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Biomedical subjects

A K Sood

Publications and source records attributed to A K Sood.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Tumorigenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-cDNA-transfected L1210 lymphoma and its in vivo variants is modulated by changes in IL-2 expression; potential therapeutic implications.

To study parameters that affect the tumorigenicity of L1210 lymphoma we have analyzed the structure of MHC class I antigens of this tumor. In addition this tumor was transfected with interleukin-2 (IL-2) cDNA in order to determine the effects of high concentrations of IL-2 within the tumor environment. The nucleotide sequence of the class I Kd, Dd and Ld mRNAs from this tumor showed that the encoded amino acid sequence of the corresponding antigens is normal, thus suggesting that the tumorigenicity of L1210 lymphoma is not due to defective antigen presentation to tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. In contrast, induction of IL-2 expression by cDNA transfection led to loss of tumorigenicity of the IL-2-secreting tumor cells. However, a fraction of long-term-surviving mice developed progressively growing variant tumors that showed substantial decrease or loss of IL-2 expression. These results suggest that IL-2 secretion by tumors is suicidal but, because of tumor heterogeneity, IL-2-loss-variant tumors may arise that are able to escape the immune defenses of the host. The observed consistent loss of IL-2 expression in variant tumors implies that specific targeting of large quantities of IL-2 to tumor cells may be a valuable approach to immunotherapy of cancer. In addition we find that under specific gamma ray irradiation IL-2-secreting tumor cells lose their ability to multiply yet continue to secrete IL-2 at levels equivalent to those secreted by unirradiated cells. Such IL-2-secreting irradiated tumor cells were found to be superior immunogens in comparison to the irradiated parental tumor cells, suggesting their use as tumor vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Nutritional beliefs amongst Anganwadi workers.

Knowledge about nutritive value of common foods, dietary beliefs during antenatal period, lactation, and during a few common diseases was assessed amongst 92 Anganwadi workers (AWW). All the workers were aware of the fact that during pregnancy, mothers require extra calories in order to meet the demand of fetus and 79.3% believed that simple multimix of cereals, pulses and oil prepared at home is much more nutritive than commercial weaning foods besides being cheaper. Nearly one fourth of the workers believed that both non-vegetarian foods as well as pulses should be avoided during the later half of pregnancy. Only 14.2% of AWW were not in favour of giving any food during episode of diarrhea while 27.2% believed that less food should be given to children suffering from pneumonia. It is suggested that there is need for updating the knowledge of AWW by continued in service health training.

Attitude↗
PubMed1991

Multiple glomangiomas of lower limb.

A young man with multiple painful nodules on the left lower limb is presented. Histology of one of the nodules proved the diagnosis of glomangioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Assessment of knowledge and skills about growth monitoring amongst child development project officers.

Knowledge and skills about growth monitoring (GM) amongst Child Development Project Officers (CDPOs) were assessed by interview technique. Majority (94%) of subjects had correct knowledge that GM helps in early detection of growth retardation while about 83% felt that a flattened growth curve indicates no weight gain. The percentages of CDPOs who were able to interpret and read correctly about what ascending descending and flattened growth curves indicate were 83, 71 and 50% respectively. There is thus a need of in-service training of CDPOs in GM activities.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1991

Assessment of knowledge and skills about growth monitoring amongst multipurpose workers in an ICDS project.

Knowledge and skills amongst 34 multipurpose workers working in an ICDS project about growth monitoring was assessed using interview technique. All workers had correct knowledge about rationale of growth monitoring. A total of 73.5% and 94.1% had knowledge that flattened growth curve indicates no weight gain and descending growth indicates decrease in weight, respectively.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1990

Knowledge of nutritive values of foods and diet during diseases amongst nursing students.

Knowledge about nutritive value of foods and diet during diseases was assessed amongst forty nine nursing students at the beginning of their training course in Human Nutrition. Majority of the students had correct knowledge about dietary advice during antenatal and postnatal period. The knowledge of nutritive values of foods and diet during disease conditions was inadequate.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1990

Maternal beliefs regarding diet during common childhood illnesses.

Maternal beliefs regarding diet during common childhood illnesses--diarrhea, fever, measles, cough and marasmus were determined in 143 rural mothers by using the interview technique. Some foods were preferred while others were restricted during episode of each illness, depending upon their 'hot' and 'cold', 'light' and 'heavy' and other characteristics, as determined by locally prevalent traditional dietary beliefs. 'Cold' foods like curd, butter milk were restricted during an episode of cough while 'hot' foods like tea, ginger with honey, were preferred. During diarrhea, 'light' foods like khichri, diluted milk and 'easy to digest' were preferred while 'heavy' foods like undiluted milk, roti and 'difficult to digest' were restricted. The study revealed that for a successful health education, it is important to identify local cultural practices and beliefs. The useful practices should be encouraged and reinforced while the harmful ones should be discouraged.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

Morbidity pattern in children below three years attending a rural health centre in Haryana.

Morbidity pattern of children below three years attending a rural health centre was studied prospectively for one year. All children were first examined by a doctor and the diagnoses made were compiled and analysed. The common morbidity conditions found were pyoderma (23.65%), respiratory infection (21.18%), diarrhea (20.05%), unspecified fever (11.75%), ear infection (6.58%) and eye infection (5.46%). The maximum episodes of morbidity were recorded in summer season (39.22%) followed by rainy (31.36%) and winter season (30.16%).

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Goitre in school girls of the Mewat area of Haryana.

A survey was carried out on 5449 school girls aged 10-16 years in the Mewat area of Haryana for goitre. The overall prevalence of goitre was nearly 29.5%. Thus goitre was a public health problem in the region. Analysis of the water sources in the study population used for drinking and cooking purposes revealed low iodine content, high mineral contents (calcium, magnesium, flouride and chloride), total hardness of water as well as bacterial pollution. These factors were related to the high prevalence rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Structural basis of stimulatory anti-idiotypic antibodies.

In order to design and produce effective vaccines based upon the idiotype network hypothesis of Jerne, a thorough understanding of the biological and structural aspects underlying the stimulating activities of anti-idiotypic antibodies is needed. Here we determined the nucleotide sequence of the variable heavy and light chain regions of two monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies which induce different anti-phosphorylcholine responses. The nucleotide sequences of the variable domains of two monoclonal anti-TEPC 15 (T15) antibodies (F6-3 and 4C11) were determined by the primer extension and Maxam-Gilbert techniques. The nucleotide sequence data show that 4C11 and F6-3 have homologous VH segments and JH segments, but different D regions. The VH segments of both clones belongs to the J558 VH family. Most of the differences among the VH segments are located in CDR2. The VK segments of 4C11 and F6-3 are homologous to the VK gene group 4 and group 8, respectively. Comparison of the sequences of 4C11 and F6-3 with other published anti-idiotype antibodies shows that there is no preferential utilization of immunoglobulin genes. An analysis of the distribution of charged residues and hydropathic comparison studies were used to interpret the sequence of 4C11 in terms of the biological mimicry of antigenic stimulation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Identification of an alternatively spliced Kd and the Qa-6d mRNAs by using amplified cDNA.

We have employed the primer chain reaction method for direct sequencing of H-2 mRNAs. This approach is highly sensitive and permits quantitation and sequencing of the canonical as well as alternatively spliced mRNAs that may be expressed at 5-10% level in comparison to the major H-2 species. Using this technique, we have identified a novel species of alternatively spliced Kd mRNA expressed in L1210 lymphoma and in the spleen and liver of DBA/2 mice. Similarly, we found a previously described alternatively spliced species of H-2Dd mRNA to be expressed in L1210 lymphoma and have determined the sequence of the cytoplasmic domain of Ld mRNA. In addition, we have identified a Class I MHC transcript presumably encoded by a gene allelic to Q6 gene of BALB/c mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An efficient and general method for sequencing immunoglobulin mRNAs.

By using two oligonucleotide primers, one complementary to a short DNA segment in the first constant region exon and second complementary to a short segment in the variable region, we have developed a highly efficient method for sequencing immunoglobulin mRNAs. Using the first primer full length immunoglobulin-specific cDNA was synthesized and separated on a denaturing acrylamide/urea gel. The desired band was isolated from the gel and sequenced by Maxam/Gilbert method. Using the sequence generated, a second oligonucleotide primer complementary to a short segment in the variable region was synthesized and similarly used to complete the remaining sequence of the variable region, the signal peptide and the 5'-untranslated region. We have used this method to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of heavy and light chain mRNAs from two anti-idiotypic hybridomas. The method is generally applicable to sequencing immunoglobulin mRNAs from both myelomas and hybridomas especially in instances involving the expression of more than one heavy or light chain mRNAs as well as instances involving additional transcripts from aberrantly rearranged immunoglobulin genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of the expression of H-2K, D and L locus mRNAs by use of an oligonucleotide primer.

By employing an oligonucleotide-dependent cDNA synthesis/HaeIII digestion procedure followed by gel electrophoretic separation of HaeIII digested cDNAs, we have developed a method for analyzing the expression of H-2 mRNAs encoding the K, D and L locus histocompatibility antigens. This method provides unambiguous data as the individual K, D or L specific cDNA bands can be isolated from the gel and partially sequenced. The method is readily applicable to analyzing the relative expression of K, D and L locus mRNAs in normal mouse tissues and their tumors.

Animals↗