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Biomedical subjects

A Jacqueson

Publications and source records attributed to A Jacqueson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Relation between consumption of alcohol and fatty acids esterifying serum cholesterol in healthy men.

The relation between consumption of alcohol (established by interview), two of its typical markers (gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and mean corpuscular volume), and the composition of fatty acids in plasma cholesterol esters was investigated in an epidemiological study of 1467 actively employed men aged 35-45. In this group of subjects mean consumption of alcohol was 34.6 (SD 25.2) g/day. Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid were positively correlated with consumption of alcohol, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, and mean corpuscular volume, while linoleic acid was negatively correlated with these variables. When these three fatty acids, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, mean corpuscular volume, and the fat content of the diet were introduced into a multivariate regression analysis, with consumption of alcohol as the dependent variable, only palmitoleic acid, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, mean corpuscular volume, and the monounsaturated fat content of the diet remained significant. Palmitoleic acid seems to be an independent correlate of consumption of alcohol and could be useful in epidemiological and clinical studies as a variable of consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Arterial pressure, obesity and fat and alcohol consumption].

The baseline data of 2 500 subjects included in the Paris Prospective Study II were used to explore the relationship between the frequency of hypertension and some variables closely linked to the diet. These variables are: body mass, alcohol consumption and the proportion of linoleic acid (C18:2) in the plasma cholesterol esters; the latter variable being used as a marker of dietary intake of linoleic acid. The results show, after adjustment on age and the presence of an antihypertensive treatment, a significant independent relationship between these factors and the frequency of hypertension. The adjusted relative frequency of hypertension is 1, 1.4 and 2.5 in the tertiles of increasing corpulence; 1, 1.2 and 1.7 in the tertiles of increasing alcohol consumption and 1, 0.6 and 0.8 in the tertiles of increasing C18:2. Furthermore, among the 263 subjects belonging simultaneously to the higher tertiles of corpulence and alcohol consumption and to the two lower tertiles of C18:2, the number of hypertensive subjects is 58 (22 p. 100 whereas among the 2 236 remaining subjects, 164 are hypertensives (7 p. 100). These results suggest that hypertension is frequently linked to dietary factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Acute respiratory and circulatory failure. Prognostic value of plasma fibronectin levels].

Plasma fibronectin (FNp) concentrations were measured in 63 patients with acute respiratory failure and 28 patients with circulatory failure, using Laurell's electroimmunoassay method. Measurements were made in the acute phase and repeated in the course of the disease. The mean FNp concentration in 20 controls was 262 +/- 59 mg/l. FNp values were normal in the acute phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. In contrast, they were significantly decreased in adult respiratory distress syndrome and in acute pneumonia, as well as in acute circulatory failure, notably from septic shock. FNp values were also considerably reduced in patients with severe disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Clinical improvement was accompanied by a return to normal of FNp concentrations. The mortality rate was greater in patients with low FNp values than in those with normal values.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

High density lipoprotein cholesterol and alcohol consumption in a French male population.

The mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in a sample of 640 apparently healthy male employees of a branch of the Paris civil service, aged 22-56, appears high (between 56.5 and 61.8 mg/dl depending on age groups). A positive relationship between HDL-C and alcohol intake is observed only after age 30, but is revealed in all age groups when the triglyceride level is taken into account. Differences in drinking habits by age may explain this. The moderate effect of alcohol intake on HDL-C is not sufficient to account for the high mean levels observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Enzyme induction with high doses of rifampicin in Wistar rats.

Hepatic microsomal enzyme activities were determined in female Wistar rats after 1 and 8 days of oral administration of high doses of rifampicin (RFP) (400 mg/kg/day). After 8 days, the level of cytochrome P-450 doubled and the activities of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and benzphetamine N-demethylase were significantly increased. The observed changes in enzymic activities are consistent with the possibility that RFP induces a special form of cytochrome P-450, responsible for the metabolism of the antibiotic (demethylation and reduction of rifampicin quinone). Considering the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in lipid metabolism, the inducing activity of RFP might also contribute to the observed accumulation of lipids in the liver.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗
PubMed1981

Phalloidin hepatotoxicity in rats in vivo. Effect of a sympatholytic agent: propranolol.

Phalloidin, one of the main toxins of Amanita phalloides, induced hepatotoxicity in female Wistar rats at 0.9 mg/kg dose i.p. Biliary secretion was selectively inhibited after 3h, but was restored after 24 h. Phalloidin also induced a cytolytic lesion, but not a fatty liver, as in alpha-amanitin intoxication. Propranolol pretreatment (30 min prior to phalloidin injection) did not afford protection against hepatotoxicity, but increased alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and aminotransferase activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Analysis of the results of the trial where groups have been randomized. The Paris cardiovascular prevention trial (author's transl)].

In a prevention trial, when the randomised units are groups of subjects, the first step in the analysis of the results is to check whether the groups differ, for the variables under study, ie, to test a possible group effect. If this effect is not significant, the results are analysed as if the subjects had been randomised. On the other hand, it this effect is significant, the comparison must be carried out between the groups and no more between the subjects. In the latter case, the loss of efficiency of the randomization of groups instead of the randomization of subjects can be computed. When a group effect is present and the number of subjects in each group differs, the analysis is considerably more complex. In the Paris cardiovascular prevention trial, 160 groups of young men, with variable numbers of subjects in each group have been randomised. The change in weight, blood cholesterol and cigarette consumption after two years of intervention are analysed in the present paper with the methodological principles mentioned above.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Study of the protective effect of an anabolic steroid, 19-nortestosterone phenylpropionate (19-NTPP) on the fatty liver induced by high doses of rifampicin in the rat.

The purpose of this work was to study if the steatogenic effect on the liver of Rifampicin, which is an inhibitor of the RNA polymerases DNA dependent in bacteria, can be prevented by an anabolic steroid: 19 nortestosterone phenylproprionate (19-NTPP) which probably stimulates the RNA polymerase activity in eukariotic cells. 19-NTPP (25 mg/kg/24 h, i.p.) was administered to male and both intact and ovariectomized female rats for 8 days prior to the administration of Rifampicin (400 mg/kg/24 h for 8 days). In male rats, 19-NTPP does not prevent the Rifampicin-induced fatty liver. On the contrary, in female rats, 19-NTPP exerts a partial protective effect in intact as well as in ovariectomized animals. These results show that the protective effect of 19-NTPP against Rifampicin fatty liver is less complete and little specific, comparated to the protective effect obtained against another steatogenic compound in female rats: alpha-Amanitin, which is a potent inhibitor of RNA polymerase II in eukariotic cells. In conclusion, the inhibitor effect of Rifampicin on the hepatic apolipoprotein biosynthesis appears as less specific and more intricate than the comparable effect of alpha-Amanitin.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1979

Accentuation of white phosphorus induced fatty liver by phenobarbitone in male rats compared to female rats.

The possible influence of a potent enzyme inducer, phenobarbitone, on white phosphorus fatty liver, was studied. Pretreatment by phenobarbitone for four days in white phosphorus poisoned rats provoked a decrease in mortality and an increase in hepatic triglycerides (fatty liver) in male rats. The activity of uridine diphosphoglucuronyl transferase (UDPGT), an inducible enzyme, is not modified by this pretreatment in white phosphorus poisoned rats. The accentuation of white phosphorus fatty liver by phenobarbitone in male rats could be explained by an increased hydroxylation of testosterone, thus counteracting the protective effect of this hormone on fatty liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fatty liver induced by high doses of rifampicin in the rat: possible relation with an inhibition of RNA polymerases in eukariotic cells.

The steatogenic effect on the liver of Rifampicin, a potent inhibitor of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in bacteria, was investigated in male and female rats which received either 200 mg or 400 mg of Rifampicin/kg/24 h for 8 days. The determination of total lipids (TL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and phospholipids (PL) showed a significant increase of TL, TG and TC in the liver at a dose of 400 mg. There was better reproducibility in the male whose blood TG and PL were significantly decreased. These results showed that fatty liver can be induced by very high doses of Rifampicin in rats. A blockage of the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) biosynthesis and/or secretion can be expected. As a potent steatogenic toxin, alpha-amanitin, is a strong inhibitor of RNA polymerase II in eukariotic cells, a relationship between the RNA polymerase inhibition induced by both of substances and a subsequent inhibition of the biosynthesis of the protein moiety of lipoproteins can be considered. Nevertheless Rifampicin is at present not considered as an inhibitor in eukariotic cells and it will be of great interest to test such a possibility with the high doses used in these experiments, in further work.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Liver steatogenic power of high doses of rifampicin in rats].

The possible induction of fatty liver by Rifampicin has been investigated by oral administration of two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg/24 h) of this antibiotic for a period of 8 days to male and female Rats. The results obtained are more constant and more coherent in male than in female. It is the 400 mg/kg/24 h dose which is more effective, leading to an increase of lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver and a decrease of serum triglycerides. A dose-effect relationship may exist. These preliminary data lead us to believe that Rifampicin may inhibit the synthesis of the protein moiety of lipoproteins, such as alpha-Amanitin, which is also a RNA-polymerase inhibitor.

Animals↗