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Biomedical subjects

A Jolly

Publications and source records attributed to A Jolly.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Evaluating psychological debriefing: are we measuring the right outcomes?

The efficacy of critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) and psychological debriefing (PD) following potentially traumatising events has recently been challenged after a number of recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) failed to demonstrate that CISD or PD prevents or reduces the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These studies have used measures of PTSD as the principal outcome and have generally not measured comorbid psychopathology, behavioral or social dysfunction. In a recent RCT of group debriefing amongst British soldiers returning from peacekeeping operations in Bosnia, PD had a significant effect in reducing a worrying level of alcohol misuse in the sample. The findings of this study suggest that that it is premature to conclude that debriefing is ineffective and that a broader range of outcome measures should be employed in future trials of debriefing.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Patterns of chlamydia and gonorrhea infection in sexual networks in Manitoba, Canada.

BACKGROUND: The use of sexual network analysis has the potential to further our understanding of sexually tranmitted disease (STD) epidemics and contribute to the development of more effective targeted control strategies. GOAL: To use sexual network analysis to study transmission patterns of chlamydia and gonorrhea in Manitoba, Canada. STUDY DESIGN: Routinely collected case/contact information gathered by public health nurses was used to construct the sexual network. RESULTS: Components within the sexual network ranged in size from 2 to 82 people. Two types of components, designated radial and linear, were described. Large linear components resembled the theoretical structure of STD core groups. Geographic analysis of the largest components demonstrated the potential for STD transmission between isolated rural communities and within different areas of an urban center. CONCLUSIONS: The application of sexual network analysis on a provincial basis demonstrated the importance of a centralized, coordinated approach to STD control. The analysis highlights the need for a greater understanding of the causative factors promoting the formation of different component types, the homogeneity and heterogeneity of behaviors within and between components, and the temporal stability of these patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Preventing psychological trauma in soldiers: the role of operational stress training and psychological debriefing.

Armed conflict is associated with significant long-term psychiatric morbidity. Interventions to reduce the incidence of psychiatric disorder following psychological trauma may be classified into three categories. Primary prevention includes the selection, preparation and training of individuals likely to be exposed to potentially traumatizing events. Secondary prevention comprises a variety of brief psychological techniques immediately or shortly after traumatizing life events, the best known of which is Psychological Debriefing. Tertiary interventions comprise the treatment of established PTSD and others. Psychiatric morbidity was studied in 106 British soldiers returning from UN peace-keeping duties in the former Republic of Yugoslavia. All 106 soldiers received an Operational Stress Training Package prior to their deployment and a randomly selected group also received a post-operational PD. Very low rates of PTSD and other psychopathology were found overall and the Operational Stress Training Package may have contributed to this. Elevated CAGE scores suggestive of significant alcohol misuse were observed in both groups and chemical avoidance behaviours arising from this may have masked psychopathology. CAGE scores diminished significantly in the debriefed group by the end of the follow-up period suggesting that PD may have been of benefit despite the apparent absence of PTSD. This study also demonstrates that a high incidence of psychiatric morbidity is not an inevitable consequence of military conflict.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Current diagnostic methods for diisocyanate induced occupational asthma.

BACKGROUND: Diisocyanates are among the most frequent causes of occupational asthma in industrialized countries. Early diagnosis of diisocyanate asthma followed by prompt termination of chemical exposure can prevent chronic morbidity due to persistent asthma. The accurate diagnosis of diisocyanate asthma requires a systematic approach that combines information obtained from the occupational history, immunologic tests and physiologic studies. METHODS: The advantages, limitations and validity of various methods and diagnostic guidelines utilized in the evaluation of diisocyanate asthma are reviewed. RESULTS: Recommended methods for evaluation of diisocyanates asthma are similar to approaches for other causative agents. Serologic assays of specific IgE are specific but insensitive diagnostic markers of diisocyanate asthma. If possible, workers should be evaluated, while at work, in order to demonstrate work-related changes in lung function associated with diisocyanate exposures. Specific bronchoprovocation challenge testing with diisocyanates, is reserved for situations where the diagnosis cannot be confirmed at work. Such tests can be performed safely but should be conducted exclusively at specialized centers by experienced personnel. CONCLUSIONS: Published diagnostic guidelines for occupational asthma are directly applicable to the evaluation of diisocyanate asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1999

Indigenous mental health care among Gurkha soldiers based in the United Kingdom.

This paper looks at the concept of the indigenous healer and draws on experiences of those closely involved with the progress of one soldier who, after feeling unwell, believed he was destined to become a shaman. Initially treated by Western methods, which failed to resolve his situation, he returned to Nepal to consult with the local traditional healers. He spent six weeks in Nepal and was seen by three different types of local shamans. Upon his return to Britain he claimed to be free of symptoms and returned to his normal military duties.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Comparative evaluation of chlamydiazyme, PACE 2, and AMP-CT assays for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical specimens.

We conducted a comparative evaluation of the Chlamydiazyme (Abbott Laboratories), PACE 2 (Gen-Probe), and AMP-CT (Gen-Probe) assays for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical samples. Specimens from 787 females were included in the study. The sensitivities of the PACE 2 and Chlamydiazyme assays in comparison to the results of the AMP-CT assay were 79.3 and 63.4%, respectively. The specificities of the Chlamydiazyme and PACE 2 assays were 100%. All of the positive specimens detected in this study were positive by the AMP-CT assay. On the basis of the final results of the comparison, the prevalence of C. trachomatis in the population was 10.4%. Retesting of specimens whose results were in the intermediate zone by the PACE 2 assay by a probe competition assay identified some additional true-positive specimens. Amplification assay testing of such specimens did not significantly increase the yield. The majority of specimens which tested positive by the AMP-CT assay only were not in the intermediate zone by the PACE 2 assay. We were unable to identify demographic or clinical factors which could predict those individuals who tested positive by amplified tests but not by nonamplified tests. The Gen-Probe PACE 2 assay proved to be superior to the Chlamydiazyme assay for the screening and diagnosis of C. trachomatis infections in female endocervical specimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Pair-bonding, female aggression and the evolution of lemur societies.

Lemur societies have been described as convergent with those of anthropoids, including Papio-like female-bonded multi-male groups. Recent research, however, shows at least 5 pair-bonded species among the Lemuridae and Indriidae. Three more, Eulemur mongoz, Eulemur fulvus and Varecia variegata, have societies combining aspects of pairing with aspects of troop life. The best-known female-bonded societies, those of Lemur catta, Propithecus diadema edwardsi and Propithecus verreauxi, may be assemblages of mother-daughter dyads, capable of high aggression towards other females, but derived from more solitary female ancestors, perhaps also living as pairs. The internal structure of such lemur groups differs from the more extensive kin groups of catarrhines. This in turn may relate to the lemurs' level of social intelligence and to lemur female dominance over males.

Aggression↗
PubMed1983

[Lesions of the circumflex nerve. Apropos of 19 cases].

The authors studied a series of 19 lesions of the circumflex nerve either isolated (14 cases) or in association with a lesion of the suprascapular or musculocutaneous nerves. All were treated surgically. One was caused by a gunshot wound, the others were due to traction on the axillary region, and associated with anterior dislocation of the shoulder in five cases, a fracture of the humerus in two cases and a fracture of the clavicle in one case. Despite complete paralysis of the deltoid, active abduction was often possible. The operation took place 4 to 6 months after injury. In the 14 cases of isolated lesions of the circumflex nerve, the nerve was approached both anteriorly and posteriorly. It was always found to be divided and could be repaired by grafting in 10 cases, and secondary suture in one case. On three occasions the lesion was too distal and could not be repaired. When repair was possible, two excellent and eight good results were obtained, one case being too recent for follow up. In cases of associated lesions of the circumflex and suprascapular nerves, the repair of the latter was not possible and results were poor. In contrast, in cases of associated lesions of the circumflex and musculocutaneous nerves, repair was possible with satisfactory results at the level of the deltoid and biceps. These results indicate that an earlier diagnosis would allow a repair and a more satisfactory condition of lesions which are close to the motor end plates and of relatively good prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Population and troop ranges of Lemur catta and Lemur fulvus at Berenty, Madagascar: 1980 census.

The November 1980 census suggests that population size and troop ranges have remained stable since 1972 and in a small area since 1963. This prolongs the apparent stability described by some authors, remarkable in a 200-ha reserve containing a maximum of 300 Lemur catta. However, inadvertent introduction of Lemur fulvus rufus and apparent loss of tamarind trees, as well as general genetic and biogeographic considerations, imply this stability may not continue. Berently underlines the need for long-term, widespread primate research and practical conversation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Propithecus verreauxi population and ranging at Berenty, Madagascar, 1975 and 1980.

Propithecus verreauxi have been repeatedly censused in parts of the 200-ha reserve at Berenty between 1963 and 1975. Troop rearrangements in 1963 and 1975 showed that both males and females can change troop outside the breeding season. Group sex ratio varies from 0.3 female/male to 5.0 female/male. Usually, at Berenty, groups defend highly exclusive territories, in contrast to ranging patterns elsewhere. In 1980 troops were censused during 2 weeks in November at a different season from earlier studies. They had larger troop feeding dispersion than before, and pairs and triplets of males who travelled apart from bisexual troops. This may be a season of mass male migration, as in Lemur catta, or else a long-term population change. This small reserve should be carefully monitored as its lemurs have so far maintained relative population stability.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Direct treatment of nerve lesions in brachial plexus injuries in adults--a series of 100 operated cases].

The authors report a series of 100 brachial plexus injuries between April 1974 and January 1979. The frequency of these lesions, knowledge of the anatomy and pathology, and trends in prognosis are correlated to give the surgical indications for nerve graft repair. Correlation between preoperative myelography and the anatomy and type of pathology demonstrated at the time of operation, have been of special interest and have consolidated tha operative indications. Out of the 100 cases operated on between April 1974 and January 1979, neurolysis without plexus repair was performed in 25, nerve grafts for one, two or five roots in 64, and in nine cases, intercostal nerve or spinal accessory nerve transplantation was carried out. Forty-eight cases with a follow up of more than two years have been specially studied to give some indication of the therapeutic choice depending on the number of usable nerve roots. If only one usable root is present, it is clearly impossible to graft the whole plexus and the supra-scapular nerve and lateral cord (musculo-cutaneous nerve, lateral pectoral nerve and lateral head of median nerve) are given priority. If two roots can be grafted, we also bridge the radial nerve in the posterior cord. Our statistics confirm that the direct repair of these nerve lesions gives hopeful results and the functional improvements justify this type of surgery. The best results come from repair of the C5 and C6 nerve roots with re-innervation of the shoulder and elbow. In a complete palsy, when there are only one or two usable roots, loss of innervation of the hand will persist but the return of some function to the shoulder and elbow will allow a limited use of functional recovery. Our results prompt us to persist with methods founded on the precise and early indications for surgical treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[148 epiphysiodeses in the management of leg length inequality].

The authors relate their experience in the treatment of unequal leg length, in children, by was of epiphysiodesis. They realized 54 Phemister's operations and 94 Blount's Among the latters, final sterilization of the epiphyseal cartilage has been noted after 1,5 year and the axis deviations (main complication of these operations) was clearly more frequent and graver. Besides, the estimates preliminary to the epiphysiodesis setted up for the treatment of small inequality proved to be little reliable and little accurate and this difficulty in making accurate prevision is an important snag to the method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Population and territory stability of the Lemur catta at Berenty, Madagascar.

Several Lemur catta troops at Berenty, Madagascar have been censused repeatedly since 1963. In 1972, the entire reserve was censused. A recensus in 1975 showed that although some minor changes have occurred in the number of animals in individual troops, the population of the reserve as a whole, the core areas of the lemurs' territories, and their home range boundaries have all remained stable ever since the first complete census 3 years earlier.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Benign synovialoma of knee in children (author's transl)].

The authors report 2 cases of benign synovialoma of knee in children. After studying the clinical and radiological symptomatology, they insist on the anatomical pathological criteria which are the only specific ones. However, this benign affection takes on a serious complexion, in the diffuse forms, on account of the incomplete and impairing nature of an exclusively surgical treatment.

Adolescent↗