p. 100) leading to a high risk of vascular diseases, particularly of the coronary arteries. The high intake of alcohol may be responsible for the high incidence of alcohol-related diseases, possibly in association with tobacco. The intake of vitamins and minerals was adequate, with the exception of iron, which was below the recommended allowance for females. In contrast with common belief, the dietary energy intake increased when alcohol consumption increased in both sexes. For tobacco, the energy ration decreased moderately in females only with increasing consumption; no relationship was observed in males.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Cancer of the esophagus induced in the Wistar rat by ethyl-N-butyl-nitrosamine].

OEsophageal papillomas and carcinomas have been induced in Wistar rats using Ethyl-N-Butyl-Nitrosamine. None of those lesions were observed in a previous experiment on the same rats strains, with ethanol and apple brandy. Experimentally induced tumours in the rat are different from oesophageal cancers and associated mucous lesions in man. Both upper digestive mucosae are only similar in regards to their response to carcinogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Oesophageal cancer in non-smoking drinkers and in non-drinking smokers.

Alcohol and tobacco are the two major risk factors for cancer of the oesophagus; they usually combine their action. The action of each factor is studied here in non-users of the other. Among non-drinking male smokers the relative risk is higher than 5; among non-smoking drinkers, risks are much higher and increase with average daily intake; this effect is also observed in females, with risk values of the same order of magnitude as for males. Thus the high sex ratio of oesophageal cancer in France can be entirely ascribed to different drinking levels in females and in males.

Alcohol Drinking↗