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Biomedical subjects

A K Garg

Publications and source records attributed to A K Garg.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Presence of antisperm antibodies in fertile and infertile persons.

The sera of 70 infertile and 30 fertile couples were tested for the presence of sperm agglutinins with Kibrick's macroagglutination technique and Boyden's haemagglutination test. 15.7% of the couples studied showed the presence of sperm agglutinins (by Kibrick's method) of which 5.7% were from males and 10.0% were from females. By the haemagglutination test, 13% of the couples studied were found to possess sperm agglutinins, of which 3% were from males and 10% were from females. 30 fertile men and women studied for sperm agglutinins were found to be negative by both methods. It was also observed that these two tests detected different types of sperm agglutinins. The cervical mucus samples from 45 females (15 fertile and 30 infertile) were tested for sperm agglutinins with a mucus penetration test. 23.1, 16.5, and 57.4% of the samples from infertile females, showed 0-degree, 1-degree and 2-degree penetration respectively. In case of samples from fertile females, 6.6, 13.2 and 79.2% showed 0-degree, 1-degree and 2-degree penetration respectively. Addition of serum from infertile females to cervical mucus from the infertile female increased the 0-degree penetration percent cases to 50%, as compared with 23.1 when only cervical mucus was used. Addition of serum from fertile females, or horse serum or pure albumin or globulins did not increase the 0-degree penetration cases.

Agglutinins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Etretinate in the management of harlequin siblings.

Harlequin fetus is the severe form of congenital ichthyosis. There are very few reports of babies with this condition surviving the first few weeks of life. We treated two siblings who lived for 22 months and six weeks respectively. We started treatment with oral etretinate every early in their lives and achieved good improvement in the skin condition of these babies.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of culture media on in vitro susceptibility testing of fluconazole against some yeasts.

Thirty clinical isolates, comprising six strains of Candida albicans, and four strains each of C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Torulopsis glabrata and Trichosporon beigelii were tested against fluconazole, using Sabouraud's dextrose (SD) broth and a high resolution (HR) medium (Pfizer Central Research, Inc.). The procedure was a standard tube (1 ml/tube) dilution, and C. albicans Y01 09 was included as a reference strain to monitor quality and reproducibility. Results indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for all isolates of C. albicans, C. lusitaniae, C. tropicalis, and Tr. beigelii were 100 micrograms ml-1 or greater in the SD medium. In the HR medium, however, the MICs for two isolates of C. albicans were 1.56 micrograms ml-1, in other four gave higher values (greater than 100 micrograms ml-1), and the results for C. lusitaniae and Tr. beigelii were in the range 1.56-3.12 micrograms ml-1. The MICs for C. tropicalis were unaffected (100 micrograms ml-1) by the medium used. All Cr. neoformans isolates yielded a uniform value (1.56 micrograms ml-1) in HR medium as compared to somewhat more variable results (MICs 0.39-1.56 micrograms ml-1) in SD broth. The MICs for T. glabrata in the SD and HR media were 3.12-12.5 and 6.25 micrograms ml-1, respectively. The data indicated that the HR medium is preferable for the in vitro susceptibility testing of C. albicans, C. lusitaniae and Tr. beigelii to fluconazole. The MICs for other yeasts were not affected by the culture medium. The reference C. albicans isolate yielded an MIC of 1.56 micrograms ml-1 throughout.

Candida↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the detection of cryptococcal antigen.

A total of 143 cerebrospinal and serum samples, from proven and suspected cases of cryptococcosis, were concurrently examined using a recently introduced enzyme immunoassay (EIA Premier, Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) and three latex agglutination (LA) procedures (Immunomycologics, Inc., Norman, OK, USA; IBL, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, USA and a non-commercial LA test). Of these 143 specimens, 115 were negative for cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) with the EIA and LA tests. The remaining 28 specimens were evaluated by the LA tests, and all were positive for CrAg (with titres ranging from 1:2 to 1:8192). Of these 28 LA-positive specimens, 26 were also tested by the EIA. This procedure detected CrAg in 23 specimens (88.5%), with antigen levels ranging from 1:4 to 1:266,857. There were 3 LA-positive specimens (tires 1:4 to 1:32) which were negative by the EIA procedure (10.7%). One LA-negative specimen demonstrated CrAg (titre 1:30) by the EIA procedure. The sensitivity of the EIA and LA tests was 85.2 and 100%, respectively. The specificity of the LA test was 100%, whereas that of the EIA was 97%. The agreement among laboratories for testing the specimens with the three LA tests was 100%.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients with chronic hepatitis--potential risks when undergoing dental surgery: review and case report.

This is a case report of a 17-year-old male patient with chronic autoimmune active hepatitis (CAAH) who was referred to our clinic for dental treatment prior to his undergoing liver transplant surgery. Coagulation problems and the implications of long-term corticosteroid usage in patients with chronic hepatitis are presented. Differences in the etiology, histology, clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment, and prognosis are reviewed for the three separate but related forms of chronic hepatitis--persistent, lobular, and active hepatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro sensitivity of medically significant Fusarium species to various antimycotics.

Sixteen isolates belonging to Fusarium chlamydosporum (n = 4), Fusarium equiseti (n = 1), Fusarium moniliforme (n = 2), Fusarium oxysporum (n = 3), Fusarium proliferatum (n = 1), and Fusarium solani (n = 5) were tested against amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, JAI-amphotericin B (water-soluble compound), hamycin and amphotericin B combined with 5-fluorocytosine, using antibiotic medium M3, high-resolution broth (pH 7.1), Sabouraud's dextrose, and yeast-nitrogen broth media (1 ml/tube). The minimal inhibitory and minimal fungicidal concentrations of 5-fluorocytosine and fluconazole for all species were > 100 micrograms/ml. All Fusarium isolates, except F. equiseti (3.125 micrograms), gave minimal inhibitory concentrations of 12.5-100 micrograms/ml for hamycin. The values for amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, JAI-amphotericin B, and amphotericin B combined with 5-fluorocytosine were 1.56-100, 0.78-50, 3.125-100,50-100, and 1.56 to > 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. Although a wide range of minimal inhibitory concentrations was recorded for most of the isolates studied, it appears that some--F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. chlamydosporum, F. equiseti, and F. moliniforme--were more susceptible to amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, hamycin, and amphotericin B in the presence of 5-fluorocytosine. All isolates showed resistance to 5-fluorocytosine and fluconazole. The minimal fungicidal concentrations were either the same or several times higher than the minimal inhibitory concentrations.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve with simultaneous implant placement: surgical techniques.

In the event of moderate to severe mandibular bone resorption posterior to the mental foramen, repositioning of the inferior alveolar nerve provides a greater amount of available bone for implant placement and reduces the risk of nerve injury. While neural paresthesia may initially occur, this altered sensation generally resolves spontaneously. Alveolar nerve repositioning may be possible in cases in which other procedures cannot be performed due to the extent of atrophy of the posterior mandibular alveolar crest. This article presents the surgical technique to achieve this objective.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osseointegration of rough acid-etched titanium implants: 5-year follow-up of 100 minimatic implants.

During 1992, 100 Minimatic screw implants made of titanium alloy (titanium-aluminum-vanadium) with a machined rough acid-etched surface were placed in 63 consecutive partially edentulous patients. At second-stage surgery, which was performed after a 4- to 6-month healing period, none of the implants showed signs of mobility, peri-implant infection, or bone loss from the crest of the ridge. Each patient was restored with a fixed prosthesis and reexamined every 3 months during the first year. Periapical radiographs were taken annually up to 5 years. These revealed no signs of peri-implant radiolucencies involving any of the implants, and mean alveolar bone loss was less than 1 mm at the 5-year examination. One implant was considered a late failure because of a peri-implant infection that developed during the first year, although the implant was still functional at year 5. Another patient with 2 implants dropped out during the fifth year of the study, although both implants had been considered successful up to that point. Based on annual measurements of Plaque Index, Sulcular Bleeding index, pocket probing depth, attachment level, width of keratinized mucosa, and hand-tested mobility, 97 of the remaining 98 implants were considered successful, resulting in a 98% success rate. This 5-year study confirms that Minimatic machined acid-etched implants provide predictable osseointegration results and supports the conclusion of other reports that titanium implants with a rough surface can fulfill the requirements of Albrektsson et al (1986) for implant success.

Alloys↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Augmentation grafting of the maxillary sinus and simultaneous implant placement in patients with 3 to 5 mm of residual alveolar bone height.

This study assessed the efficacy of augmentation grafting of the maxillary sinus with simultaneous placement of dental implants in patients with less than 5 mm of alveolar crestal bone height in the posterior maxilla prior to grafting, although the procedure has traditionally been contraindicated based on empirical data. A total of 160 hydroxyapatite-coated implants was placed into 63 grafted maxillary sinuses in 63 patients whose crestal bone height in this region ranged from 3 to 5 mm. Patients were followed for 2 to 4 years after the placement of definitive prostheses. There were no postoperative sinus complications. Following uncovering of the implants at 9 months after surgery, there was no clinical or radiographic evidence of crestal bone loss around the implants. Histologic examination of bone cores from the grafted sites revealed successful integration and a high degree of cellularity. All patients maintained stable implant prostheses during follow-up. These findings indicate that the single-step procedure is a feasible option for patients with as little as 3 mm of alveolar bone height prior to augmentation grafting, utilizing hydroxyapatite-coated implants and autogenous bone.

Adult↗