Biomedical subjects

A Kanno

Publications and source records attributed to A Kanno.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

[A case of leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine with perforative peritonitis].

On April 15th, 1986, the patient, a 58-year-old man, felt ill because of a stomachache. On April 15, he was referred to our hospital and admitted after having been diagnosed as having pan peritonitis. During surgery, an extraintestinal growth, a small fist-size tumor, was detected in the jejunum. The tumor was partly perforated, and a partial resection of the small intestine was carried out. A histopathological examination led to the diagnosis of a leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine. On June 12, 1987, the patient again returned to our hospital, complaining of a stomachache. A reoperation was performed for perforative peritonitis due to its recurrence but only palliative treatment could be provided.

Appendicitis↗

PubMed1988

[A case of an exogastric developing-type carcinoma of the stomach and a review of thirty nine cases reported in Japan].

One personally handled case of an exogastric developing-type carcinoma of the stomach and 39 other cases reported in Japan are discussed in this study. Twenty-seven cases mainly involved an abdominal tumor. As to the developing region, it was frequently in the greater curvature of the antrum. By tissue type, many undifferentiated medullary cancers were noted. With regard to treatment, many researchers recommend the excision of the other complicated organs. Survival for more than postoperative 1 year were as few as 4 cases, including the case handled.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1987

Relationship between the replication of hepatitis B virus and the localization of virus nucleocapsid antigen (HBcAg) in hepatocytes.

According to the localization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (HBcAg), detected by the avidin-biotin complex method, infected hepatocytes were classified into three types, i.e. those having nuclear (type I), nuclear and cytoplasmic (type II) or only cytoplasmic (type III) antigen. HBcAg-positive hepatocytes of all specimens (three) from non-specific reactive hepatitis and of most (five of seven) from chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) patients were only type I; the other two CPH samples and all (seven) chronic active hepatitis samples were composed of a mixture of types I, II and III. Linear correlations between the frequency of type I, as well as that of of all types (I, II and III) of the HBcAg-positive hepatocytes, and the amount of HBV DNA in serum were found. The relative HBV production of HBcAg-positive hepatocytes (serum HBV DNA amount/frequency of HBcAg-positive cells) was 0.11 in type I and 0.07 in all hepatocytes including types I, II and III. HBV core particles and complete HBV particles were found in type I hepatocytes. On the other hand, these particles were not found in a predominantly type III liver specimen. These results suggest that type I hepatocytes are more involved in the propagation of HBV than types II and III.

DNA Replication↗

PubMed1987

[Clinical evaluation of tumor markers in breast cancer patients].

During the past 4 years, the performances of various tumor markers such as CA15-3, CEA, ferritin, beta 2-microglobulin and TPA have been evaluated in 78 cases of mammary cancer. The results were categorised according to differences in stages, difference in values from patients with recurrent tumors, the incidence of abnormal values and differences in values before and after surgery. When the incidence of values higher than the cutoff value was determined for each of stage I, II and III + IV, the rates for CEA were 14.3%, 4.9% and 27.8%, respectively, whereas those for TPA were 25.0%, 22.2% and 26.7%, respectively. In addition, for CA15-3, the incidences were 0% in stage I, 5.0% in stage II and 57.1% for combined stages III + IV. The average values for patients with recurrent tumors were 3.2 ng/ml CEA, 194.5 ng/ml ferritin, 316.2 U/l TPA and 81.3 U/ml CA15-3. The rates of abnormal values were 40.0% for CEA, 40.0% for ferritin, 85.7% for TPA and 63.6% for CA15-3. Differences in the values after surgical removal of the tumor were observed with these tumor markers: the CEA value was reduced from 1.6 +/- 1.4 to 1.1 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.01) and the CA15-3 value from 12.2 +/- 8.4 to 9.3 +/- 4.1 (p less than 0.05), respectively, whereas that for ferritin was conversely increased from 48.9 +/- 48.0 to 74.0 +/- 70.0 (p less than 0.01). However, the values for TPA, despite showing a tendency to decrease, did not show any statistically significant alteration. The fluctuations of these marker levels in patients with recurrent tumors reflects the progress of the disease, with a sudden elevation in values indicating imminent death. The diagnostic significance of these markers is not high, but they are considered to be useful in detecting the progress or condition of a recurrent tumor.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Seroepidemiological studies on a non-A, non-B hepatitis specific antigen/antibody system (SO-antigen/anti-SO).

The patients and staff members of a haemodialysis unit were examined for their serological responses to SO-antigen, which was isolated from the urine of epidemic type non-A, non-B hepatitis patients at Tohoku University Hospital. To understand how SO-antigen or SO-antigen-related aetiology can be incriminated for the hepatitis found in the haemodialysis unit, the prevalence of SO-antigen/anti-SO system and hepatitis A and B virus-related antibodies was compared in the sera of patients and staff members. Although the SO-antigen was rarely detected in the serum, anti-SO antibody was frequently detected in the sera of patients and staff. A significantly higher prevalence was found in the serum of patients (15%, 54 out of 361) than staff members (7.1%, 13 out of 184) and volunteer blood donors (1%, 3 out of 305). The same prevalence percentages of HBV-related antibodies (either positive for anti-HBs or anti-HBc) and anti-HAV were observed among the patients, staff, and volunteer blood donors, irrespective of whether the sera were anti-SO positive or negative. Among the staff, anti-SO antibody was more frequently found in those with a history of acute hepatitis (16.7%, 3 out of 18) than in those without (6%, 10 out of 166). These prevalence ratios conformed with those of HBV-related antibodies, but the same prevalence ratios of antibody to HAV were observed between the staff with and without a history of acute hepatitis. These results indicate that the SO-antigen/anti-SO system or entity related to this immune system is distinct from HBV or HAV, and this immune system was found widely in the haemodialysis unit where type B and non-A, non-B hepatitis were also found frequently.

Allied Health Personnel↗

PubMed1986

Immunochemical characterization of hepatitis B e antigen subtypes, HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2, in sera of hepatitis B virus carriers.

The interrelation between HBeAg subtypes, HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2, in sera was examined immunochemically. The detection of HBeAg subtypes in immunodiffusion (ID) depended upon the amount of HBeAg determined by reversed passive haemagglutination (RPHA), ie, the titres of HBeAg in sera positive for both HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2, positive for only HBeAg/1 and negative for both HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2 were 2(9.8) +/- 1.5, 2(7.0) +/- 1.6, and 2(5.6) +/- 1.3, respectively. When the sera belonging to the latter two groups were concentrated up to 2(10) RPHA titre, the precipitin line corresponding to that of HBeAg/2-anti-HBeAg/2 was visualized in ID. Monoclonal anti-HBeAg antibody that absorbed only the precipitin line of HBeAg/1-anti-HBeAg/1 in ID was prepared for the characterization of HBeAg subtypes. A linear correlation (r = 0.91) between titres of HBeAg determined by the RPHA cells prepared with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was found in almost all HBeAg-positive sera. The reactivities of this monoclonal anti-HBeAg antibody to both HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2 were demonstrated in affinity chromatography experiments using a Sepharose 4B column conjugated with this antibody. These results suggest that both HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2 are constantly present in HBeAg-positive sera and that they are closely associated. Based upon these results, a hypothetical model for the elucidation of the immunological relationship between HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2 is proposed.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Two distinct types of non-A, non-B hepatitis in a cardiovascular surgical unit.

The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis in a cardiovascular surgical unit was examined among the 204 patients who received blood transfusion and extracorporeal circulation while undergoing open heart surgery during April 1979 to December 1981. Among 115 adult patients (20 to 69 years old) 46 (43%) developed non-A, non-B hepatitis, whereas the incidence in younger patients (1 to 19 years old) was much lower (21.8%, 19 out of 89). When monthly incidence was examined during the study period, two nosocomial epidemics, the first during September 1979 to February 1980 and second during October 1980 to January 1981, were found. When clinical features such as maximum ALT level and the proportion of icterus were examined, the features of the above two epidemics were taken to be different from those consistently observed through the study period. The epidemic type hepatitis not only resulted in more severe clinical features than the nonepidemic type, but the sera of the former contained immune complexes at a higher rate (80%) than did the latter (7.6%).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

A risk index for the prediction of the incidence of non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis in open-heart surgery patients.

Risk factors related to the occurrence of non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) were statistically analyzed in 204 patients (115 adults and 89 children) who received blood transfusion and extracorporeal circulation during open-heart surgery. The PTH incidence, irrespective of age or body weight, was affected by both transfusion volume and circulation time, ie, the incidence increased cumulatively with the increment of these two variables. Based upon such statistical analysis, a "PTH-risk index," from which one can objectively predict the probability of PTH, was devised by the summation of standardized transfusion volumes (Vs) and circulation time (Ts). As a result, a high correlation between the obtained PTH-risk index and actual incidence was found. The obtained straight regression line between PTH-risk index and the actual incidence rate enabled us to predict the incidence of PTH in open-heart surgery patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

An antigen/antibody system specific for an epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis in patients of a cardiovascular surgical unit.

The antigen/antibody systems specific for non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) were studied using urine samples as the antigen source and sera for the antibody source. Two immunologically distinct systems, SO-antigen/anti-SO and MI-antigen/anti-MI were discovered. This paper deals chiefly with the characterization of the SO-antigen, which was associated with an epidemic-type non-A, non-B hepatitis found during September 1979 to February 1980 (first outbreak) and October 1980 to January 1981 (second outbreak) in the Cardiovascular Surgical Unit of Tohoku University Hospital. All patients who developed non-A, non-B hepatitis during the first and second epidemic periods had SO-antigen in their urine (24 out of 24). After the epidemic, however, the detection rate of SO-antigen gradually decreased among patients in the same unit, although posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis continued to be found. The final detection of SO-antigen occurred at or just after the elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels during the episode of hepatitis and persisted in most cases throughout the elevated period. Anti-SO antibody was detected relatively late (eight months after blood transfusion, in most cases) and apparently persisted longer than five years. The immunological and physicochemical properties of SO-antigen were also studied. It appeared to be neither a plasma protein nor a liver tissue component when the cross-reactivity of SO-antigen was examined by the immunodiffusion method. Absorption with insolubilized human serum and liver tissues failed to affect the anti-SO antibody activity. The molecular weight of SO-antigen was estimated to be 250,000, the sedimentation coefficient to be 11.0 S, and the buoyant density in CsCl to be 1.215 g/cm3. Electron microscopy showed that the SO-antigen corresponded with uniform particles with a mean diameter of 11 nm. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of SO-antigen revealed only a single protein band corresponding to molecular weight 38,000.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Virological significance of HBeAg subtypes (HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2) in patients with type B hepatitis.

In order to establish the virological significance of HBeAg subtypes (HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2) during hepatitis B virus infection, HBsAg, HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and HBcAg in liver were determined quantitatively in relation to the detection of HBeAg subtypes in agar gel diffusion. Thirty-eight chronic HBsAg carriers with HBeAg, including 16 non-specific reactive hepatitis, 8 chronic persistent hepatitis, 11 chronic active hepatitis and 3 liver cirrhosis, who were seen at Tohoku University Hospital from 1983 to 1985, were examined. Significantly larger amounts of HBsAg, HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and HBcAg in liver were found in patients positive for both HBeAg/1 and HBeAg/2 in serum than in those positive for only HBeAg/1 or negative for both subtypes. These results suggest that the presence of HBeAg/2 in serum may reflect the occurrence of active viral replication. When the detection pattern of HBeAg subtypes was examined during serial follow-up for at least 1 year, three groups of patients were classified with respect to the presence of HBeAg/2, i.e., Type I, consistently positive for HBeAg/2; Type II, consistently negative for HBeAg/2, and Type III, intermittently positive for HBeAg/2. More than 80% of Type I patients were histologically diagnosed having as nonspecific reactive hepatitis, while more than 80% of Type II and III patients had more progressive liver diseases such as chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. These results suggest that the serial examination of HBeAg subtypes in serum may be important for more detailed evaluations of type B hepatitis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evolutionary variations in DNA sequences transferred from chloroplast genomes to mitochondrial genomes in the Gramineae.

The transfer of fragments of DNA from chloroplast genomes to mitochondrial genomes is considered to be a general phenomenon in higher plants. In the present study, Southern hybridization, together with amplification by PCR and DNA sequencing techniques, was used to examine the regions homologous to chloroplast rps19 in the mitochondrial genomes of several gramineous plants. In all the mitochondrial DNAs from the gramineous plants examined, except for that from wheat, the transferred fragments of chloroplast DNA were found to be maintained and the same junctions of mitochondrion-specific and chloroplast-like sequences were found at one terminus. This finding indicates that the transfer of the chloroplast sequence occurred in the distant past during the evolution of gramineous plants. Subsequent analysis revealed that the fragments had been variously rearranged among species with respect to the other terminus. Considering the current diversity of this one particular transferred fragment of chloroplast DNA, we propose that chloroplast-derived DNA sequences that have lost their original functions tend to be rearranged during evolution in mitochondrial genomes.

Base Sequence↗