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Biomedical subjects

A Kajiki

Publications and source records attributed to A Kajiki.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Sarcoid reaction observed in a worker with a history of asbestos exposure.

Bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy was observed in a 32-year-old man who had been engaged in asbestos spraying for 16 years. Lymph nodes obtained from Daniel's biopsy revealed tissue reaction compatible with sarcoidosis. On the other hand, a large number of asbestos particles were detected in the lung tissue from transbronchial lung biopsy and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but no epithelioid granuloma was observed in the lung tissue. Various immunoserological findings such as PPD skin test, serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity, serum beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme level, serum antinuclear antibody, lymphocyte subset of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were inconsistent with sarcoidosis. However, lymph node enlargement and immunological abnormalities in this patient may be related to asbestos exposure and may not have occurred merely by chance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[An autopsy case of acute interstitial pneumonia].

An autopsy case of a 77-year-old male with acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is reported. The patient died of respiratory failure in the extremely rapid course of 8 days. The histogenesis of the thickening of the alveolar wall and the intraluminal lesions were noticed. Incorporation of the hyaline membrane as well as the intraseptal edema and septal cell proliferation played an important role in the fibrous thickening of the alveolar wall. The intraluminal granulation tissue was observed in the alveolar space and the alveolar duct, often extending into the respiratory bronchioles. Intraluminal granulation tissues in the alveoli frequently had the appearance of intraluminal buds of mesenchymal cells, so-called Masson's bodies, and there was little remodeling of pulmonary structures in this case. These findings suggest an acute, diffuse and severe damage of the peripheral respiratory tract and are consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans with classical interstitial pneumonia (BIP) by Liebow and AIP by Katzenstein. This patient had suffered from suspected "Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia" (BOOP) one and half years ago. The relationship between AIP, BIP and BOOP is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Extracellular collagenase, proteoglycanase and products of their activity, released in organ culture by intact dermal inflammatory lesions produced by sulfur mustard.

Peak (1 and 2 d) and healing (3, 6, and 10 d) inflammatory lesions were produced in rabbits by the topical application of the military vesicant, bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, commonly called sulfur mustard (SM). SM produces an acute sterile dermal inflammatory reaction with little or no necrosis, except in the epidermis, which dies during the first day. After an animal was killed, its lesions were excised intact, as full-thickness 1.0-cm2 explants. They were then organ-cultured for 3 d in order to maintain the viability of both local and infiltrating cells. The extracellular fluid in each lesion equilibrated with the culture fluid, which was collected daily and analyzed for collagenase and proteoglycanase activities. These metalloproteinase activities were measured after we had i) destroyed the alpha-macroglobulin inhibitors with KSCN, ii) destroyed the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) by reduction and alkylation, and iii) activated the latent proteinase activity with aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA). Hydroxyproline-containing peptides and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) released into the culture fluids were also measured as indicators of local collagenase and proteoglycanase activity within the inflammatory lesions. In general, the levels of both the metalloproteinases and the products of their activity were higher in second- and third-day culture fluids than in first-day culture fluids, and higher in fluids from SM lesions than in those from normal skin. The activated fibroblast was apparently the major cell type producing the collagenase and proteoglycanase. The hydrolysis of collagen and ground substance occurs pericellularly. An excess of inhibitors exists outside the pericellular region. The daily change in culture fluids apparently decreased such inhibitors, so that by the second and third day of culture we could detect the changes in pericellular enzyme activity that were not detectable on the first day of culture. As the inflammatory lesions healed, the extracellular enzyme products (hydroxyproline and GAG) increased more than the enzymes that produced these products. With healing, a decrease occurs in the extravasation of all serum components, especially the large ones such as the alpha-macroglobulin inhibitors. We propose that during healing, the decrease in these inhibitors allows the metalloproteinases to begin the remodeling process, and that during the peak phase of inflammation, these same inhibitors protect extracellular matrix against hydrolysis by such proteinases.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The marrow granulocyte reserve in lung cancer patients].

The marrow granulocyte reserve (MGR) of patients with lung cancer have been estimated by measuring the maximum neutrophil increment after administration of hydrocortisone. The MGR was found to have decreased in four of 19 untreated patients, but the reason for this decrement was not clear. Further, there were no differences in the MGR between the cell types or cancer stages. The MGR in patients 70 years old or older tended to be decreased. After chemotherapy or radiation therapy, the MGR depressed significantly. However, on administration of OK 432, the MGR significantly increased in two patients who had received radiation therapy and whose MGR had been deficient initially.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A case of giant cell interstitial pneumonia.

This report is of a case of giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and treated effectively with corticosteroid. The patient was a 61-year-old man with cough, dyspnea and findings of diffuse reticular opacities on chest X-ray. In the microscopic section of a biopsied specimen, varied forms of giant cells were observed, some with a cannibalistic appearance. Numerous giant cells and some lymphocytes were also observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The possibility of measles pneumonia was ruled out by a negative serum antibody test and the absence of inclusion bodies in the giant cells. The patient had neither a past history of exposure to heavy metals nor to organic dusts. A distinct improvement was obtained with 30 mg of prednisolone administered daily for two weeks and then tapered off gradually.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Endobronchial pseudolymphoma associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Report of a case.

A case of pseudolymphoma occurring in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome is described. The lesion, which gave rise to intraluminal tumor masses in the airway, grew progressively, resulting in severe dyspnea. Treatment with prednisolone brought relief. The lymphoproliferative disorders, the principle clinical manifestation of which was pseudolymphoma, might have given rise to the M-component of the IgA-Ktype.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Sources of extracellular lysosomal enzymes released in organ-culture by developing and healing inflammatory lesions.

Developing and healing inflammatory lesions were topically produced in the skin of rabbits by sulfur mustard (SM). After the rabbits were sacrificed, the various lesions were removed and organ-cultured. The organ-culture fluids extracted the extracellular lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, and lysozyme), so that they could be measured biochemically along with lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), an enzyme marker for cell death. In tissue sections, the number and types of cells were counted, and their lysosomal enzyme content evaluated histochemically. The culture fluids from peak lesions contained much lower levels of all five enzymes than did culture fluids from healing lesions. When histological-histochemical-biochemical correlations were made, serum, macrophages (MN), and activated fibroblasts (but not tissue PMN) appeared to be major sources of extracellular lysosomal enzymes in peak lesions; and the dead PMN in the crusts and the activated fibroblasts in the tissues appeared to be major sources in healing lesions. The high lysosomal enzyme content of the crusts covering the lesions suggests that this passive barrier may also play an active role in promoting healing and in protecting against invasion by microorganisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Proteases released in organ culture by acute dermal inflammatory lesions produced in vivo in rabbit skin by sulfur mustard: hydrolysis of synthetic peptide substrates for trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like enzymes.

The purpose of these studies was to identify some of the extracellular proteolytic enzymes associated with the development and healing of acute inflammatory lesions. Lesions were produced in the skin of rabbits by the topical application of the military vesicant, sulfur mustard (SM). Full-thickness, 1-cm2 central biopsies of the lesions were organ-cultured for one to three days, and the culture fluids were assayed for proteases with a variety of substrates. When compared to culture fluids from normal skin, the culture fluids from both developing and healing SM lesions had three to six times the levels of proteases hydrolyzing two synthetic peptide substrates: (1) t-butyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Gly-Arg-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-7-amide(Boc-Leu -Gly- Arg-AFC, herein abbreviated LGA-AFC), and (2) N-benzoyl-phenylalanine-beta-naphthyl ester (BPN). LGA-AFC is a substrate for trypsin, plasmin, plasminogen activator, thrombin, kallikrein, and the C3 and C5 convertases; BPN is a chymotrypsin and cathepsin G substrate. The culture fluids did not consistently hydrolyze four other synthetic peptide substrates or the proteins [14C]-casein and [14C]elastin. In order to determine the likely sources of LGA-AFCase and BPNase activity, we counted the number of granulocytes (PMNs), macrophages (MNs) and activated fibroblasts in histologic sections of developing and healing SM lesions, and we measured the levels of these enzymes in serum, in culture fluids of PMN and MN peritoneal exudate cells, and in culture fluids of two fibroblast cell lines. In SM lesions, serum and fibroblasts seemed to be the major source of LGA-AFCase, and serum alone the major source of BPNase. Tissue PMNs and MNs seemed to be only minor sources. The crusts of healing lesions, which were full of dead PMNs, seemed to be a rich source of both enzymes. In the SM lesion culture fluids, whether LGA-AFC and BPN were hydrolyzed by endopeptidases or only by exopeptidases could be determined by evaluating complex formation with alpha-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitors (alpha M). Endopeptidases, but not exopeptidases, are entrapped and inhibited by alpha M, because an internal peptide band in alpha M must first be hydrolyzed before molecular rearrangement (required for proteinase inhibition) occurs. The catalytic site of endopeptidases that are entrapped and inhibited by alpha M is known to remain active on (and reachable by) small synthetic peptide substrates such as LGA-AFC and BPN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[A case of large cell carcinoma of the lung responding to cisplatin-based polychemotherapy].

A patient with large cell carcinoma of the lung with multiple intrapulmonary metastases has been treated with three courses of cisplatin-based polychemotherapy (cisplatin, adriamycin and peplomycin). He experienced nausea, vomiting, alopecia, and bone marrow suppression as side effects, which proved to be mild, that he tolerated well. A complete response was obtained, and he has been free of disease for more than three years.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Inflammatory mediators and modulators released in organ culture from rabbit skin lesions produced in vivo by sulfur mustard. I. Quantitative histopathology; PMN, basophil, and mononuclear cell survival; and unbound (serum) protein content.

When applied topically to the skin of rabbits in vivo, sulfur mustard (SM), the vesicant used in World War I, produced a slowly developing inflammatory response, which peaked in size at 1 and 2 days, ulcerated within 3 days, and reepithelialized by 10 days. Histologically, basophils and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were common in both early and late lesions, and the crust over the ulcers was composed of dead epidermal cells, fibrin, and large numbers of PMNs. Healing occurred under the crust by migration of epidermal cells from the margins of the lesions and from the hair follicles. In organ culture, the lesion explants survived well, and reepithelialization even took place. Their excellent survival enabled us to compare the life spans of the infiltrating leukocytes within an inflammatory site. PMNs within the explants began disappearing during the first day of culture, and almost all had disappeared by 3 days. In contrast, over half of the basophils and the mononuclear cells within the explants were still present after 3 days of culture. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, and 10-day (1.0-sq cm) SM lesion biopsies showed a 30-45% increase in weight (when compared with normal skin), presumably due to the extravasation of serum proteins and the fluids retained by them. When the biopsies were organ-cultured for 3 days, the 1-, 2-, and 3-day lesions lost weight, and the 6- and 10-day lesions (and normal skin) gained weight. These weight differences were not due to the amount of unbound protein extractable into the culture fluids, because both the early lesions and the late lesions contained about the same amount of unbound protein. The most likely explanation for these weight differences is that the newly formed ground substances of late lesions absorbed culture fluid, because the ground substance had changed from the sol state of acute inflammation (in which it was extractable) back to its normal gel state (in which it was not extractable). The unbound protein extractable into the culture fluids was mostly of serum origin. This protein averaged 1.9 mg for 1.0 sq cm normal skin explants (with a mean weight of 215 mg), and 6.4 mg for 1-day SM lesions (with a mean weight of 313 mg). Because rabbit serum contains about 60 mg protein/ml, these figures indicate that normal skin contained about 15% (unbound) serum by weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Inflammatory mediators and modulators release in organ culture from rabbit skin lesions produced in vivo by sulfur mustard. II. Evans blue dye experiments that determined the rates of entry and turnover of serum protein in developing and healing lesions.

Extravasated serum seems to be the major modulator of the local inflammatory response, because it provides both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory components. This report describes the rates of entry and turnover of extravasated serum protein in dermal inflammatory lesions produced by the military vesicant sulfur mustard (SM). Rabbits, bearing SM skin lesions, were given an intravenous injection of Evans blue dye, so that at the time of sacrifice, 2 hours later, their skin lesions were 2 hours and 1,2,3,6, and 10 days of age. Evans blue labels serum albumin, a representative serum protein. By multiplying the amount of Evans blue contained in the lesions by a factor that converted micrograms of Evans blue into milligrams of serum protein, the authors could estimate the 2-hour rate of entry of serum protein into these lesions. Serum protein in the lesions was both bound and unbound. The unbound protein was extractable from the lesions into the culture fluids, and, electrophoretically, was similar in composition to serum protein. Grossly edematous peak lesions (1 day of age) contained 7.8 mg of unbound serum protein per square centimeter of skin. Healing lesions (6 and 10 days of age) contained about 4.5 mg/sq cm, and normal skin about 1.7 mg/sq cm. Lesions 1 day of age had the highest rate of serum albumin entry, and about 36% of this Evans-blue-labeled protein was unbound, ie, extractable into the culture fluids. Lesions 3 and 6 days of age had a rate of serum albumin entry that was roughly half that of 1-day lesions, and only about 13% of this entering protein was unbound. Normal skin had a very low rate of serum albumin entry, and only 8% of this entering protein was unbound. The turnover rate of the unbound (extractable) serum protein could be estimated from the 2-hour entry rate of the Evans-blue-labeled albumin and the total protein in the culture fluids. In 1-day lesions, about 25% of the serum protein in the culture fluids was protein which had entered during the last 2 hours, so that 100% of this unbound protein should have been replaced once in 8 hours. In contrast, in 3- and 6-day lesions, this unbound serum protein should have been replaced once in about 35 hours, and in normal skin once in 80 hours. Evans-blue-labeled serum albumin continuously entered both the bound and unbound compartments of the SM lesions, even during the healing stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Penetration of cefmenoxime into pleural fluid].

Single doses of cefmenoxime (CMX), 1 g intravenous drip infusion, were administrated to 5 patients with pleural effusion. The study group consisted of 3 men and 2 women, aged 38 to 69 years (mean 54.8 years); 4 had carcinoma with pleural effusion and 1 had SLE. Pleural fluid and serum samples were taken at intervals 1 to 24 hours for determination of CMX levels. The following results were obtained: Intravenous drip infusion of 1 g CMX yielded a peak pleural concentration of 4.5 micrograms/ml after 2 hours and pleural levels over 3 micrograms/ml were maintained for 5.5 hours after intravenous drip administration. Ratio maximum pleural concentration to peak serum level reached 15.0 +/- 8.3% at 2 hours after intravenous drip administration.

Adult↗