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Biomedical subjects

A K Bixby

Publications and source records attributed to A K Bixby.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Public social welfare expenditures, fiscal years 1965-87.

The years from 1965 to 1976 were a period of great expansion in social welfare expenditures under public law. The entry of the Federal Government into the fields of health care and education was responsible for much of the growth in the first part of this period; high inflation produced increased spending in the later years. From 1977 to 1987, the rate of growth in social welfare spending slowed considerably. In fact, since 1983 the dominant characteristic of such expenditures has been their stability. Although the amount of money spent was higher in each year, little change occurred in the relative size or the apportionment of the funds. The 1987 expenditures continued this pattern. The total amount spent, $834.4 billion, represented an increase of 6.6 percent over the previous year. This amount equaled 18.8 percent of the gross national product. In constant dollar terms, the increase from 1986 to 1987 was 1.7 percent. The Federal Government provided 60-62 percent of all social welfare funding from 1980 to 1986. In 1987, this share fell slightly--to 59.9 percent. The programs for social insurance, public aid, veterans, and housing were primarily Federally funded, while education was largely a State and local responsibility. Governments at all levels spent 53.4 percent of their funds for social insurance purposes in 1987, slightly more than in 1986. However, the experience at different levels of government varied considerably. Federal spending increased 2 percent as a percent of all Federal expenditures, while State and local spending decreased about 1 percent.

Capital Expenditures↗
PubMed1981

Social welfare expenditures, fiscal year 1979.

In fiscal year 1979, social welfare expenditures under public programs amounted to $428.3 billion, an increase of 8.6 percent over the previous year. In constant 1979 dollars, however, 1979 expenditures decreased 0.2 percent from their 1978 level. Per capita social welfare spending also declined in "real" terms, falling 1 percentage point between 1978 and 1979. Social welfare expenditures as a proportion of the gross national product continued the declining trend that began in 1977. From a 1976 high of 20.4 percent, such expenditures fell to 18.5 percent in 1979.

Economics↗
PubMed1980

Social welfare expenditures, fiscal year 1978.

In fiscal year 1978, social welfare expenditures under public laws reached $394.5 billion, a 9.1-percent increase over the previous year. When adjusted for price and population changes, the total was only 2.5 percent higher in "real" terms. Per capita real expenditures rose by 1 percent in 1978, compared with an increase of 2 percent in 1977. For the second successive year, social welfare expenditures declined as a proportion of the gross national product (GNP), falling from 20.4 percent in 1976 to 19.7 percent in 1977 and to 19.3 percent in 1978. With private social welfare expenditures included, total social welfare expenditures in 1978 rose to $548.9 billion, a figure that represented 26.9 percent of the GNP.

Education↗