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Biomedical subjects

A K Batra

Publications and source records attributed to A K Batra.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Poisoning: an unnatural cause of morbidity and mortality in rural India.

BACKGROUND: Ninety-nine percent of fatal poisonings occur in developing countries, particularly among agricultural workers. In a particular area, it is important to known the magnitude and pattern of acute poisonings, as it is important for early diagnosis and treatment and also for preventive measures. METHODS: Hospital records of all unnatural causes of deaths were reviewed at Shri Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College, Yavatmal, Maharashtra during the five years period, 1997-2001. Autopsy records in fatal poisonings were studied for age, sex, residence, marital status, type of poison and manner of poisoning (accidental, suicidal or homicidal). Admission and death rates of acute poisonings were compared with those from other unnatural causes. RESULTS: Acute poisoning is the leading most cause of unnatural deaths and third common cause of emergency hospitalizations in this rural part of India. Of all fatal cases, 67% were males, 63% married, 83% with rural residence and 63.4% suicides. Responsible poison could not be ascertained in 16% of clinical and 9.9% of fatal cases. Insecticides were responsible for 35% of clinical and 55.4% of fatal cases. CONCLUSIONS: Young married males of rural background with agricultural occupation and failure of monsoon are the risk factors associated with poisoning cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Initial experience with the modified vaginal wall sling in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.

From March 1995 to March 1996 24 women aged 29-73 years with stress urinary incontinence underwent a modified vaginal wall sling procedure following videourodynamic evaluation. Of these 24, 2 had stress urinary loss due to urethral hypermobility (UH), 3 had intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) and 19 had both UH and ISD. Thirteen (54%) had preoperative urge incontinence, 13 (54%) had associated pelvic floor weakness, including cystocele, and 12 (50%) had had previous pelvic surgery and bladder neck suspension. Twenty-two patients were evaluable for a mean follow-up of 14 months (range 9-21 months). Stress urinary incontinence was resolved in all patients (100%). Of the patients with preoperative urge symptoms, 58% reported resolution but in 42% the urge symptoms remained unresolved. One new patient developed urge and occasional urge incontinence. Out of 22 patients 20 (90.9%) are totally continent; 2 (9.1%) are incontinent and both have documented detrusor instability and occasionally wear pads. The vaginal wall sling is an ideal procedure for the treatment of the various forms of stress urinary incontinence in women. In our series the early results indicate excellent patient acceptability and continence. Long-term follow-up will determine the durability of the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the elderly: complications (review).

Due to varying disease processes, the elderly may have limited oral access to their otherwise intact gastrointestinal tract. In such individuals, the intact gastrointestinal tract must be accessed in other ways. Until the early 1980s, choices were limited to temporary solutions such as the nasogastric tube or to long operative procedures such as the operative gastrostomy tube. The introduction of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) allowed a quick, safe, and cheap procedure as an option. While PEG tubes have been used to help many of the elderly with their nutritional needs, they are not without risks. Below is a review of the literature concerning PEG complications in the elderly.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1996

Pudendal nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with voiding and/or erectile dysfunction: correlating test results with clinical findings.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of pudendal nerve somatosensory evoked potential testing in patients with voiding and/or erectile dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 55 consecutive patients with voiding and/or erectile dysfunction underwent pudendal nerve somatosensory evoked potential testing during a 2.5-year period. P1 latencies were analyzed in terms of neurological history and neurological physical examination. RESULTS: Abnormal P1 latencies were noted in 46.7% of patients with a positive neurological history (p = 0.0060), 52.4% with a positive neurological physical examination (p = 0.0580), and 64.7% with a positive history and physical examination (p = 0.0007). No patient with a negative neurological history had abnormal P1 latencies. CONCLUSIONS: Positive neurological history and physical examination findings in patients with voiding and/or erectile dysfunction correlate significantly with abnormal pudendal nerve somatosensory evoked potential latencies. The subgroup of patients with a positive neurological history and physical examination has the greatest diagnostic yield and is best suited for pudendal nerve somatosensory evoked potential testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Implantable penile venous compression device: initial experience in the acute canine model.

We have designed a venous compression device implantable at the base of the penis outside the tunica albuginea. Because it does not require exposure of individual veins for ligation, the risk to the cavernous nerve is practically nil. It occludes the venous return only temporarily, and thus collaterals are less likely to occur. In this preliminary acute study in dogs (N = 13), the penile venous compression device was shown to be effective and safe in controlling penile venous drainage and maintaining rigid erection.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Detubularization-induced contractile response change of the ileum following ileocystoplasty.

We reported previously that following ileocystoplasty the structure and pharmacologic response of the implanted ileum changes towards that of the bladder. Specifically, the relaxation response to alpha adrenergic (methoxamine) and purinergic (ATP) stimulation reverses to a contractile response one month after the ileal segment is surgically made part of the urinary bladder. The present study was designed to investigate possible signals for this change and also to determine whether bladder responses would mimic the ileum if surgically interposed into the ileal stream. Rabbits in group 1 underwent bladder interposition into the functioning terminal ileum, rabbits in group 2 underwent tubularized ileocystoplasty and rabbits in group 3 underwent detubularized ileocystoplasty with urinary diversion. Twelve rabbits survived and were available for evaluation; five in group 1, three in group 2 and four in group 3. Analysis was done six weeks after surgery. In group 1 animals, the interposed bladder showed epithelial changes towards ileum and also a change in its in-vitro contractile responses towards that of ileum. In group 2 animals the tubular cystoplastic ileum showed minimal functional and morphologic changes. In group 3 animals, the defunctionalized, detubular cystoplastic ileum showed alpha adrenergic and purinergic response changes towards bladder. These results indicate that detubularization with interruption in the arrangement of smooth muscle fibers as well as the breach in the integrity of neuronal connections is likely to be the primary signal for the change in the ileum towards bladder induced by cystoplasty. The results can not rule out reinnervation of the intestinal segment by bladder nerves. In addition these data demonstrate that the pharmacologic response of the bladder changes towards the ileum within six weeks after the bladder is surgically made part of the ileum.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Pulmonary edema with nifedipine in primary pulmonary hypertension.

Despite occasional case reports, vasodilator therapy of primary pulmonary hypertension remains unsatisfactory. Nifedipine, a calcium channel antagonist, has recently been recommended for the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Transient mild side effects to this drug have been known. In this report we describe a case of primary pulmonary hypertension in whom oral nifedipine use was followed by fatal pulmonary edema. We suggest that nifedipine has the potential of causing life-threatening complications of pulmonary edema in patients with severe primary pulmonary hypertension, and in this condition it should be used cautiously.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Fetal liver transplantation in aplastic anemia.

Fetal liver transplantation was attempted in 7 patients with aplastic anemia. 4 of these patients showed a partial response as evidenced by decrease in blood transfusion requirements and increase in the peripheral blood counts and hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. Bone marrow culture studies revealed evidence of a temporary mixed lymphoid chimerism (cases 1 and 3). While case 1 lived for 16 months, case 3 is surviving at 17 months. None of the patients showed apparent graft-versus-host disease. Increased incidence of infections was noticed. Possible causes for the same are discussed. 3 patients failed to respond. Fetal liver transplant may be of therapeutic value in management of aplastic anemia.

Adolescent↗