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A Kalinowski

Publications and source records attributed to A Kalinowski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Methionine and cystine requirements of slow- and fast-feathering male broilers from zero to three weeks of age.

Two experiments were conducted with fast- (Ross x 3F8) and slow- (Ross x 308) feathering broiler males from 0 to 3 wk of age to determine Met and Cys requirements. A corn-soybean meal basal diet was formulated to be deficient in Met and Cys but was adequate in all other nutrients (22.0% CP; 3,050 kcal ME/kg). In experiment 1, diets contained 0.50% dietary Cys with 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50% total Met. Feed conversion (FC) of slow- and fast-feathering males improved in a similar manner to 0.50% Met (linear, P < 0.05). Nitrogen retention measured from 20 to 21 d of age optimized at 0.46% Met (quadratic, P < 0.01), regardless of feathering rate. Experiment 2 examined the response to feeding 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50% total Cys in diets having total Met at 0.45%. Increasing Cys improved FC that optimized at 0.40% with fast-feathering birds (quadratic, P < 0.01), whereas slow-feathering broilers were not responsive. Nitrogen retention measured from d 20 to 21 did not indicate a difference attributable to feathering but a Cys optimization at 0.43% with both broiler sources. Present experimentation indicates a Met requirement approximating 0.50% is appropriate for broilers 0 to 3 wk of age, regardless of feather rate; however, the estimated Cys requirement for slow-feathering males (0.39%) was less than for fast-feathering (0.44%) males.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

Methionine and cystine requirements of slow- and fast-feathering broiler males from three to six weeks of age.

Two experiments were conducted to first determine Met then Cys needs of broilers from 3 to 6 wk of age and whether differences existed between slow-feathering (Ross x 308) and fast-feathering (Ross x 3F8) males. A corn-soybean meal diet (20.0% CP; 3,150 kcal ME/kg) with graded levels of Met or Cys was offered. The first experiment had dietary Met levels of 0.32, 0.38, 0.44, and 0.50% with surfeit Cys (0.40%). Broilers from both feathering strains responded similarly to supplemental Met. Although body weight was not responsive, F/G improved through to the highest level of dietary Met (linear, P < 0.05). Chilled carcass weight increased with Met (linear, P < 0.05) paralleling F/G; however, no differences were detected in the amount of associated abdominal fat. Breast fillet yield increased with Met to maximize at 0.48% (quadratic, P < or = 0.009). In a satellite study using the same birds in cages and feeds, N retention at d 29 maximized at 0.46% Met (quadratic, P < 0.05). The second experiment had Cys at 0.32, 0.34, 0.38, and 0.46% with Met fixed at a submarginal level of 0.38%. Increasing dietary Cys had no effect on live performance of slow-feathering birds, whereas weight gain of fast-feathering birds achieved maximum at 0.36% Cys (cubic; P < 0.05) with F/G responding similarly. Chilled carcass (cubic, P < 0.002) and breast fillet weights (cubic, P < 0.001) of fast-feathering birds also increased with Cys to maximize at 0.36%, and the amount of abdominal fat was not influenced by feathering or Cys supplementation. Separate measurement of N retention at d 31 failed to detect a difference in protein utilization attributable to feathering, but an optimum was achieved at 0.40% Cys with both broiler sources. Overall results suggest that the Met requirement for broiler males between 3 and 6 wk of age was independent of feathering and approximated 0.46% (95% of the level of maximal response). Cystine requirements once corrected for submarginal Met status indicated a greater demand by fast- than slow-feathering male broilers corresponding to 0.42 and 0.37%, respectively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

The clinical utility of Tc-99m sestamibi scintimammography in detecting multicentric breast cancer.

The ability to recognize multicentric breast cancer preoperatively would assist in identifying appropriate candidates for breast conservation surgery. Tc-99m scintimammography (SMM) is an adjunct to conventional mammography in identifying selected patients with breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to report the utility of SMM in identifying patients with multicentric breast cancer. Breast cancer patients treated by mastectomy who underwent a preoperative SMM between 1992 and 1999 were identified using the institution's Tumor Registry. The pathology report of each patient was reviewed for multicentric disease defined as an additional focus of cancer within a different quadrant of the breast or greater than 2.5 cm from the dominant tumor mass. Each patient's preoperative SMM was reviewed and compared with the pathologic findings to obtain correlative data. Fifty-eight women treated by mastectomy had preoperative SMM (age range 35-78 years; median 52 years). Pathology revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma in 49 patients (84.5%), infiltrating lobular carcinoma in five patients (8.6%), ductal carcinoma in situ in three patients (5.1%), and colloid carcinoma in one patient (1.7%). Multicentric disease was present in the specimens of eight patients for a prevalence of 10.3 per cent. SMM was positive for uptake in 36 of 58 patients (sensitivity 62.1%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SMM in the detection of multicentric disease were 62.5, 96, 71, and 94 per cent, respectively. Although the overall sensitivity of SMM in the detection of breast cancer is superior to that of conventional mammography and physical examination in identifying multicentric breast cancer it is not an accurate modality for detecting multicentric disease in this study group. However, it may have limited applications in specific cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Degradation of mechanical behavior in UHMWPE after natural and accelerated aging.

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is known to degrade during natural (shelf) aging following gamma irradiation in air, but the mechanical signature of degradation remains poorly understood. Accelerated aging methods have been developed to reproduce the natural aging process as well as to precondition total joint replacement components prior to joint simulator wear testing. In this study, we compared the mechanical behavior of naturally (shelf) aged and accelerated aged tibial inserts using a previously validated miniature specimen testing technique known as the small punch test. Tibial inserts made-of GUR 1120 and sterilized with 25 to 40 kGy of gamma radiation (in air) in 1988, 1993, and 1997 were obtained; a subset of the 1997 implants were subjected to 4 weeks of accelerated aging in air at 80 degrees C. To determine the spatial variation of mechanical properties within each insert, miniature disk shaped specimens were machined from the surface and subsurface regions of the inserts. Analysis of variance of the test data showed that aging significantly affected the small punch test measures of elastic modulus, initial load, ultimate load, ultimate displacement, and work to failure. The accelerated aging protocol was unable to reproduce the spatial mechanical profile seen in shelf aged components, but it did mechanically degrade the surface of GUR 1120 tibial components to an extent comparable to that seen after 10 years of natural aging. Test specimens showed a fracture morphology consistent with the decreased ductility and toughness which was corroborated by the small punch test metrics of this study. Our data support the hypothesis that UHMWPE undergoes a spatially nonuniform change towards a less ductile (more brittle) mechanical behavior after gamma irradiation in air and shelf aging.

Bone Substitutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obsessive and compulsive symptoms in chronic schizophrenia.

The goals of the study were to determine the prevalence of obsessive or compulsive (OC) symptoms among chronic schizophrenic patients, and to elucidate the level of function and course of illness in chronic schizophrenic patients with and without such symptoms. Therapists of 102 patients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of chronic schizophrenia reported on their patients' OC symptoms, level of function, and course of illness. Twenty-five percent of the chronic schizophrenic patients presented with significant OC symptoms. The OC schizophrenics had significantly earlier onsets of their illnesses, had spent more time in the hospital in the previous 5 years, and were judged by their therapists to have a lower level of capacity for age-appropriate function. In addition, such patients had been less often employed and less often married, and were more dependent on others. The poorer prognosis for schizophrenic patients with OC symptoms than for those without these symptoms suggests the need for new therapeutic strategies for such patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxicologic lesions associated with two related inhibitors of oxidosqualene cyclase in the dog and mouse.

Two novel hypolipidaemic agents, both members of the aminopyrimidine series, with a mode of action of inhibition of oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), were administered orally to dogs and mice for 14 and 28 days. Both compounds produced a similar spectrum of pathologic changes. In dogs, the agents produced equatorial single cell necrosis and cataract in the lens (also observed clinically); atrophy, ulceration, and inflammation of the cornea; hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, hair papillary atrophy, and inflammation of the skin; and epithelial degeneration and sperm granuloma in the epididymides. One female dog showed signs of liver toxicity. In mice, severe cataract formation was seen with both compounds, and liver toxicity was produced by one of the compounds. The severity and speed of onset of the cataract formation were very marked. The changes seen were dissimilar to those reported with the most commonly used class of hypolipidaemic agents in the clinic, the hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase inhibitors but were reminiscent of those reported for the hypolipidaemic agent Triparanol. which was predictive of toxicity seen in man.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary tract toxicity in rats following administration of beta 3-adrenoceptor agonists.

ZD7114, [(S)-4-[2-(2-hydroxy-3 phenoxypropylamine)ethoxy]-N-(2-methoxyethyl) phenoxyacetamide], and ZD2079, [(R)-N-(2-[4- (carboxymethyl)phenoxy]ethyl)-N-(beta-hydroxyphenethyl)ammonium chloride], are beta 3-adrenoceptor stimulants with selectivity for brown adipose tissue. ZD7144 is the hydrochloride salt of the S-enantiomer of the racemic amide ZD2079. They were developed as potential novel treatments for obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Male and female rats were dosed separately by gavage for a minimum of 28 days with 0, 10, 50, and 500 mg/kg/day of ZD7114 or with 0, 10, 30, and 150 mg/kg/day of ZD2079. Two further groups of male and female rats were dosed with 0 and 500 mg/kg/day of ZD7114 for 28 days and were then allowed a 6-wk, undosed withdrawal period. At high doses, both compounds caused urinary tract toxicity, which primarily affected the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney via tubular necrosis. They also caused ureteric inflammation, cystitis, and accumulation of crystalline inclusions throughout the urinary tract. As a result of urinary tract toxicity, affected animals from one or both studies showed reduced red blood cell indices, lower platelet counts, and higher white cell counts. Blood chemistry revealed lower plasma concentrations of glucose (7.28 +/- 1.37 compared to 8.11 +/- 0.65 for the control) and total protein (63.42 +/- 3.65 compared to 69.17 +/- 3.24 for the control) and increased plasma urea (37.15 +/- 19.96 compared to 8.09 +/- 0.87 for the control). Urinalysis showed an increase in the number of crystals, blood, and protein. In the urinary tract, the severe crystalluria with accumulation of crystalline material indicated that this may have a role in the etiology of the target organ toxicity. Poor solubility of the compounds at normal urinary pH was considered a possible mechanism for the crystalluria.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗