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Biomedical subjects

A J van Winkelhoff

Publications and source records attributed to A J van Winkelhoff.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Occurrence of Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in severe periodontitis in relation to age and treatment history.

A total of 242 subjects including 138 untreated severe periodontitis patients and 104 patients with refractory periodontal disease, previously treated for severe periodontitis, were examined for the occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius. Pooled subgingival samples of representative periodontal lesions were used for anaerobic cultivation on blood agar and for the enumeration of A. actinomycetemcomitans on selective TSBV medium. 97% of the untreated patients were infected with one or more of the test micro-organisms. In this patient group, the occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. gingivalis and B. intermedius was 54%, 48% and 63%, respectively. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans positive patients appeared to be age related and decreased with increasing age. Likewise, the number of patients solely infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans decreased with increasing age. The prevalence of B. gingivalis infected patients appeared to increase with increasing age. These phenomena were not observed in the refractory periodontitis patients. The occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. gingivalis and B. intermedius in the refractory periodontitis group was 55%, 27% and 59%, respectively. A statistical significant difference in the prevalence of B. gingivalis was found between the untreated and the refractory periodontitis patients. In both patient groups, the relative proportion of A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly higher in subjects with this bacterium as the sole indicator micro-organism than in patients who, besides being infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans, were also infected with black-pigmented Bacteroides species. Furthermore, in comparison with untreated patients, unsuccessfully treated patients solely infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans had on average a lower number but also a higher mean % of this bacterium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1990

Microbiology in diagnosis and treatment of severe periodontitis. A report of four cases.

The purpose of this report is to illustrate the use of microbiology in the diagnosis and treatment in four cases of severe adult periodontitis. All four patients were subgingivally infected with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans which was the basis for an adjunct minocycline therapy. Scaling and root planing plus minocycline were not able to establish a clinically stable periodontal condition. A. actinomycetemcomitans was not eliminated from the pockets in any of the patients. Good clinical and microbiological results were obtained after continuous conventional treatment with an adjunct therapy of metronidazole plus amoxycillin. With a 7 day course of this antibiotic therapy, the pockets of all four patients became free of A. actinomycetemcomitans and were still negative on repeated sampling on recall visits. Microbiological monitoring of severe periodontitis in adults seems to be a valuable adjunct to clinical examination. Furthermore, effective antibiotic therapy in A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis appears of paramount importance in obtaining a stable periodontal situation.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1990

[Microbiological aspects in the treatment planning of periodontal disease].

A large number of bacterial species are found in the periodontal pocket. It has been shown that the composition of the subgingival microbiota can differ significantly between individual pockets in one patient, as well as between different subjects. These different types of microfloras can be characterized by indicator bacteria. These indicator bacteria are strongly associated with active periodontal breakdown. Therefore, these microorganisms can be useful in the periodontal treatment of individual patients. It also supports the use of antibiotics in specific forms of periodontal disease. The application of microbiological data in diagnosis and treatment planning in four severe periodontitis patients is illustrated.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1989

Metronidazole plus amoxycillin in the treatment of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis.

The potential use of an adjunctive therapy of metronidazole plus amoxycillin for the subgingival elimination of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis patients was investigated. 22 patients participated in this study, 11 with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) and 11 with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). 14 patients had received periodontal treatment in the past. All patients were subgingivally infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans. After mechanical subgingival debridement in combination with the antibiotic treatment, elimination of A. actinomycetemcomitans was achieved in all patients but one. With this one exception, clinical improvements were observed in all patients, resulting in reduced pocket probing depths as well as in a significant reduction in bleeding on probing. Re-examination of 16 patients after 9-11 months revealed that A. actinomycetemcomitans was still undetectable and further clinical improvement was observed. It was concluded that the combination of metronidazole plus amoxycillin is a valuable adjunct to mechanical therapy in A. actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontal infections.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1989

The prevention of oral complications in bone-marrow transplantations by means of oral hygiene and dental intervention.

Oral complications cause morbidity and mortality in patients, undergoing allogeneic or autologous bone-marrow transplantation. The clinical features and the pathogenesis of the oral sequelae of bone marrow ablative therapy and graft-versus-host disease are discussed. In addition, a preventive oral care procedure before, during and after bone-marrow transplantation is proposed.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1988

Microbial succession in recolonizing deep periodontal pockets after a single course of supra- and subgingival debridement.

In the present study, the effect of supra and subgingival plaque debridement on the dynamics of the subgingival microflora in deep pockets was investigated. 8 adult periodontitis patients participated in the study. In each patient, 4 clinically diseased sites were investigated microbiologically by phase contrast microscopy for the determination of both the %s as well as the total numbers of spirochetes and motile rods and by anaerobic cultivation for the determination of the different black-pigmented Bacteroides species. After base-line examination, patients were treated by mechanical removal of supra- and subgingival plaque deposits. 2 and 8 weeks after treatment, clinical and microbiological parameters were re-evaluated. During the experimental period, no oral hygiene procedures were performed in order to achieve fast recolonization of the pockets. Treatment resulted in a significant reduction in probing pocket depth and gain of probing attachment. 2 weeks after treatment, no further improvements could be observed. A positive correlation was found between the reduction in probing pocket depth and decrease in Bacteroides gingivalis (P less than 0.009) and between gain in probing attachment and reduction in the % of B. gingivalis (P less than 0.009). No correlation between these clinical parameters and B. intermedius, spirochetes or motile rods was apparent. An inverse relationship between B. gingivalis and B. intermedius was observed. We found that changes in %s of spirochetes and motile rods are not correlated with changes in total numbers of these bacterial groups. It was concluded that monitoring of %s of micro-organisms may not supply rational information on the microbiological conditions of the subgingival area.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The role of black-pigmented Bacteroides in human oral infections.

Today, 10 black-pigmented Bacteroides (BPB) species are recognized. The majority of these species can be isolated from the oral cavity. BPB species are involved in anaerobic infections of oral and non-oral sites. In the oral cavity, BPB species are associated with gingivitis, periodontitis, endodontal infections and odontogenic abscesses. Cultural studies suggest a specific role of the various BPB species in the different types of infection. Bacteroides gingivalis is closely correlated with destructive periodontitis in adults as well as in juveniles. Bacteroides intermedius seems to be less specific since it is found in gingivitis, periodontitis, endodontal infections and odontogenic abscesses. The recently described Bacteroides endodontalis is closely associated with endodontal infections and odontogenic abscesses of endodontal origin. There are indications that these periodontopathic BPB species are only present in the oral cavity of subjects suffering from periodontal breakdown, being absent on the mucosal surfaces of subjects without periodontal breakdown. BPB species associated with healthy oral conditions are Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides denticola and Bacteroides loescheii. There are indications that these BPB species are part of the normal indigenous oral microflora. Many studies in the past have documented the pathogenic potential and virulence of BPB species. This virulence can be explained by the large numbers of virulence factors demonstrated in this group of micro-organisms. Among others, the proteolytic activity seems to be one of the most important features. Several artificial substrates as well as numerous biological proteins are degraded. These include anti-inflammatory proteins such as alpha-2-macroglobulin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, C3 and C5 complement factors and immunoglobulins. B. gingivalis is by far the most proteolytic species, followed by B. endodontalis. Like other bacteria, the lipopolysaccharide of B. gingivalis has shown to be active in bone resorption in vitro and is capable in stimulating interleukin-1 production in human peripheral monocytes. Based on the well documented association with periodontal disease and the possession of relevant virulence factors, BPB species must be considered as important micro-organisms in the etiology of oral infections. B. gingivalis seems to be the most pathogenic and virulent species.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1988

Rapid characterization of oral and nonoral pigmented Bacteroides species with the ATB Anaerobes ID system.

The ATB Anaerobes ID system (API SYSTEM, La Balme Les Grottes, France) was evaluated for its ability to differentiate between species of the pigmented Bacteroides group. This identification system is based on the degradation of chromogenic substrates in combination with sugar fermentation reactions. The results showed that the ATB system can be useful for differentiation between the 10 pigmented Bacteroides species. However, additional tests may be necessary.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1986

Enzymatic characterization of oral and non-oral black-pigmented Bacteroides species.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the production of various enzymes by oral and non-oral black-pigmented Bacteroides species using chromogenic substrates. The 19 substrates present in the API ZYM system did not differentiate between B. melaninogenicus, B. denticola, B. loescheii and B. levii. The asaccharolytic black-pigmented Bacteroides species showed each species specific enzyme activity, however, differences were based on one enzyme only as far as B. asaccharolyticus and B. endodontalis are concerned. An extended number of 40 chromogenic substrates were tested in order to find more species specific enzyme. With a set of 20 substrates it appeared to be possible to discriminate between all species tested. The possibility to use enzymes for the identification of black-pigmented Bacteroides is discussed.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1986

Serological characterization of black-pigmented Bacteroides endodontalis.

Serological studies on the black-pigmented Bacteroides species B. endodontalis revealed three serotypes based on capsular determinants. A common antigen (O-antigen) could be demonstrated after decapsulation. Weak cross-reactivity was found with B. asaccharolyticus, but not with B. gingivalis. Similarity between the serology of Enterobacteriaceae and black-pigmented Bacteroides spp. is discussed.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of two selective media for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

Two selective media, malachite green-bacitracin (MGB) agar and tryptic soy-serum-bacitracin-vancomycin (TSBV) agar, were compared for the isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The highest recovery was found on TSBV agar plates cultured in air-5% CO2 both for plaque samples from periodontal pockets and for pure cultures.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1985

Bacteroides endodontalis and other black-pigmented Bacteroides species in odontogenic abscesses.

Twenty-eight odontogenic abscesses were examined for the presence of black-pigmented Bacteroides spp. Of the 28 samples, 26 were found to contain one or more species of black-pigmented Bacteroides. Abscesses were divided into three categories according to the tissue of origin: endodontal, periodontal, and pericoronal. Four abscesses which developed after extraction were also examined. It was found that Bacteroides endodontalis, a newly described species of asaccharolytic black-pigmented Bacteroides, was isolated almost exclusively from periapical abscesses of endodontal origin. B. intermedius proved to be the most frequently isolated species in all of the samples. B. gingivalis was present in all of the periodontal abscesses studied, as well as in two endodontal abscesses. B. melaninogenicus was recovered once from a pericoronal abscess. Precautions for the isolation of B. endodontalis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Further characterization of Bacteroides endodontalis, an asaccharolytic black-pigmented Bacteroides species from the oral S cavity.

In this study, the isolation, characterization, and identification of Bacteroides endodontalis is described. It was found that this asaccharolytic black-pigmented Bacteroides species is associated with infected dental root canals and oral submucous abscesses. B. endodontalis could be differentiated from B. gingivalis by a negative direct hemagglutination test and the absence of trypsin and N-acetyl-beta-glucosamidase. B. endodontalis could be differentiated from B. asaccharolyticus by the absence of alpha-fucosidase, its inability to grow in an atmosphere of 95% N2-5% H2, and a growth requirement for menadione. Immune serum raised against B. endodontalis strain HG 370T agglutinated only B. endodontalis cells. Precautions for the isolation of B. endodontalis are discussed.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1984

Pathogenic synergy: mixed infections in the oral cavity.

In almost all infections in the oral cavity, mixed populations of bacteria are present. However, recent evidence points to a certain specificity in these infections: Streptococcus mutans is related to caries and black-pigmented Bacteroides species are suspected pathogens in periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases, endodontic infections and submucous abscesses in the oral cavity are probably mixed infections in which anaerobic bacteria together with facultatives or other anaerobes are present. In experimental mixed anaerobic infections black-pigmented Bacteroides strains have been shown to play a key role. Little is known about the pathogenic synergy between the bacteria involved in mixed infections. Important mechanisms could be nutritional interrelationships and interactions with the host defense. Within the group of black-pigmented Bacteroides B. gingivalis seems to be the most virulent species. These bacteria possess a great number of virulence factors, which might be important in the pathogenesis of oral infections.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1983

Vancomycin as a selective agent for isolation of Bacteroides species.

Thirty saccharolytic and asaccharolytic black-pigmented Bacteroides strains were tested for their susceptibility to vancomycin. All asaccharolytic strains appeared to be partly or completely inhibited at a concentration of 7.5 micrograms/ml, whereas most saccharolytic strains were resistant to this concentration. The use of vancomycin in Bacteroides selective media is discussed.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1980

Cowdria ruminantium (Rickettsiales) in primary goat kidney cell cultures.

Fresh or cryopreserved kidney tissue from goats suffering from heart water (Cowdria ruminantium infection) was infective when inoculated intravenously into susceptible goats. Primary kidney cell cultures were established from 14 goats reacting to C ruminantium infection; they were tested for infectivity by intravenous injection into susceptible goats after periods varying from five to 31 days. Three cultures, five, 12 and 13 days old, induced heartwater in recipients. The other 11 cultures, varying in age from six to 31 days, did not cause any reaction and all 11 recipient goats died from heartwater on challenge. C ruminantium could not be detected microscopically in the cell cultures.

Animals↗