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Biomedical subjects

A K Banerjee

Publications and source records attributed to A K Banerjee.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Local excision of rectal tumours.

Local excision of colorectal tumour may be palliative or curative. Recent advances in minimal access techniques have allowed curative excision to be offered to a wider range of patients. Absolute indications for potentially curative local excision include mobile tumours, T1 tumours (assessed by ultrasonography), well or moderately differentiated histology (determined by biopsy) and tumour size less than 3 cm. Relative indications include T2 and T3 tumours (by ultrasonography), poorly differentiated histology (by biopsy) and tumour size greater than 3 cm depending on patient fitness. The rationale for these recommendations is described in detail.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Non-extractive spectrophotometric determination of vanadium(v) in alloys and environmental, biological and soil samples using 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline.

An ultra-sensitive and highly selective non-extractive spectrophotometric method is presented for the rapid determination of vanadium(v) at trace levels using 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (DBHQ) as a new spectrophotometric reagent (lambda max = 400 nm) in slightly acidic solution (0.00015-0.016 mol-1 sulfuric acid). The reaction is instantaneous and the absorbance remains stable for over 48 h. The average molar absorption coefficient and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 6.1 x 10(3) l mol-1 cm-1 and 0.015 micrograms cm-2 of Vv, respectively. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.1-20 micrograms ml-1 of Vv: the stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 1:3 (V:DBHQ). Large excesses of over 50 cations, anions and complexing agents (e.g., tartrate, oxalate, citrate, phosphate, thio-urea, SCN-) do not interfere in the determination. The method was successfully used in the determination of vanadium in several Standard Reference Materials (alloys and steels) as well as in some environmental waters (potable and polluted), biological samples (human blood and urine), soil samples and complex synthetic mixtures. The method has high precision and accuracy (s = +/- 0.01 for 0.5 micrograms ml-1).

Alloys↗
PubMed1995

Casein kinase II is the P protein phosphorylating cellular kinase associated with the ribonucleoprotein complex of purified vesicular stomatitis virus.

Protein kinase activities associated with a highly purified transcriptionally active ribonucleoprotein complex from the virions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were isolated and characterized. Based upon several biochemical and immunological criteria, the protein kinase activity, which phosphorylated the bacterially expressed unphosphorylated (Po) protein, was shown to be cellular casein kinase II (CKII). These studies included inhibition of the protein kinase by specific inhibitors, phosphorylation of mutant phosphoproteins (P), immunoprecipitation by CKII antibody and Western blot analyses, and finally its ability to activate Po to synthesize RNA in a transcription-reconstitution reaction. The P protein is phosphorylated intracellularly by cellular CKII. The present study demonstrates that VSV specifically packages CKII which remains strongly associated with the ribonucleoprotein complex during morphogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding associated with chronic pancreatitis.

A 52 year old man with chronic pancreatitis presented with recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroscopy was normal, but visceral angiography suggested that there were gastric varices. Despite treatment with propranolol he had further episodes of bleeding and so underwent splenectomy to decompress the gastric varices. When the spleen was removed, however, an inflammatory mass in the head of the pancreas adherent to the posterior gastric wall was noted. Within it the splenic artery was visible and communicated with the gastric lumen through a small opening in the gastric wall. The artery was ligated and the patient has since had no further bleeding. Thus, chronic pancreatitis should be considered as a cause of recurrent upper gastro-intestinal bleeding, especially when gastroscopy is normal.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1995

Respiratory failure in acute pancreatitis.

There are a number of important pulmonary complications of acute pancreatitis which make a significant contribution to the morbidity and mortality of the condition. The pathophysiology and management guidelines are given for each and approaches towards better treatment in the future are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

An audit of fatal acute pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis has a mortality of about 10%: this figure has not changed over the last 20 years. A retrospective audit of fatal acute pancreatitis was performed in a teaching hospital with a catchment population of about 750,000 patients to examine patient characteristics. Using Hospital Activity Analysis code 577.0, all fatal cases of acute pancreatitis were studied in a six-year period 1987-93. Additionally, all post mortem diagnoses of acute pancreatitis were traced. The overall post mortem rate in Nottingham at the time of the study was about 35%. All available records, X-ray and biochemical data were studied and appropriate information recorded and analysed for 65 fatal cases. Only 15% were post mortem diagnoses, lower than in previous series; 72% had respiratory and 67% had renal complications. Only 34% had been admitted to the intensive care unit. A third of patients had had surgery; 67% of these was some form of external drainage. Of the 14 patients with proven gallstone pancreatitis only three had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; 42% of patients had idiopathic disease. Not all the patients diagnosed ante mortem had the full biochemical predicted severity criteria analysed: pO2 and calcium analysis was performed in about 80%. Pre-mortem diagnoses of pancreatitis was achieved more frequently than in other comparable series.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Quality assurance and quality management in the National Health Service.

This review deals with current views on quality assurance as relevant to both health care professionals and health service managers. The concept of quality is defined and a brief history of quality in the health service presented. The paper then explores political, social and economic factors which govern the provision of quality assurance in the modern health service. The possible effects of the health service reforms on quality management is discussed.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of hearing problems, and use of hearing aids among a sample of elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: Deterioration of hearing with advancing age is well documented. However, the proportion of elderly people with hearing problems who wear hearing aids is low. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hearing disability in a group of elderly patients in hospital and to determine their attitudes to hearing difficulties and the wearing of hearing aids. METHOD: A random sample of patients who were convalescing were interviewed. A detailed questionnaire was administered to patients regarding their hearing difficulties. RESULTS: A total of 79 patients were recruited. Twenty two patients were excluded because of low mental test scores, hence 57 patients (72%) were eligible for inclusion into the study. Thirty eight patients were women (mean age 81 years) and 19 were men (mean age 79 years). Thirty patients (53%) reported difficulties with their hearing, of whom 12 had hearing aids. Seventeen patients had consulted their general practitioner about their difficulties, 15 of whom had been referred for audiological examination. Thirteen patients chose not to consult about their hearing problems, to 'suffer in silence'. Of the 12 patients with hearing aids three reported discomfort or pain and five reported problems such as an ill-fitting hearing aid and excessive amplification. Six patients said they wore their hearing aid for less than four hours a day. CONCLUSION: Almost all patients consulting their general practitioner with hearing problems were referred for audiological examination but subsequent follow up, especially of problems with hearing aids, was poor. Better health education and case finding is indicated and patients with hearing aids must be questioned specifically about problems when they consult health professionals. Proper assessment, screening and follow up has implications for resources and training, especially of practice nurses.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Experiences with fine needle aspiration cytology as a diagnostic procedure for breast lesions in a Calcutta Hospital.

Nine hundred and forty cases of breast lesions were subjected to fine needle aspiration. Nine hundred twenty-four of them were females and sixteen were males. Smears from the 60 female cases were rejected as unsatisfactory. Of the remaining 864 female cases (aged 15 to 72 years) 704 (81.4%) were benign. Histopathological correlations were done in 448 cases with diagnostic accuracy of 97.3%. One hundred and sixty (18.5%) out of 864 females were malignant and cytohistological correlation was done in 142 cases with 98.6% corroboration. Ten of the 16 male cases were histologically examined with full corroboration. Overall accuracy considering both males and females was 98.6%. Though there was underdiagnosis involving 12 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma when the lesions were small and deeply situated there was no overdiagnosis in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Experimental models of acute pancreatitis.

Various models of experimental acute pancreatitis are described. An ideal model would be reproducible, have a similar natural history to that of the human disease and a similar response to treatment. Furthermore, it should be relatively cheap and simple. Few, if any, of the available experimental models completely satisfy these criteria. The appropriate choice of model is discussed, as are possible future developments in this field.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Hypothesis--pouchitis represents a useful clinical model of ulcerative colitis.

Various mechanisms have been proposed for the aetiology of inflammation in ileal pouches following restorative proctocolectomy. It is proposed that many of these processes may be involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, and therefore pouchitis may be used to study pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in general and, in particular, ulcerative colitis.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗