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Biomedical subjects

A K Peterson

Publications and source records attributed to A K Peterson.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Population analysis of once-daily dosing of gentamicin in patients with neutropenia.

BACKGROUND: Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used as first-line therapy in the treatment of patients with febrile neutropenia. However, there is little information on the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in this specific patient group and whether they differ from the accepted population values. AIM: To determine the population pharmacokinetics of gentamicin for patients with febrile neutropenia, with or without sepsis. METHODS: Data were collected from 26 patients with febrile neutropenia receiving once-daily gentamicin. Patient age, height, weight, estimated lean body weight (LBW), gender, serum creatinine (SCr), creatinine clearance (Cl(Cr)), and serum drug concentration data were collected. Severity of infection and degree of neutropenia were assessed. An initial two-stage population analysis using a Bayesian dose-individualisation programme was performed to estimate likely population values of the parameters. If these were significantly different from typical values then a true population analysis was to be performed. RESULTS: Data for 13 female and 13 male patients were collected. Median age was 57 years (range 19 to 87 years), estimated LBW (kg) = 66 (+/- 10), Cl(Cr) (1/hour) = 5.6 (+/- 2.0) (mean +/- SD). Results of the two-stage approach follow [initial population values in square brackets]: Cl (1/hour) = 0.73 (+/- 0.12) x Cl(Cr) + 0.01 x LBW [0.70 (+/- 0.27) x Cl(Cr) + 0.01 x LBW]; Vd (1) = 0.28 (+/- 0.05) x LBW [0.27 (+/- 0.06) x LBW]. CONCLUSIONS: The population values of Cl and Vd from the two-stage approach do not differ significantly from initial population values of Cl and Vd. Patients receiving gentamicin for febrile neutropenia may be considered pharmacokinetically similar to the general population receiving gentamicin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Case five. Development of criteria for hospital acquisition.

The problem explored in this case is the pursuit of horizontal and vertical growth by a multi-institutional system through hospital acquisition. Emphasis is on the selection of appropriate means to identify candidates for acquisition. Since the system did not have extensive experience in formal evaluation of acquisition candidates, it was necessary for system management to develop criteria for acquisition and a process by which to evaluate the criteria. The case is a good example of a thoroughly considered growth orientation.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Proline aminopeptidase activity as a rapid diagnostic test to confirm bacterial vaginosis.

Two biochemical indicators of bacterial vaginosis, proline aminopeptidase activity and gas-liquid chromatographic analysis, were compared. Five hundred women had their vaginal secretions tested for pH, presence of a positive amine test, levels of volatile and nonvolatile short-chain organic acids, and proline aminopeptidase activity. In addition, direct microscopic and Gram stain examinations were performed. Of the 500 women, 349 (70%) had some form of vaginitis. One hundred sixteen were diagnosed as having bacterial vaginosis, and 69 of these (59%) had Mobiluncus sp on either direct microscopic or Gram stain examination. Two hundred thirty-three had either mixed or other forms of vaginitis. One hundred fifty-one patients were normal. The sensitivity of the proline aminopeptidase assay was 83 and 79%, respectively, in patients having bacterial vaginosis with and without Mobiluncus morphotypes. In contrast, gas-liquid chromatography of short-chain organic acids had sensitivities of 71 and 30%, respectively. Specificity of both assays was about 95%. The greater sensitivity of the proline aminopeptidase assay, especially in patients without Mobiluncus morphotypes, proves its superiority.

Aminopeptidases↗