Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Jenney.
We report 2 cases of bacteremia due to "Helicobacter rappini" in 2 young, homosexual men, including the first report of H. rappini in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. Blood cultures showed a spiral, fusiform, gram-negative bacterium with bipolar sheathed flagella.
A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR-enzyme hybridization assay (RT-PCR-EHA; Hexaplex; Prodesse Inc., Waukesha, Wis.) was used for the simultaneous detection of human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, influenza virus types A and B, and respiratory syncytial virus types A and B. One hundred forty-three respiratory specimens from 126 patients were analyzed by RT-PCR-EHA, and the results were compared to those obtained by conventional viral culture and immunofluorescence (IF) methods. RT-PCR-EHA proved to be positive for 17 of 143 (11.9%) specimens, whereas 8 of 143 (5.6%) samples were positive by viral culture and/or IF. Eight samples were positive by both RT-PCR-EHA and conventional methods, while nine samples were RT-PCR-EHA positive and viral culture and IF negative. Eight of the nine samples with discordant results were then independently tested by a different multiplex RT-PCR assay for influenza virus types A and B, and all eight proved to be positive. In comparison to viral culture and IF methods, RT-PCR-EHA gave a sensitivity and a specificity of 100 and 93%, respectively. Since RT-PCR-EHA was able to detect more positive samples, which would otherwise have been missed by routine methods, we suggest that this multiplex RT-PCR-EHA provides a highly sensitive and specific means of diagnostic detection of major respiratory viruses.
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We describe three cases of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens bacteremia from Australia. We believe one of these cases represents the first report of A. succiniciproducens bacteremia in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individual. The other two patients had an underlying disorder (one patient had bleeding esophageal varices complicating alcohol liver disease and one patient had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). A motile, gram-negative, spiral anaerobe was isolated by culturing blood from all patients. Electron microscopy showed a curved bacterium with bipolar tufts of flagella resembling Anaerobiospirillum spp. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of the isolates revealed no close relatives (organisms likely to be in the same genus) in the sequence databases, nor were any sequence data available forA. succiniciproducens. This report presents for the first time the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of A. succiniciproducens, strain ATCC 29305. Two of the three clinical isolates have sequences identical to that of the type strain, while the sequence of the other strain differs from that of the type strain at 4 nucleotides.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact on metabolic control in NIDDM patients of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, when administered at a low dose in powdered form. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Six subjects were recruited for a double-blind cross-over trial using 25 mg powdered acarbose and a placebo 3 times a day with meals for 3 mo. In addition to parameters of diabetes control and body weight, glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity were measured with the hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp technique combined with tracer kinetics. RESULTS: None of the subjects showed significant changes in FPG levels or body weight either on the 3-mo course of acarbose or placebo. HbA1c fell significantly from 10.6 +/- 1.0 to 9.4 +/- 1.3% (P = 0.05) during treatment with acarbose but failed to change on placebo (10.1 +/- 1.0 to 11.1 +/- 2.0%; P = 0.36). Basal HGP and glucose utilization were unchanged during either of the treatment periods, and hyperinsulinemia produced a similar degree of suppression of HGP before and after each treatment. At a physiological concentration, insulin failed to stimulate glucose clearance in these diabetic patients, and no improvement was seen with acarbose treatment. No changes in plasma lipids or lipoprotein profiles were demonstrated after 3 mo on acarbose. In acute studies, it was shown that administration of acarbose at a dose of 25 mg powder per meal significantly decreased the postprandial glycemic excursion. CONCLUSIONS: When administered in the powdered form at the low dose of 25 mg 3 times/day with meals over 3 mo, acarbose was well tolerated by the NIDDM patients and was without side effects. It improved glycemic control by reducing postprandial hyperglycemia, but had no effect on glucose turnover, insulin sensitivity, or lipid profile.
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