[Radiographer in Finland today].
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Finland↗
Biomedical subjects
A Kallio
Publications and source records attributed to A Kallio.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam sedation and antagonism of dexmedetomidine with atipamezole.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist, as an intravenous sedative drug and the effects of atipamezole, an alpha-2 antagonist, on recovery. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind study with three parallel groups. An open dose-finding study preceded it to optimize the atipamezole dose. SETTING: Outpatient operating room at the gynecologic and obstetric university hospital in Helsinki, Finland. PATIENTS: Seventy-two healthy women scheduled for legal termination of pregnancy. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were assigned to one of three groups of 24 patients each to receive either dexmedetomidine 2 micrograms/kg and atipamezole 50 micrograms/kg; dexmetomidine 2 micrograms/kg and saline; or midazolam 0.15 mg/kg and saline. In addition to paracervical block, each patient received two different study drugs: study drug 1 was a sedative agent (either dexmedetomidine or midazolam), administered before the procedure. If the sedation was not deep enough and the patient reacted to the procedure, a low dose of propofol was administered. Study drug 2 was a reversing agent or a placebo, administered following the procedure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The mean time to regain consciousness was shorter in the dexmedetomidine-atipamezole and the dexmedetomidine-saline groups compared with the midazolam group. Postoperative sedation, tested both by subjective and objective assessments, decreased more quickly in the dexmedetomidine-atipamezole group compared with the dexmedetomidine-saline and the midazolam groups. CONCLUSION: Atipamezole is an effective antagonist for reversing psychomotor impairment following dexmedetomidine sedation.
Abortion, Induced↗
Molecular and antigenic characteristics and synthesis of rubella virus structural proteins.
The molecular and antigenic properties and synthesis of the structural proteins as well as the virus-specific RNAs of rubella virus were analyzed. Virions contain three major polypeptides--E1 (relative molecular weight [Mr] 58,000), E2 (Mr 42,000-47,000), and C (Mr 33,000). E1 and E2 are glycosylated and located externally on the viral membrane. C is associated with the genomic RNA to form the nucleocapsid. E2 occurs in two forms, E2a and E2b; the protein moieties of the two are indistinguishable. E1 is the viral hemagglutinin. IgG antibodies react with all the structural proteins, whereas IgM and IgA antibodies react predominantly with E1 and C proteins, respectively. After rubella vaccination, the reactivity of IgG antibodies matured slowly and reactivity of IgM and IgA antibodies remained at a low level. Rubella virus contains a 40S (Mr approximately 3.8 X 10(6)) single-stranded RNA with a 5' cap structure and a 3' poly(A) tract. In infected cells a 24S (Mr approximately 1.2 X 10(6)) subgenomic, polyadenylated mRNA is synthesized; it codes for a precursor (Mr 110,000 [p110]) to the structural proteins. The gene order in the 24S RNA is NH2-C-E2-E1-COOH. The overall structure and strategy of gene expression of rubella virus appears to be similar to that of the alphaviruses of the Togaviridae family.
Adolescent↗