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Biomedical subjects

A K Azad Khan

Publications and source records attributed to A K Azad Khan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Lack of R117H mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene in patients with tropical pancreatitis from Bangladesh.

The etiology of nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, occurring in tropical regions, is unknown. Although environmental factors may play a role in its pathogenesis, a specific genetic predisposition may be necessary. The genetic mutation responsible for hereditary pancreatitis was described recently. Unlike in patients with hereditary pancreatitis, we found a lack of the R117H mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene in all patients with tropical pancreatitis from Bangladesh.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of diabetes in a suburban population of Bangladesh.

To determine the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, 6847 subjects of age 15 years or older, were investigated in a suburban population in Bangladesh. Fasting and post-prandial (capillary) blood glucose (2-hPG) was estimated. According to WHO criteria the crude prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 7.5% and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was 4.1%. The age standardized (30-64 years) prevalence of IGT was 7.7% with 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.96-8.44 and NIDDM was 4.5%, CI 3.94-5.12. Compared with the younger subjects the older subjects (< 40 vs. > or = 40 years) showed significant association with IGT (chi2, 65.9; P < 0.001) and NIDDM (chi2, 92.0; P < 0.001). Higher BMI (< or = 22.0 vs. > 22.1) was also significantly associated with IGT (chi2, 16.6; P < 0.001) and NIDDM (chi2, 83.9; P < 0.001). The higher BMI had stronger association with NIDDM than with IGT. Lower height showed significant association only with NIDDM. The logistic regression analyses also showed that increased age, higher BMI and short stature were independent risks for NIDDM. The study showed an increased prevalence of IGT and NIDDM among the suburban population of Bangladesh and the excess risk was observed with increased age, higher BMI and short stature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effect of socioeconomic risk factors on the difference in prevalence of diabetes between rural and urban populations in Bangladesh.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of diabetes between the poor and rich of rural and urban populations in Bangladesh. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 1,052 subjects from urban and 1,319 from rural communities (age > or = 20 years) of different socioeconomic classes were investigated. Capillary blood glucose levels, fasting and 2 h after a 75-g glucose drink (2-h blood glucose [BG]), were measured. Height, weight, waist, hips, and blood pressure were also measured. RESULTS: Age-adjusted (30-64 years) prevalence of NIDDM was higher in urban (7.97% with 95% CI 6.17-9.77) than in rural subjects (3.84%, CI 2.61-5.07), whereas impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) prevalence was higher in rural subjects. In either urban or rural areas, the highest prevalence of NIDDM was observed among the rich, and the lowest prevalence was observed among the poor socioeconomic classes. The rural rich had much higher prevalence of IGT than their urban counterpart (16.5 vs. 4.4%, CI 6.8-17.4). Increased age was an important risk factor for IGT and NIDDM in both rural and urban subjects, whereas the risk related to higher BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was less significant in rural than urban subjects. Using logistic regression and adjusting for age, sex, and social class, the urban subjects had no excess risk for NIDDM. In contrast, an excess risk for glucose intolerance (2-h BG > or = 7.8 mmol/l) was observed in the rural subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Adjusting for age, sex, and social class, the prevalence of NIDDM among urban subjects did not differ significantly from that among rural subjects. Increased age, higher socioeconomic class, and higher WHR were proven to be independent risk factors for glucose intolerance in either area.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of the hypoglycemic effects of Trigonella foenum graecum seed.

The whole powder of Trigonella foenum graecum seeds and its extracts were tested for their hypoglycemic effect on normal and diabetic model rats. The powder, its methanol extract, and the residue remaining after methanol extraction had significant hypoglycemic effects when fed simultaneously with glucose. The water extract of the methanol extractive-free residue of the seed powder showed significant hypoglycemic activity at different prandial states. The Soluble Dietary Fibre (SDF) fraction showed no effect on the fasting blood glucose levels of nondiabetic or NIDDM model rats. However, when fed simultaneously with glucose, it showed a significant hypoglycemic effect (p < 0.05) in NIDDM model rats. Chemical analysis showed that the major constituent of the SDF is a galactomannan. The results confirm the involvement of SDF in the hypoglycemic effect of T. foenum graecum seeds. However, compound(s) other than SDF is (are) also involved in the hypoglycemic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Management of acute diarrhoea in diabetic patients using oral rehydration solutions containing glucose, rice, or glycine.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of hyperglycaemia with two standard oral rehydration solutions that contain carbohydrate compared with a carbohydrate free solution during rehydration of diabetic patients with acute diarrhoea. DESIGN: Prospective randomised allocation to one of three oral rehydration solutions (World Health Organisation (glucose), rice, or glycine) groups after admission to hospital with acute diarrhoea. SETTING: Dhaka hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. SUBJECTS: 45 diabetic patients aged between 15 and 60 who had had diarrhoea for fewer than three days on admission. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fluctuation of blood glucose concentrations measured three times a day, daily stool output, and time taken for recovery from diarrhoea. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in blood glucose concentrations, stool output, and duration of recovery from diarrhoea among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral rehydration solutions containing glucose, rice powder, or glycine can be safely administered to diabetic patients with acute diarrhoea and some dehydration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Tissue and bacterial splitting of sulphasalazine.

1. The cleavage of sulphasalazine at the azo bond by bacterial suspensions and tissue homogenates has been studied in vitro. 2. For maximum activity the azo reductase system requires anaerobic conditions and the presence of cofactors, namely NADPH and FAD. In this respect, sulphasalazine resembles other azo dyes. 3. Under optimum conditions all the species of bacteria tested were capable of splitting sulphasalazine and there were no major differences in the degree of activity shown by different species. The enzyme system is located within the bacterial cell and does not leak out of it. 4. All the tissues tested, both human and rat, showed azo reductase activity. The liver showed a much higher activity than the other tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The value of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) using Chiba needle was employed to diagnose obstructive jaundice in 31 subjects. It was successful in all 27 (87%) subjects who had dilatation of the biliary tree. Out of them, 15 had features suggestive of carcinoma, 9 had features of stone and 3 had features of stricture of the common bile duct (CBD). Surgery was done in 11 cases and PTC diagnosis of carcinoma of CBD in 4 and stricture of the same in one subject were confirmed. While in the remaining 6 subjects with a PTC diagnosis of CBD stone, 4 were found to be so and 2 had stricture of the duct. Three subjects had complications such as bile peritonitis, cholangitis and shock. In majority of the cases, the biochemical parameters were inconclusive. These results suggest that PTC may be useful in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and this procedure should be employed more widely.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Metabolic and hormonal profile of the offsprings of conjugal diabetics.

Oral glucose tolerance response to blood glucose, serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels were studied on 159 offsprings of both parent diabetics (connubials). Fasting serum cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and total lipids were also measured in these subjects. We detected 6 diabetics out of 159 connubials at the time of our study. FFA level in 6 diabetic connubials were higher all time intervals than 153 non-diabetics connubials. Fasting and one hour post glucose response were less in 6 diabetic connubial but two hours post glucose IRI response to both 6 diabetic connubials and 153 non-diabetic connubials were same indicating a delayed insulin secretion in response to oral glucose level in 6 diabetic connubials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Basal and maximal acid output in chronic duodenal ulcer patients needing surgery.

Basal acid output (BAO) and maximal acid output (MAO) were studied in a group of duodenal ulcer patients needing surgical treatment and in a group of healthy control subjects. The MAO levels in both the patients and the controls were lower than those reported from Europe, North America or Hongkong but were similar to those from India. The BAO levels were similar to those observed by workers in other countries. The MAO levels of the duodenal ulcer patients were much higher than those of the control subjects and there was hardly any overlap between the two groups. The ulcer patients had levels of greater than 15.0 mmol/hour. Whether duodenal ulcer patients from Bangladesh with MAO values of over 15.0 mmol/hour will always need surgery remains to be studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Stool findings in "chronic dysentery".

Faecal samples from 63 subjects with self-diagnosis of "chronic dysentery" and 50 control subjects were examined under light microscope. Vegetative form of E.h. was not detected in any of them. E.h. cyst was found in 6.3% of the "chronic dysentery" subjects and in 16% of the control subjects. E. coli and Giardia were also detected less often in the "chronic dysentery" than the control subjects. Lower incidence of protozoa namely E.h. cyst, E. coli cyst or Giardia in the former group was probably due to frequent intake of antiamoebic agents which are also effective against other intestinal protozoa. Incidence of Ascaris, hookworm, and Trichuris was not appreciably different in the two groups. More subjects in the "chronic dysentery" group had normal stool findings (31%) as compared to the control subjects (16%). It has been inferred that E.h. infection is not the cause of symptoms of "chronic dysentery".

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A study on fasciolopsiasis in Bangladesh.

A study of infection with F. buski in children has been carried out in a rural area of Bangladesh. The rate of ova production was inversely related to the worm load. Subjects infected with F. buski had higher total leukocyte counts than the control subjects, but the two groups were not different with regard to haemoglobin level and other parameters of nutrition. These findings have been discussed. There was a high rate of infection (36.2%). Up to the age of 7 years, males and females were equally affected, but above this age the females predominated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Optimum dose of sulphasalazine for maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis.

Sulphasalazine is widely used in the maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis but the optimum dose is not known. In the present study, 170 patients were allotted at random to three treatment groups, in which the daily dose was 1, 2 and 4 g respectively, and the trial period of treatment lasted for six months. A daily dose of 2 g was found to be much more efficacious than 1 g. A daily dose of 4 g was more efficacious than 2 g but at the price of fairly frequent symptomatic side-effects. Haematological abnormalities were observed at all dosage levels, but they occurred chiefly among the patients on 4 g daily. Both symptomatic and the haematological side-effects were usually associated with high concentrations of serum sulphapyridine and these high levels occurred chiefly among the slow acetylators. It is concluded that, for general use, a daily dose of 2 g sulphasalazine is satisfactory for the maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis. If a patient does not do well on 2 g daily, it is worth trying a larger dose but in this case the patient's condition should be monitored by blood film, haemoglobin, MCV, and reticulocyte count.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Circulating levels of sulphasalazine and its metabolites and their relation to the clinical efficacy of the drug in ulcerative colitis.

One hundred and eighty-five patients with ulcerative colitis have been studied serially while receiving regular maintenance treatment with sulphasalazine (SASP) in a dose of 0.5 g four times daily. The circulating levels of the drug and its principal metabolites during remission do not influence the liability to relapse. When relapse does occur, the circulating level of sulphapyridine falls and remains depressed until remission occurs. This fall during a relapse is most pronounced when the patient suffers from universal colitis and is least marked in cases of distal colitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Predicting first professional M.B.B.S. examination score from the results of H.S.C. examination.

In a retrospective study carried out in Chittagong Medical College the results of HSC and First-Professional MBBS examination of 725 students were analysed. It was concluded from the analysis that if standard of HSC examination is well maintained the results of the said examination correlates well with students' performance in the First Professional MBBS examination. An analysis of admission into Chittagong Medical College in past 20 academic sessions has been made which shows that an increasing number of students securing high marks in HSC are being admitted into Medical College during recent years. The marking standard of HSC examination has however remained fairly uniform over the years except during early post-liberation period.

Achievement↗
PubMed1980

The treatment of fasciolopsiasis with niclosamide and dichlorophen.

Niclosamide and Dichlorophen have been tried in infection with F. buski in an endemic area of Bangladesh. Niclosamide is the commonly used agent for this condition, but was found to reduce the ova count by about 48.5% only and repeat treatment did not improve the result. Dichlorophen is advocated for tape worm, but was found to reduce the ova count by 83.3% and repeat treatment completely eradicated infection with F. buski.

Adolescent↗