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Biomedical subjects

A Kamal

Publications and source records attributed to A Kamal.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Metabolism of ethyl 2-carbamoyloxybenzoate (4003/2), a prodrug of salicylic acid, carsalam and salicylamide.

The metabolites of 4003/2 observed in vivo have been produced by incubation in vitro of 4003/2 with liver post-mitochondrial supernatants from rat, rabbit and dog. The metabolites were characterized by UV, i.r., NMR, MS and HPLC. All the metabolites detected have been or are in use as drugs for the relief of pain and inflammation. Hence, the new drug 4003/2 is a pro-drug of salicylic acid, carsalam and salicylamide.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Renal papillary necrosis in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

Six hundred and one intravenous Urograms (IVU) done at the General Hospital, Kuala Trengganu from 1981 to 1985 were reviewed retrospectively for Renal Papillary Necrosis (RPN). It was found that 1.3% of IVUs had RPN. There was a higher incidence of RPN amongst males as compared to females. RPN occurred more commonly in the younger age groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The non-covalent interaction of pyrrolo[2, 1-c] [1, 4]benzodiazepine-5, 11-diones with DNA.

A series of 15 pyrrolo[2, 1-c] [1, 4]benzodiazepine-5, 11-diones has been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro DNA binding by thermal denaturation and fluorescence quenching studies with calf thymus (CT) DNA. The results indicate that two compounds of the series, 7 and 8, elevate the melting point of DNA by 2.9 +/- 0.6 and 3.3 +/- 0.8 K, respectively. Similarly, a significant quenching of the fluorescence of the dihydroxy analogue 8 was observed upon interaction with CT-DNA. As controls, the dihydroxy isomer 9 with the reverse stereochemistry at C2 and the non-substituted parent dilactam 12, failed to increase the DNA melting point or exhibit significant quenching upon interaction with DNA. In addition, preliminary experiments with GC- and AT-rich polymers suggest some sequence-dependent properties for dilactams 7 and 8. Overall, these results indicate a highly specific structural requirement for DNA binding. Molecular modelling with d(GTAGATC), d(GCAGATC) and d(GCGTAGC) duplex sequences has provided a model based on hydrogen bonding between the dihydroxy dilactam 8 and DNA, that rationalizes some of the results obtained. It is possible that the observed interactions represent the non-covalent (binding) component of the interaction of covalently-bonding anthramycin-type anti-tumour antibiotics with DNA.

Anthramycin↗
PubMed1986

Antibacterial effect and toxicity of synthesized salicylanilide derivatives.

5 nitro- and chloro-salicylanilide derivatives were synthesized by a simple condensation reaction between phenylsalicylate and the required nitroaniline derivative. The compounds were subjected to direct chlorination in CCl4 without any catalyst and were identified by microanalysis, m. p. and spectral studies. The antibacterial activity was investigated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The prepared derivatives were evaluated for their acute toxicity on Swiss albino mice. The compounds 5,2'-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide and salicyl-3'-nitroanilide were the most active against the test organisms, but they showed fluctuating toxicity effect at the dose of 500 mg/kg. The structure-activity relationship and the toxicity tests verified the compound salicyl-4'-nitroanilide as a reasonable antibacterial agent against the four test organisms without any sign of toxicity symptoms up to the dose of 1000 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Analgesic use by leprosy patients.

We questioned 235 subjects with leprosy regarding the consumption of analgesic preparations, and 46 subjects (19.5%) admitted to having consumed more than 2 kg of analgesics; the main reason for consumption was neuritic pain. The commonly consumed analgesics are paracetamol (acetaminophen) and local proprietary compound analgesics containing aspirin, phenacetin, and caffeine. Intravenous urograms were done on 28 of the 46 subjects, but none showed evidence of renal papillary necrosis. The reasons for this lack of renal papillary necrosis are postulated. Excessive ingestion of analgesics may be a contributory factor in the development of interstitial nephritis in patients with leprosy.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1977

Effects of a heatwave on mortality-rates in elderly inpatients.

The relation between the number of in-patient deaths occurring in a department of geriatric medicine and external air temperatures recorded during the heatwave of 1976 in the U.K. was investigated. There was a close correlation between the mortality-rate and the weekly average of peak daily temperatures. There was less of an increase in mortality among the elderly patients in the better insulated buildings. The total number of deaths among elderly patients increased threefold during the hottest period of the heat-wave. These results suggest that measures may need to be taken in the elderly to combat the harmful effects of heatwaves.

Age Factors↗