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Biomedical subjects

A Kamio

Publications and source records attributed to A Kamio.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The interaction of preserved pragmatics and impaired syntax in Japanese and English aphasic speech.

Elicited narrative studies have shown that the underlying pragmatic factor of empathy is relatively preserved in aphasic speakers of Japanese and English (7 Japanese and 14 English-speaking aphasics of varied diagnostic types). Occasional "reversal errors" can be explained in terms of a conflict between the normal encoding of the empathic characteristics of an event and the syntactic limitations imposed by impaired production processes. To account for these findings, we propose a production model following Levelt (1989) for making pragmatic choices among syntactic forms. We also suggest that preferential access to "canonical form" might be a matter of surface morphosyntax, rather than involving semantics or more abstracts levels of syntax.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Atypical polysplenia only with absence of the hepatic segment of inferior vena cava in a middle-aged.

An autopsy case of polysplenia with absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava in a 53-year-old female is reported. The venous blood from the lower parts of the body was drained through the azygos vein and the superior vena cava into the right atrium. Other than acquired pathological change, the heart was found to be normal. Except for the partial absence of the inferior vena cava, isomerism of asymmetric organs, and heterotaxia of abdominal organs, characteristic of typical polysplenia, were not present. This case of atypical polysplenia suggests the presence of a transitional form in the complex.

Azygos Vein↗
PubMed1982

Gastric carcinoma with psammomatous calcification: report of a case, with reference to calculogenesis.

A case of gastric adenocarcinoma with argyrophilic property and psammomatous calcification is reported. Histologically, the psammoma bodies are found most frequently within the glandular lumina. Electron microscopy, however, reveals that calcium first appears within the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Electron probe x-ray microanalysis demonstrates calcium and phosphorus in granular or floccular osmiophilic deposits found in intracytoplasmic electronlucent zones of tumor cells. By x-ray diffractometry, the calcium component is presumed to be hydroxyappatite (Ca5(PO4)3.(OH). The findings strongly support the view of the intracytoplasmic origin of psammomatous calcification. The tumor yielded a parathyroid hormone (PTH)-like substance, and a possible relationship between this substance and psammomatous calcification is spectulated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Duodenal carcinoid (apudoma) with psammoma bodies: a light and electron microscopic study.

An extremely rare case of psammomatous calcification in a nonfunctioning duodenal carcinoid tumor was studied by light and electron microscopy. The psammoma bodies were found most frequently within the lumina of the neoplastic glands. The ultrastructural features of the psammoma bodies were the marginal needle-shaped crystals and a coarse granular matrix in which a few organelles were embedded. The psammoma bodies appeared to be occasionally intracytoplasmic in position, showing no distinct limiting cytoplasmic membrane. Electron probe x-ray microanalysis revealed that the needle-shaped crystals contained calcium. The mechanism by which the psammoma bodies are formed has not been clearly explained. The above findings support the view that the psammoma bodies may occur initially in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, followed by their release probably in a way of active excretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Vitamin D sclerosis in rats.

The early fine structural changes in the arteries of rats induced by excess vitamin D3 perorally or parenterally were essentially similar, except the latter had a more prominent toxic effect to the vascular wall. The ultrastructural features, incidental to calcification, included the appearance of increased ground substance with a separation of collagenous and elastic fibrils, and degenerative changes in smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis was greatly accelerated at the sites of vascular injury when cholesterol, cholic acid and thiouracil were added to the basal diet. Calcification was initially observed in relation to elastic fibrils or degenerated cells in the upper and middle layers of the arteries, although there were few such deposits in the thickened intima of the coronary arteries. Calcium deposition could not be a direct effect of hypercalcemia, but the functional activity of smooth muscle cells did seem to promote the mineralization of calcium and phosphate. Furthermore, vitamin D-induced sclerosis did not prevent intimal thickening of the arteries when vitamin D3 was withdrawn.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Vitamin D-induced coronary atherosclerosis in normolipemic swine: comparison with human disease.

Coronary atherosclerosis developed in normolipemic swine fed a basal ration supplemented with 125,000 IU, 62,500 IU and 31,250 IU of vitamin D3/kg of diet for 3 months and subsequently only the basal ration for the following 3 months. Lesions consisted of intimal atheromata and calcified internal elastica and caused luminal narrowing. The incidence of atherosclerotic lesions was proportional to the vitamin D3 doses. The present experimentally induced lesions had many morphological features resembling those in coronary arteries from human subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Mast cells in human aorta.

Aortic specimens from 111 autopsy and 23 surgical cases were examined by light and electron microscopy. Differential mast cell counts were made of three aortic segments (ascending, thoracic, and abdominal) and layers (intimal, medial, adventitial). The mast cell counts varied considerably from case to case and sector to sector and generally showed no correlation with age, sex, or atherosclerotic severity. However, intimal mast cells were fewer in number in areas of lipid accumulation than in areas of diffuse intimal thickening without lipid accumulation. The reduction in the number of intimal mast cells may play a part in the localization of atherosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Measurement of endothelial fibrinolytic activity in aorta and vena cava in rabbits: a fibrin-agar plate method.

The fibrin-agar plate method was used to estimate fibrinolytic activity from the luminal surfaces of aorta and vena cava with or without denudation of endothelium in rabbits. Diffuse endothelial denudation was accomplished by air-dry injury to the luminal surfaces for 24 hours prior to sacrifice. The segments individually obtained from the aorta and vena cava were immediately turned inside out in a cylindrical fashion and soaked in a vial containing plasminogen-rich solution. The vials were kept in a refrigerator at 4 degrees C for 4 hours. Five microliter of the solution was dropped on a fibrin-agar plate containing 0.08% fibrinogen (plasminogen free) and 1.4% agar in 0.01 M phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.4. A thrombin solution was then added to the plates, which were incubated for 18 hours at 37 degrees C in a moist chamber. The fibrinolytically digested areas revealed no comparative difference in fibrinolytic activity between the aorta and the vena cava either in the experimental or control group. However, a plasminogen activator was detected on the luminal surfaces of both the aorta and the vena cava with endothelial denudation as well as in normal controls. These results suggest that luminal fibrinolytic activity may be located not only in endothelial cells but possibly in other sources as well. Further examination of the interaction between the tissue activator and the inhibitor and determination of their localization are needed. Thrombogenesis may be an important factor in atherogenesis; in certain circumstances, detachment of the endothelial cells exposes underlying collagen fibrils and subsequently initiates the aggregation of platelets and cellular proliferation in the intima. There are, however, many unresolved questions concerning the precise mechanisms of development, resolution and organization of thrombi.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Mitotic structure of aortic intimal cells induced by mechanical injury in swine.

Repair processes of the aortic wall have been studied electron microscopically after removal of the endothelium by an inflated balloon procedure in the thoracic aortae of swine. Initial responses after injury included a thrombotic reaction, the appearance of intimal cells over the denuded surface, and increased mitotic activity of medial cells adjacent to the dead cells by day 3. Cells which engaged in intimal thickening were classified as modified smooth muscle cells throughout the course of this investigation. Mitosis of intimal cells, which was initially observed at day 3, substantially increased at day 7 and decreased by day 14. Mitotic intimal cells contained the same cytoplasmic organelles as interphase modified smooth muscle cells. A detailed description of the paired cisternae as an ultrastructural feature of cell division of modified smooth muscle cells was provided. The paired cisternae were initially observed among the remnants of the nuclear envelope in late prophase; they remained at the periphery of the mitotic apparatus in meta- and anaphase, and finally attached themselves to the nuclear envelope of the daughter cells in late telophase.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isolated stenosis of the pulmonary artery branches--an autopsy case with review of the literatures.

A necropsy of a 21-year-old male with isolated stenosis of the pulmonary artery was presented. The pulmonary artery branches showed various fibrous thickening including atheromata and mural thrombi. Those findings appeared mostly in elastic and large muscular pulmonary arteries as well as in medium sized arteries, while the small arteries and arterioles remained in slight changes. Systemic large elastic arteries seemed to be small and showed atheromatous lesions similar to those of the main pulmonary arteries. Moreover, eight autopsy cases with pulmonary artery stenosis from the literature were shortly reviewed and some pathological findings as an aid for angiographic cardiovascular studies were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Influence of dietary trans-fatty acids on swine lipoprotein composition and structure.

Four groups of 20 weanling swine each were fed either (a) basal diet, (b) basal plus hydrogenated fat (13% trans), (c) basal plus hydrogenated fat (13% trans) and 0.4% cholesterol, or (d) basal plus beef tallow (all cis). After six months of feeding, the animals were killed and the blood and aortas were removed. Very low density, low density, and high density lipoproteins were then isolated from the plasma by ultracentrifugal flotation. Although the fatty acid composition of the basal diet was different from the diets supplemented with either hydrogenated fat containing trans-fatty acid or beef tallow containing all cis, the lipid and fatty acid compositions of each of the isolated lipoprotein classes for the four groups of animals were remarkably similar. Elaidate was clearly incorporated into the lipoproteins of animals fed hydrogenated fat, but the level of incorporation was generally less than 5%. In a direct comparison of the structure of the lipoproteins from the different groups, we did not find any significant differences in their physical properties as determined by pyrene fluorescence and electron paramagnetic resonance methods. Grossly visible fatty streaks and fibrous plaques were not found in any of the swine aorta. However, light and electron microscopy indicated the presence of atherosclerotic lesions in the distal abdominal aorta and bifurcation. These studies demonstrate that a diet containing a substantial amount of trans-fatty acid leads to a small but definite incorporation into the swine lipoproteins. However, such changes had relatively little effect on lipoprotein structure or the presence of atherosclerotic lesions in these 6-month-old swine.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Degeneration of aortic smooth muscle cells in swine fed excess vitamin D3.

Twenty-eight weanling swine were divided into two groups and fed a basal ration of corn and soybean meal or one containing a high fat and cholesterol supplement. One subgroup of each received 220,000 IU of vitamin D3 per kilogram. Grossly normal areas of the distal abdominal aorta were used for quantitative comparison of degenerated smooth muscle cells by electron microscopical cell counts. Degeneration was classified into rarefaction, condensation, and frequency per 100 nucleated cells. The frequency of dead cells was demonstrable between the swine fed excess vitamin D3 with or without high fat and cholesterol and those fed the basal ration alone, or frequencies of 7.9, 7.4, and 5.6 at 3 months of age (P less than .05) and 7.3, 6.2, and 5.1 at 6 months (P less than .05), respectively. No significant difference was demonstrable between the swine fed high fat and cholesterol without excess vitamin D3 and those fed the basal ration alone, or frequencies of 5.7 and 5.6 at 3 months of age and 5.5 and 5.1 at 6 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Aortic intimal changes in aging swine.

Aortic intimal lesions in aging swine contained smooth muscle, monocyte-like and unclassifiable cells. The most frequent cellular constituent was the smooth muscle cell that had slightly different features than those in the media. Monocyte-like and unclassified cells appeared largely in the innermost layer of the intima; both types of cells were ultrastructurally similar in appearance except the former had heterophagic vacuoles and overall resemblance to circulating monocytes in shape and size. These cells seemed to preexist in aortic lesions of untreated, aging swine. The intima-media strips of the grossly normal thoracic aortas in 3 1/2 year old swine showed significantly higher contents of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and total lipids than those of a 6 month old swine. Three to four month old cultured aortic cells accumulated extracellular components, such as fibriles, electron dense substances and cellular debris, which appeared similar to the extracellular matrix of aortic plaques in aged swine.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

Additive risk factors in atherosclerosis.

The tissues of human subjects assayed for a higher level of vitamin D than the tissues of 6-month-old swine which had been fed a commercial ration containing 14 times more vitamin D3 than the National Research Council recommended requirement for growing swine. Bioassays of commercial livestock feeds indicate much higher vitamin D contents than the National Research Council recommendation. High levels of vitamin D activity are demonstrable in tissues from the animals on such livestock feeds. The grossly normal areas of the aorta of weanling swine fed 100,000 IU of vitamin D3/pound of basal ration during the initial 6 weeks had a higher frequency of degenerated smooth muscle cells than the grossly normal areas of the aorta of swine fed the commercial ration, or 7.43+/-0.45 and 5.60+/-0.27/100 cells, respectively, at the age of 3 months. Tbe addition of 13 pounds of hydrogenated fat and 200 g of cholesterol/100 pounds of the commercial ration further increased the frequency of degenerated smooth muscle cells by 0.53 (P less than 0.05) or to 7.96 +/- 0.39/100 cells in the grossly normal areas of the aorta of weanling swine fed this fat-supplemented ration to 3 months of age.

Adipose Tissue↗