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Biomedical subjects

A Johansen

Publications and source records attributed to A Johansen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Danish primary schoolteachers' knowledge about asthma: results of a questionnaire.

We present an anonymous questionnaire inquiry involving 334 primary schoolteachers in the Randers area with the purpose of elucidating teachers' knowledge about asthma. To a series of statements about asthma, the teachers answered yes, no or don't know. A limited knowledge of different aspects of asthma in children was found, although 57% had asthma children in their classes. Specially limited was knowledge about medical treatment. Five percent had received proper instruction about asthma and had a significantly better knowledge of medical treatment (p less than 0.001-0.05). Only 57% knew that wheezing after physical exertion is a strong indicator of asthma and only 33% knew that exertion in cold weather increases the risk of an attack. It is recommended that instruction in children's diseases, especially asthma, is introduced in teacher training colleges.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A double blind study of single dose azithromycin and doxycycline in the treatment of chlamydial urethritis in males.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of azithromycin and doxycycline in the treatment of males with uncomplicated urethritis caused by chlamydia trachomatis. DESIGN: A multicentre, double-blind, randomised treatment study. SUBJECTS: 130 male outpatients with clinical signs and symptoms of urethritis. SETTING: STD clinics at four Norwegian University Hospitals. METHODS: Patients were randomly allocated to 1000 mg azithromycin as single dose or doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days. Clinical, bacteriological and safety assessments were made at entry and after 1 and 2 weeks. Safety data were also repeated after 4 weeks. RESULTS: Demographic data were similar in both groups. At the week 1 assessment bacteriological eradication was achieved in 44 of 44 evaluable azithromycintreated patients and in 42 of 42 in the doxycycline group. At the week 2 assessment the corresponding figures were 35 of 35 and 34 of 34 respectively. CONCLUSION: Azithromycin 1000 mg single dose was as effective as doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days in male patients with chlamydial urethritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Electrical potential difference across the stomach wall and gastric morphology in anaesthetized pigs after intravenous administration of cytotoxic drugs.

Nausea and vomiting are frequent side-effects of cancer chemotherapy. To investigate whether such therapy has an acute toxic effect on the gastric mucosa, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and fluorouracil were administered intravenously to anaesthetized pigs. Gastric mucosal function was evaluated by continuous measurements of the gastric transmucosal electrical potential difference (PD) and the intragastric pH by using a newly developed microelectrode principle. After sacrifice, gastric histology was examined. During chemotherapy a significant decline in gastric PD was observed two hours after drug infusion, indicating a hampered gastric mucosal function. Apart from a slight hyperemia, gastric histology was normal. In this animal model a change in gastric mucosal function developed at the same time after chemotherapy as the gastric side-effects in humans.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1989

Neoplasms of the central nervous system in Norway. IV. A population-based epidemiological study of meningiomas.

All 1632 cases of meningioma reported to the Norwegian Cancer Registry from 1955 to 1986 have been studied: a) 96% appeared in patients over 30 years of age, b) 95% were histologically benign, c) 88% were located intracranially, and d) 66% occurred in females. The female predominance manifested itself in the middle age period. Eighty-seven percent of the intraspinal meningiomas presented in females, but the ratio between intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas was significantly lower in females (5.4) than in males (20.4). Increased incidence rates of meningioma in females are revealed for the birth-cohorts after 1930. The reason for this change is unclear so both environmental and hormonal factors should be explored. Based upon the epidemiological data, it appears that female sex hormone(s) could act as a growth stimulus in the development of meningiomas, but are neither sufficient nor necessary for tumourigenesis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Lung function in an Australian population: 2. Spirometric performance and cigarette-smoking habits.

The FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC% in 12016 females and 18 359 males were related to cigarette-smoking habits. Over all, non-smokers had significantly better lung function than cigarette smokers. Ex-smokers of either sex had significantly higher FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% than cigarette smokers, but the FVC values were higher only in females. With consumption in excess of 10 cigarettes per day, deterioration in lung function was manifest in both sexes, but was greater in males than females. The mean chronological age of males who smoked from 30 to 50 cigarettes per day was 12.9 years and 9.6 years less than would have been predicted on the basis of their FEV1 and FVC values respectively. The corresponding values in women were 9.3 years and 7.9 years respectively. Additionally, the deterioration in lung function with increasing age was greater in cigarette smokers than in non-smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Lung function in an Australian population: 1. Spirometric standards for non-smoking adults.

Relationships between age, height, weight and spirometry with FEV0.5, FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC are described for a sample of 6275 female and 6511 male non-smoking adults living in New South Wales. Prediction equations for ventilatory function tests are derived from non-smokers and compared with other standards that are available in a population sample of 31172 subjects. It is concluded that the standards described in this paper are more appropriate for use in Australian populations. Nomograms for predicting FEV1 and FVC in females and males are provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Elevated early gastric carcinoma. Differential diagnosis as regards adenomatous polyps.

Differential diagnostic problems between gastric carcinomas and precancerous lesions with severe dysplasia have become more perceptible with the increasing number of resected early carcinomas. Although such problems come up for all macroscopic and histologic types of gastric cancer they are particularly marked between early carcinomas of the elevated type and adenomatous polyps. Elevated early carcinomas are usually highly differentiated adenocarcinomas with a morphology which often reminds of of adenomas. But sometimes the carcinomas also demonstrate convincing signs of being developed from adenomas. The criterion of distinction between intramucosal carcinomas and adenomas is invasion through the basal membrane, often difficult to evaluate. The morphological relation between elevated early gastric carcinomas and adenomas and the criterion of distinction between them were studied in 20 early gastric carcinomas of the Japanese types I and IIa, 6 intramucosal and 14 submucosal all highly differentiated adenocarcinomas, and in 42 polyps, of which 5 were of the adenomatous type. All lesions were taken from resection specimens. Among the carcinomas 5 demonstrated convincing signs of being malignant transformed adenomas. In addition, 6 carcinomas had a morphology which more or less reminded of adenomas, but their genetic origin was more uncertain. Nine carcinomas revealed no sign of an adenomatous origin. Among the 5 polyps diagnosed as adenomas 2 revealed an extraordinary degree of severe dysplasia which caused uncertainty on the benign diagnosis. The rest of the polyps were without dysplasia. The significance of invasion through the basal membrane as an indispensable factor of distinction between adenoma and carcinoma in the stomach is discussed. It is concluded that the degree of dysplasia can be so severe and the invasion so difficult to evaluate that the classification of some few tumours depends on the subjectivity of the single pathologist. Four of the tumours, 2 adenomas and 2 intramucosal carcinomas, having a remarkable macroscopic appearance like a large mucosal fold are especially mentioned. Their relation to gastric mucosal prolaps is discussed. Furthermore, a tumour apparently demonstrating only a moderate degree of dysplasia, but even so setting up metastases is mentioned in detail.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Cell proliferation in normal and diseased gastric mucosa. Autoradiography after in vitro continuous labelling with tritiated thymidine.

The rate of gastric epithelial cell proliferation was studied in healthy volunteers and in patients with different degrees of gastritis. Endoscopic biopsies from the antral and fundic part of the stomach were incubated in vitro with 3H-thymidine for 30, 120, and 210 minutes respectively. Autoradiographs were prepared, and the percentage of DNA-synthesizing cells (labeling index) in the progenitor cell region was estimated. From the successive labeling indices the rate of entry of cells into DNA-synthetic phase (S-phase) and the duration of the S-phase could be estimated. All the biopsies were classified according to the degree of gastritis. The mean (+/-SEM) length of the S-phase was found to be 7.4 +/- 0.3 hours in antral mucosa and 7.2 +/- 0.4 hours in fundic mucosa. There was no significant difference between the S-phase duration in normal mucosa, superficial gastritis, mild atrophic gastritis and severe atrophic gastritis. This observation suggests that the labeling index can be used as an expression for the rate of cell proliferation in human gastric mucosa. A significant correlation between the labelling indices and the degree of gastritis was found in both antral and fundic mucosa. In six cases, labelling indices estimated by cell counts performed on longitudinal or cross sections of foveolae were compared. Ther was no significant difference between the results obtained by the two different counting techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Drinking, smoking and drug-taking patterns in a predominantly lower socioeconomic status sample: comparison with Medicheck sample.

The drinking, smoking, and drug-taking patterns of 9829 adult members of the Australian Workers Union in Sydney are compared with data collected through the Medicheck Referral Centre. Overall, the two sets of data are very similar, but the results of this survey point to the high prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption, and of regular drug-taking in young people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The diagnostic significance of intestinal metaplasia in endoscopic gastric biopsies.

The incidences of intestinal metaplasia in two groups of benign endoscopic biopsies taken from stomachs with malignant and benign lesions respectively were compared. 315 single biopsies were taken from stomachs with proven carcinoma, but outside the carcinomatous area. They were compared to 786 single biopsies taken from stomachs with proven benign lesions. Each single biopsy was placed in one of three groups: intestinal metaplasia absent, or making up less or more than 50 per cent of the epithelium in the biopsy. The results showed that single biopsies with intestinal metaplasia regardless of the extension of the metaplasia in the biopsy were found more often in stomachs with carcinoma than in stomachs with benign lesions but without any significant difference. If more than half of the benign biopsies taken during an examination demonstrated extensive grades of intestinal metaplasia a sligtly significant difference in favour of carcinomas was found.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

The diagnostic significance of Russell bodies in endoscopic gastric biopsies.

The incidence of cells containing so-called Russell bodies in 315 benign single gastric biopsies taken from stomachs with proven carcinoma, but outside the carcinomatous area and 786 biopsies taken from stomachs without carcinoma were compared. The Russell body containing cells were counted in a fixed area and on the basis of the counting each biopsy was classified in one of four groups: Russell body containing cells absent or present in a number of 1-5, 6-10 or more than 10 in the area. The results showed that endoscopic biopsy examinations containing one single benign biopsy with more than 5 Russell body containing cells in the carcinoma. If half or more than half of the biopsies in the examination contained 1-5 Russell body containing cells significant differences were also found. The sensitivity of such examinations was low but their predictive values (PVpos) varied from 46 per cent to 95 per cent, meaning that such examinations may be of importance for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Biopsy↗