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Biomedical subjects

A K Slob

Publications and source records attributed to A K Slob.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Psychosexual adjustment of children and adolescents after different types of hypospadias surgery: a norm-related study.

PURPOSE: We studied the psychosexual adjustment, sexual behavior and genital appraisal of 9 to 18-year-old hypospadias patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We interviewed 116 hypospadias patients and 88 comparison subjects in a semi-structured manner. RESULTS: Hypospadias patients had a more negative genital appraisal and anticipated more ridicule by a partner because of penile appearance than comparison subjects but they did not have a different sexual adjustment. No significant impact of medical treatment (surgical procedures, number of operations or age at final surgery) was noted. Many hypospadias patients (38.8%) desired functional or cosmetic penile improvement. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to procedures that bring the meatus to a more terminal position, those that bring it more ventral can be performed without negatively affecting psychosexual adjustment. Hypospadias patients were reluctant to seek advice for problems and, therefore, they should be followed through adolescence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Psychosexual adjustment of men who underwent hypospadias repair: a norm-related study.

PURPOSE: Psychosexual adjustment, sexual functioning and genital appraisal were studied in adult hypospadias patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 73 hypospadias patients and 50 comparison subjects received a semi-structured interview. RESULTS: More hypospadias patients (32.8%) than comparison subjects (12.8%) had been inhibited in seeking sexual contacts. Hypospadias patients reported a more negative genital appraisal than comparison subjects but did not have a different sexual adjustment. The severity of hypospadias negatively affected genital appraisal. Patient age at final operation positively correlated with sociosexual development. Many patients (37%) desired functional or cosmetic penile improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of hypospadias patients experienced a normal adult sex life. They were reluctant to seek advice for problems. We recommend followup of patients through adolescence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Males located caudally in the uterus affect sexual behavior of male rats in adulthood.

It has been suggested that the sexual differentiation of female rats is affected by androgens from male fetuses in the uterine horn (intra-uterine position phenomenon). Effects of adjacent males, as well as of males located caudally in the uterus have been reported. The present study investigated whether male rats, like females, are affected by the presence of either caudal or adjacent male littermates. When tested in adulthood for sexual behavior, males that had male fetuses located caudally in the uterine horn showed shorter latencies to the first mount or intromission and shorter latencies to ejaculation, and exhibited more mounts and intromissions per minute than males that lacked caudal male siblings in the uterus. The presence of adjacent males did not significantly affect the parameters studied in this experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

SDN-POA volume, sexual behavior, and partner preference of male rats affected by perinatal treatment with ATD.

The present study investigated 1) the importance of the aromatization process during the perinatal period for the development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (SDN-POA) of male rats, and 2) the relationship between SDN-POA volume and parameters of masculinization in male rats that were treated perinatally with the aromatase-inhibitor ATD. Males were treated with ATD either prenatally or pre- and neonatally, or with the vehicle. Masculine sexual behavior and partner preference were investigated in adulthood. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and SDN-POA volume was measured. The SDN-POA volume was reduced in both the prenatally and the pre- and neonatally treated group, with a larger reduction in the latter than in the former group. Combined pre- and neonatal ATD treatment resulted in reduced frequency of mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations, as well as a reduced preference for a female over a male. The SDN-POA size was significantly and positively correlated with frequency of masculine sexual behavior, as well as preference for a female over a male.

Androstatrienes↗
PubMed1994

A semiautomated test apparatus for studying partner preference behavior in the rat.

A semiautomated three-compartment box (3CB) for studying partner preference behavior of rats is described. This apparatus automatically records the rat's time spent in each compartment, as well as the locomotor activity (i.e., the number of visits an animal pays to each compartment). Software was developed for calculating partner preference scores. Behavioral testing in the semiautomated 3CB, which is a modification of an earlier version, is less time consuming and less laborious. Three 3CBs can be observed simultaneously by two trained observers, and the behavioral interactions of three experimental animals with the stimulus animals can be observed and scored by hand. The use of the new apparatus was validated by studying adult partner preference behavior of neonatally ATD-treated male rats. The collected data fully corroborate previous results, obtained in the earlier version of the 3CB, again revealing the behavioral bisexual nature of these ATD males. A new finding was the much higher locomotor activity of the ATD males compared to controls.

Androstatrienes↗
PubMed1994

The use of vibrotactile stimulation for determining sexual potency in the laboratory in men with erectile problems: methodological considerations.

Vibrotactile stimulation, when used in combination with visual sexual stimulation, has been shown to enhance erectile response in sexually functional men. The present study attempted to describe a diagnostic methodology, including the development and application of a new mini-vibrator, that might enhance penile response in men with erection problems. Tests on 78 men with either erectile dysfunction (ED), or a combination of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation (ED+PE), showed that vibratory stimulation together with an erotic video (EV+VT), produced greater penile response than the erotic video alone (EV). The new mini-vibrator was more effective than a previously used model, and produced clinically significant increases in erectile response in ED+PE men. In addition, the enhancing effect of the combined stimulation on self-reported penile response was greater when it followed EV than when it preceded it. The use of vibrotactile stimulation and visual sexual stimulation together may therefore assist in determining the potential sexual potency of men experiencing erection problems during the process of differential diagnosis.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1994

The patient with erection problems and his general practitioner.

Ninety general practitioners (GPs) interviewed about 136 of their latest patients and 38 of these patients participated in a study on the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). On average one GP saw 4 patients with ED in one year. About half of these patients were 60 years or over, nearly all had steady relationships, and their level of education seemed to be above average. There was a median patient delay of about one year between the onset and presentation of the complaint. Doctors and patients differed markedly in their reports on the diagnosis and the treatment outcome. Doctors favoured a psychosocial cause, patients a somatic cause. In general, doctors had a more positive view on the results of treatment, while patients were often disappointed. Nevertheless, a much higher proportion of the patients than was expected by the doctors wished to renew contact with their doctor.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

An investigation into the management of patients with erection problems in general practice.

In a study on the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in general practice, a self-selected sample of 90 general practitioners (GPs) (76 males, 14 females) from a predominantly urban population of 525 GPs were interviewed. It appeared that 59% would not actively interrogate a patient when an erection problem was suspected, either because of lack of time or lack of competence. A specific strategy for the management of erection problems was reported by 60% of the GPs. In practice, most GPs treated their own patients. About 60% of the GPs tried to keep up to date through reading and postgraduate courses. Impediments acknowledged in the interaction with patients were the experience of lack of knowledge and skills (63%) and emotional inhibitions to detailed questioning (49%). None of the GPs in this study had as yet utilized more recent treatment methods such as intracavernous drug injections and vacuum constriction devices. It is recommended that in postgraduate training courses GPs receive practical training in proper history taking and in the application of modern treatment methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Testosterone is required for the stimulatory effects of 8-OH-DPAT on sexual behavior in castrated male rats.

The stimulatory effects of 8-OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin) on male sexual behavior in the absence and presence of testosterone were investigated. Male rats (n = 12) were castrated and tested for sexual behavior (15 min, with an estrous female) up to 1 year after castration. Castration caused an abrupt decrease (50%) in the number of intromissions before first ejaculation, and the number remained stable for about 8 weeks. Between 8-12 weeks after castration, when ejaculation frequency was low, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT had no effect on ejaculation frequency, but significantly decreased the number of intromissions before first ejaculation. In weeks 17-18 after castration, 0.4 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT no longer affected copulatory behavior. A 5-mm testosterone-filled Silastic capsule (implanted at week 19 after castration) resulted in subnormal plasma testosterone levels (mean 4.4 nmol/l) and did not fully restore male copulatory behavior. Administration of 8-OH-DPAT (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) was followed by an increase in ejaculation frequency and a decrease in ejaculation latency. Five months later, when plasma testosterone levels were very low (mean 0.6 nmol/l), 8-OH-DPAT (0.4 mg/kg) significantly increased the mean number of intromissions and ejaculations and decreased the number of intromissions before first ejaculation, intromission latency and ejaculation latency (borderline). The present results suggest that testosterone is required for the activating effects of 8-OH-DPAT on sexual behavior in castrated male rats, tested 17-52 weeks after castration.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1993

Hormonal regulation of adult partner preference behavior in neonatally ATD-treated male rats.

Male rats, neonatally treated with ATD (1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione), which blocks the aromatization of testosterone into estradiol (E2), were tested for adult partner preference behavior (PPB; estrous female vs. active male). Castration caused a decrease in preference for the female partner in all males, with ATD males showing lower preference for the female partner than controls. Long-term castrated males did not show preference for either partner. Precastration levels of PPB in control males occurred after treatment with E2 or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) plus E2. DHT alone had no effect on PPB. With E2 alone, the ATD males clearly preferred the male partner. When DHT was added, these ATD males showed no preference for either partner or a low preference for the female partner. In conclusion, adult PPB in male rats is activated by endogenous testosterone or by both its metabolites (DHT and E2) or by E2 alone. ATD males showed a much lower preference for the female. There was a differential effect of DHT and E2: DHT had no effect, but E2 clearly caused ATD males to prefer the male partner and control males to prefer the female partner.

Androstatrienes↗
PubMed1993

Organization of partner preference and sexual behavior and its nocturnal rhythmicity in male rats.

Male rats were neonatally treated with 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD), which blocks aromatization of testosterone (T) to estradiol (E2), from Days 0, 2, or 5 through 14. Adult partner preference behavior (PPB; choice between estrous female rat [F] and active male rat [M]) was studied in the early part of the dark phase of the light-dark (LD) cycle. ATD Day 0 Ms showed a preference for the stimulus M or showed no preference for either of the stimulus Ss. Controls preferred the estrous F. ATD Days 2 and 5 Ms showed PPB intermediate between ATD Day 0 Ms and controls. Thus the neonatally sensitive period for organization of adult PPB extends beyond Day 5. Furthermore, PPB showed a nocturnal rhythmicity in ATD Ms but not in controls. In the late part of the dark phase, all Ms showed a preference for the stimulus F. ATD Days 2 and 5 Ms and control Ms were no longer different in PPB, but ATD Day 0 Ms still showed significantly lower preference scores for F than all other Ms. Thus the E2 metabolite of T suppresses organization of an adult nocturnal rhythm in PPB.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Penile sensitivity in men with premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction.

Previous research indicates that penile sensitivity is typically lower in men with erectile dysfunction than in age-matched controls. On the assumption that sensitivity might be greater in men with short ejaculation latency (premature ejaculation), the present research investigated penile threshold (sensitivity) to vibrotactile stimulation in men with premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, or a combination of the two. Premature ejaculators showed thresholds commensurate with controls, while men with erectile dysfunction, or combined erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, showed significantly elevated thresholds. Although premature ejaculators did not show penile hypersensitivity, there was a significant correlation in this group between ejaculation latency and threshold. Overall, these findings argue against a primary role for penile sensitivity in ejaculation latency, and suggest that other somatic factors or cognitive factors may play the more critical role in premature ejaculation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Psychosexual functioning in women with complete testicular feminization: is androgen replacement therapy preferable to estrogen?

Effects of oral testosterone undecanoate (Andriol) on blood hormone levels, moods, sociosexual functioning and self-image of the body were studied in four gonadectomized patients with complete testicular feminization. In a double-blind cross-over experiment, patients were treated with oral testosterone undecanoate (120 mg/day) or placebo for four weeks. Peripheral blood was taken for hormone assays at the end of each four-week period. Psychosexual functioning was reported once weekly, mood scales twice weekly. In three patients testosterone treatment resulted in adult male blood levels of testosterone and estradiol. One patient did not show increased steroid levels, possibly because of hyperthyroxinaemia. No systematic effects were found on coitus, masturbation, sexual thoughts, scores on desire for bodily contact, and on attention for physical appearance. In one patient there was a marked and sustained rise in the positive moods and a fall in negative moods during androgen treatment. These results do not demonstrate that androgen therapy is preferable to estrogen in gonadectomized women with complete testicular feminization with regard to psychosexual functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

New device for penile vibrotactile stimulation: description and preliminary results.

A small, lightweight mini-vibrator for measuring penile sensitivity is described. Data on subjective thresholds to vibrotactile stimulation were collected from sexually functional and dysfunctional men during both flaccid and tumescent penile states. Two sites, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the glans penis, were stimulated. Results indicated a significant correlation between thresholds obtained with the mini-vibrator and those obtained with another stimulating device. In addition, the patterns of sensitivity in the flaccid and in the tumescent penis were similar to those found in previously studied samples of sexually functional and dysfunctional men. This device has advantages over other vibrators in that it can be attached directly to the penis and does not lose contact with the penile surface during tumescence.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1992

Vibrotactile stimulation enhances sexual response in sexually functional men: a study using concomitant measures of erection.

The role of vibrotactile stimulation on the penis in producing erection was investigated in 34 sexually functional men. Subjects were presented with three stimulus segments: erotic video (VID); vibrotactile stimulation (VT) applied to the underside of the penis; and combined vibrotactile and erotic video stimulation (VID+VT). Maximum erectile response was recorded to each stimulus using both an erectiometer and a Barlow strain gauge. Self-reported sexual arousal and affective response to each stimulus segment were also obtained. Results indicated significant variation in erectile response and self-reported arousal over the stimulus segments. Erectile response was lowest to VT alone and highest to VID+VT for both erectile measures, although the pattern of change across stimuli was different for each measure. Self-reported sexual arousal was consistent with erectile measures, but the difference between VID and VID+VT was not statistically significant. VT stimulation alone was perceived as somewhat unpleasant; both VID and VID+VT were perceived as more pleasant than VT, but VID and VID+VT did not differ significantly from each other. This study demonstrates that, while not perceived as more pleasurable or arousing, VT stimulation on the penis combined with erotic video stimulation augments erectile response in functional men in a controlled laboratory situation. The possible use of this methodology for the improved study of men with sexual dysfunctions is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bisoprolol and hypertension: effects on sexual functioning in men.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate prospectively the effects of the selective beta 1 adrenoceptor blocker bisoprolol on sexuality of men with hypertension. DESIGN: In newly diagnosed patients (group I): double-blind, crossover, placebo controlled. In men with hypertension on antihypertensive treatment (group II): crossover design. SETTING: Large area in and around Rotterdam, The Netherlands. PATIENTS: Twenty-six men (criteria: between 25 and 70; no disease etc. known to affect sexual functioning) were recruited through their general practitioners. Group I (n = 13) fulfilled the selection criteria, sitting blood pressure systolic > or = 160 mm Hg and/or diastolic > or = 95 mm Hg, measured on 3 different days. Group II (n = 13) patients already on antihypertensive treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data on blood pressure. Qualitative and quantitative data on sexuality through questionnaires, including personal and sexual history, sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction and erectile difficulties. RESULTS: Bisoprolol is an effective antihypertensive drug with no detrimental effects on sexuality in newly diagnosed men with hypertension. In men already on antihypertensive medication bisoprolol improved sexuality in some parameters, i.e. firmness of erection during coitus, contentedness with sexual functioning and satisfaction with own sexuality. CONCLUSION: Bisoprolol is an effective antihypertensive agent with no sexual side effects.

Adult↗