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Biomedical subjects

A Jakab

Publications and source records attributed to A Jakab.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Comparative measurement of thromboxane A2 metabolites in exhaled breath condensate by different immunoassays.

OBJECTIVE: Differences between detection techniques may be partly responsible for variable mediator concentrations reported in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). We compared two types of immunoassays to estimate thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) concentration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thromboxane B(2) (TxB(2)) levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and TxB(2)/2,3-dinor TxB(2) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 10 healthy subjects and 13 asthmatic patients. 2,3-Dinor TxB(2) was also determined by a separate EIA. RESULTS: Thromboxane was detected in all samples by RIA, but only in about 75% of samples by EIA. 2,3-Dinor TxB(2) was detected in most samples. There was no agreement between the results of the different immunoassays. As compared to healthy subjects, exhaled breath condensates of asthmatic patients contained significantly more immunoreactivity by RIA and TxB(2) EIA (but not by 2,3-dinor TxB(2) EIA). CONCLUSION: RIA and EIA resulted in vastly different absolute values. The difference found between healthy volunteers and asthmatic patients however, suggests an increased level of TxA(2) in the airways of asthmatics.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Quantification of the ratio of positional isomer dilinoleoyl-oleoyl glycerols in vegetable oils.

The distribution of fatty acids in a triacylglycerol is of great importance from nutritional, biochemical, quality and technological points of view. The ratio of triacylglycerol positional isomers containing two linoleic acid (18:2) and one oleic acid (18:1) moieties--namely, 1(3),2-dilinoleoyl-3(1)-oleoyl glycerol (LLO) and 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol (LOL)--were quantified in grape seed, olive, pumpkin seed, soybean, sunflower and wheat germ oils by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/APCI-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Relative LOL contents (LOL/(LLO+LOL)) of the oils were calculated from the mass abundances of the [LL]+ and [LO]+ diacylglycerol fragment ions ([M+H-RCOOH]+) using a calibration curve. The calibration curve of the relative diacylglycerol mass abundances was measured in SIM mode. The relative LOL contents were found to be relatively consistent for each oil variety. The relative LOL content in grape seed, sunflower, pumpkin seed, soybean and wheat germ oils accounted for 44.2 +/- 2.6, 26.8 +/- 3.2, 16.7 +/- 4.6, 15.9 +/- 2.9 and 13.9 +/- 4.3%, respectively. Only olive oils contained practically 100% of the LLO isomer. These results indicate that the unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and oleic acids have 'non-random' distribution patterns in various oils.

Cucurbita↗
PubMed2002

Differentiation of vegetable oils by mass spectrometry combined with statistical analysis.

The main triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of different plant oils (almond, avocado, corn germ, grape seed, linseed, mustard seed, olive, peanut, pumpkin seed, sesame seed, soybean, sunflower, walnut and wheat germ) were analyzed using two different mass spectrometric techniques: HPLC/APCI-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry) and MALDI-TOFMS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry).Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) as a multivariate mathematical statistical method was successfully used to distinguish different plant oils based on their relative TAG composition. With LDA analysis of either APCI-MS or MALDI-MS data, the classification among the almond, avocado, grape seed, linseed, mustard seed, olive, sesame seed and soybean oil samples was 100% correct. In both cases only 6 different oil samples from a total of 73 were not classified correctly.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2001

Occurrence and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Children's University Hospital in Bratislava.

Occurrence and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in 30 multi-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pantoea agglomerans, Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens strains isolated from children between 0 and 3 years of age is presented. The strains were resistant to ampicillin (30), cefoxitin (22), cefotaxime (30), ceftriaxone (30), ceftazidime (30) and aztreonam (28), but susceptible to cefepime (30) and imipenem (26). Twenty-eight of 30 isolates possessed a transferable resistance confirmed by conjugation and isolation of 79-89-kb plasmids. The beta-lactam resistance was due to production of beta-lactamases and ceftazidime proved to be stronger beta-lactamase inductor than ceftriaxone. Twenty-five clinical isolates expressed transferable extended spectrum beta-lactamases, and chromosomally encoded AmpC beta-lactamase.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of iodine deficiency and goitre during pregnancy in east Hungary.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of goitre during pregnancy in a region of Hungary that appeared to be iodine sufficient in previous studies. DESIGN: A cross-sectional voluntary screening study was organized in which 313 pregnant women participated. METHODS: Urine iodine concentration and the volume of the thyroid gland were measured in every woman. In the presence of low urinary iodine concentrations, goitre, or both, thyroid function tests were performed. RESULTS: Iodine deficiency was found in 57.1% of the pregnant women, and was severe in 15.6%. The volume of the thyroid gland was enlarged in 19.2% of individuals. Nodular goitre was found in 17 women (5.4%). The frequency of goitre and the mean thyroid volume were increased in the group of iodine-deficient women. In the 89 cases of iodine deficiency or goitre, thyrotrophin concentrations were in the normal range; however, the free triiodothyronine:free throxine ratio was increased in 97% of them, indicating that the thyroid gland was in a stimulated state in these individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Iodine deficiency with high prevalence of goitre was recognized among pregnant women in an area that previously appeared to be iodine sufficient. An unexpected mild iodine deficiency was also noted in the non-pregnant control group. Reassessment and continuous monitoring of iodine nutritional status is warranted even in populations that are apparently considered to be 'at no risk' of iodine deficiency, especially in pregnant women. Regular administration of iodine, starting at preconception or in early pregnancy and continuing during the period of nursing, is recommended in these regions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Follow up examination of the endometrium during tamoxifen therapy].

Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal estrogen antagonist used mainly in the adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. Tamoxifen acts primarily as an antiestrogen, but also carries estrogenic effect, mainly to the endometrium. Although diverse pathological uterine findings has been described in connection with the long term use of this drug, there is no widely accepted protocol for the monitoring of the endometrium in these patients. All patients referred for gynecologic examination at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Medical School Debrecen, Hungary with previous treatment for breast cancer were involved in a screening programme. The gradual screening programme consists of: transvaginal sonography, color doppler imaging, hysteroscopy, and endometrial curettage or sampling. If any of the first steps proved to be negative, further evaluation could be avoided. Altogether 31 patients were referred for examination and transvaginal sonography alone excluded endometrial abnormality in 9 cases, while the rest of the patients went through further evaluation. The ratio of false positive results using transvaginal sonography alone was high and could be lowered with additional color doppler imaging. Endometrial pathology could be excluded in about 50% of cases without tissue sampling. Positive histology was found in 25% of patients receiving Tamoxifen. The most frequent pathological finding was endometrial polyp. In conclusion endometrial changes found by transvaginal sonography, should be further evaluated. The gradual screening procedures enable us to the proper use of more invasive procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Management of the menopause and HRT by ultrasound.

Recent improvement of the transvaginal grey-scale and colour Doppler ultrasound scanning permits to investigate the morphology and the perfusion parameters of the female pelvic organs in the menopause. Data from detailed scanning of the ovaries and the uterus reflect the hormonal status, but the menopausal age from the last menstrual bleeding (LMB) and the sequence of the HRT given must be taken into consideration. Screening for endometrial pathology is advisable in the days after the withdrawal bleeding in women taking HRT. The positive vascular changes and increased peripheral perfusion in women with HRT detected by Doppler ultrasound are due to the oestrogen's vasodilator effect, which leads to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection. Changes of the uterine perfusion during the combined sequential HRT cycle doesn't seem to reflect the reverse effect of the progestin to oestrogen on the general vasculature, but correlates to the vascular changes of the normal menstrual cycle. The disappearing uterine notch in the menopause suggests decreasing vessel compliance. In women taking HRT the uterine notch persists or even may reappear years after the LMB, as a sign of the vessel compliance reserve probably activated by oestrogen and may act also as an indicator of the effect of HRT on arterial status.

Endometrium↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical picture of slow-evolving insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]("1 1/2")].

The authors investigated the difficulties of differential diagnosis in diabetes, beginning in young age. They analysed the case records of fifteen young diabetics. The authors pointed out, that clinical diagnosis, carried out early, has utmost importance both of theoretical and practical significance, for correct classification according to the type of diabetes determines the therapy. In building the diagnosis, the clinician needs correct anamnestical, clinical data, immunogenetic markers (ICA, HLA), and the capacity of endogenous insulin secretion as well. In three patients they have observed a long period without insulin treatment that could be classified as remission phase. In eleven cases the treatment has started with oral antidiabetic drugs, one patient has got at he very beginning insulin treatment. At present, there is only one patient, still taking oral drugs. This diabetics has an ICA positivity in high titer, but he is refusing the recommended exogenous insulin treatment. In all of their cases the amount of injected daily insulin is low (0.3-0.6 IU/body weight/24 hours). Authors state by their careful analysis, that in all of their 15 diabetics there is existing a slowly developing type I IDDM, I/b, or very recently 1 1/2 diabetes form. The so called autoimmune form--described originally by Bottazzo--could have been disclosed in all of their cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Hypertension and multimetabolic syndrome].

The occurrence of multi-metabolic syndrome was studied by authors on 31 patients with obesity of android type and hypertension. Plasma glucose and plasma insulin levels were investigated during oral glucose tolerance test, plasma lipid levels were determined, furthermore body mass index and waist/hip ratio were calculated. It was considered that in 65 percent of the cases the presence of multi-metabolic syndrome could have been proved. Dyslipidemia in 22 cases, hyperinsulinemia in 20 cases, deterioration of the carbohydrate metabolism in 14 cases could be demonstrated. The negative correlation between glucose- and insulin-responses to glucose challenge may suggest the presence of insulin resistance. No significant difference was found in metabolic parameters between men and women. The multi-metabolic syndrome is regarded by authors as a process which may lead to both type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. According to their appearance about two third of these patients could be screened. Authors emphasize the great significance of this problem and the importance of early diagnosis and prevention.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Combined effects of fasting and vinblastine treatment on serum insulin level, the size of autophagic-lysosomal compartment, protein content and lysosomal enzyme activities of liver and exocrine pancreatic cells of the mouse.

1. The volume fraction of autophagic vacuoles in liver parenchymal and exocrine pancreatic cells was smallest and the serum insulin level highest in the 24 hr prestarved mouse immediately after 3 hr feeding period. 2. The size of the autophagic vacuole and lysosome (dense body) compartments increased in both types of cells during 2-72 hr fasting parallel with decreasing serum insulin levels. 3. The protein content of the cells decreased and the DNA-based activity of acid phosphatase showed little change throughout fasting. The activity of cathepsin D increased during days 2 and 3 of food deprivation. 4. Vinblastine (50 mg/kg body wt) applied for the last 2 hr of different periods (2, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hr) of fasting decreased serum insulin level and increased the fractional cytoplasmic volume of autophagic vacuoles and dense bodies. This increase was smaller when the drug was applied shortly after feeding and much larger after prolonged fasting. The increase was more pronounced in the pancreatic than in the liver cells. 5. Our data show that the effect of vinblastine on the size of the autophagic-lysosomal compartment depends on the feeding status of the animals.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

IgE levels in normal human sera and IgG preparations.

Serum IgE levels were determined in 318 Hungarian blood donors by PRIST technique. Age-dependent decrease of IgE and higher values in males than in females were found. Commercial IgG preparations contained variable amounts of IgE related to the procedures for purification. The normal IgE level in healthy Hungarian adults were compared to the reported normal values of other countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Clinical correlates of circulating immune complex levels in advanced lung cancer. A discrimination analysis.

Sera from 53 patients with unresectable lung cancer were tested for the presence of immune complexes by 12 assays. 5 assays (EA rosette inhibition, ADCC inhibition, platelet aggregation, IgG and C3 concentrations in PEG precipitates) could discriminate cancer patients from healthy subjects with over 80% reliability. On the basis of 3 assays (EA-I, ADCC-I and PEG-C3) a function allowing a 100% correct classification could be formulated:--(EA-I)--0.5 (ADCC-I) + 2.4 (PEG-C3) greater than 69.3, i.e., results higher than 69.3 are characteristic for cancer patients and lower than 69.3 for normal subjects. The relationship between the immune complex levels and the average survival time was not altered by sex, age, histology and treatment. None of the immune complex assays or their combination were useful for the estimation of individual life expectation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of different methods for detecting circulating immune complexes. Studies in patients with lung cancer.

In a collaborative study involving 7 laboratories, sera from 53 patients with lung cancer, 37 primary and 16 secondary tumours, and sera of 40 healthy blood donors were tested by 19 different assays or assay modifications used for detecting immune complexes. In 12 out of 19 assays, significantly higher immune complex levels were found in the cancer patients than in the healthy subjects. Assays based on interactions between immune complexes and Fc receptors of different cells (lymphocytes, macrophages of platelets) discriminated between cancer patients and health subjects and a high percentage (47-87%) of positivity was observed in such assays in patients with lung cancer. In contrast, none of the tests based on immune complex-complement interactions discriminated between cancer patients and health subjects. Immunochemical analyses of the PEG precipitates obtained from the sera tested revealed that the concentrations of IgG, IgA and C3 were significantly higher in the precipitates obtained from patients sera than from control sera, but no significant differences were seen in IgM and C1q concentrations. A 100% correct classification of individuals tested was obtained on discriminant analysis of results with 3 assays: EA rosette inhibition, ADCC inhibition and C3 concentration in PEG precipitates. Correlation between results obtained with individual sera by the different assays was very poor: significant correlation coefficients were found in only 13% of all possible paired comparisons. Our results suggest that Fc receptor-dependent assays are more suitable for detection and measurement of circulating immune complexes in lung cancer than tests based on interactions with complement.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biochemical markers of sperm function: male fertility and sperm selection for ICSI.

The expression of a 70 kDa chaperone protein, HspA2 (formerly called CK-M), has been identified in mature human spermatozoa. The central role of HspA2 has been established, as the expression level of this protein is related to sperm cellular maturity, DNA integrity, chromatin maturity, chromosomal aneuploidy frequency and sperm function, including fertilizing potential. The spermiogenetic events of cytoplasmic extrusion and remodelling of the plasma membrane, which facilitate the formation of zona pellucida binding site(s) in human spermatozoa, are related. Finally, the presence of the hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor on the plasma membrane of mature sperm coupled with the HA-coated slide sperm-binding assay, facilitates the testing of infertile men and the selection of single mature spermatozoa for ICSI. Because mature spermatozoa have no residual cytoplasm, the HA-bound sperm fraction is also enriched in spermatozoa that are normal by the Kruger strict morphology method.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Splenic hydatid cyst].

The localization of hexacanth embryo at spleen level is quite rare, although, in frequency order, it is the third affected organ after liver and lung. The infestation of the spleen usually takes place by arterial route after the parasite has passed through the two other filters, hepatic and pulmonary. The retrograde venous route, which avoids the liver and lung, is also considered. The diagnosis of splenic echinococcosis is made with the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory findings. The treatment is surgical, consisting, most commonly, in splenectomy; the anastomoses of splenic hydatid cysts with the digestive tube are indicated only in those cases with peculiar evolutive forms; cystotomy, with removal of the content and drainage of the remnant cavity, surgery performed either on abdominal or lumbar route, is the method of choice in the suppurated cysts which fix, by adherences, the spleen to its lodge.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Voluminous malignant nonsecreting tumors of the adrenal cortex ruptured in thoracic-lumbar injuries].

Based on two cases of nonsecreting malignant adrenal tumors the authors make some clinical and therapeutical considerations. These tumors are rare, have a longer evolution without significant clinical manifestations, may reach considerable size and may become complicated, most frequently by intratumoral hemorrhages and necroses, which usually favour an infection, and more rarely by their rupture. The diagnosis is based on the clinical and laboratory findings. The treatment is surgical, associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The survival interval is long, sometimes exceeding 10 years.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cancer of the rectosigmoid junction].

The authors present a statistics on 32 cases of proctosigmoid junction cancer and discuss diagnostic and management aspects. This localization of the colorectal cancer has certain characteristic features, among which most important are its severe complications. The treatment of choice is the high anterior proctosigmoid resection with restoration of digestive passage, with or without colostomy. In the complicated cases the interventions will be performed in two or even three stages. Hartman's surgery is also indicated in the complicated cancers and in the compromised patients. The postoperative mortality remains high.

Colectomy↗