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Biomedical subjects

A Kapadia

Publications and source records attributed to A Kapadia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Evaluation of an intervention to change attitudes toward date rape.

The prevalence of date rape among college students is a major concern. Although much research has been done on risk factors for date rape, few researchers have specifically described interventions for the various stages of developing a date-rape prevention program. Previous programs have often relied on educational videos that feature a "typical" date-rape scenario, a format that some researchers suggest may have a negative effect on the way people engage in aggressive sexual behavior. A less violent theatrical production based on social learning theory and risk-factor reduction that resulted in a significant improvement in attitudes related to date rape among both male and female students at an elite Texas university is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Pregnancy, alcohol use and the effectiveness of written health education materials.

This study was conducted to determine whether health education materials were more effective when written at a lower rather than a higher reading level. Women (n = 252) who visited public health maternity clinics selected either English- or Spanish-language health designed to discourage alcohol use, depending on whether the women preferred to read English or Spanish. The materials were written on the third and the 10th-grade reading levels. The women were randomly assigned to receive materials written on one of the two levels. Then participants completed the pre-test, read the health education material and were post-tested immediately. Among English-speaking participants, the material written at the lower reading level was shown to be more effective. Whereas among Spanish-speaking participants, test scores were unchanged after reading either health education material. Overall, we recommend that health care providers design or purchase materials that are easy-to-read and provide face-to-face counseling about abstaining from alcohol. Providers should not rely on written materials to communicate important messages when working with pregnant women.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Renal involvement in multiple myeloma.

The present study is a retrospective chart analysis of 33 patients who satisfied the diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma. Sixteen (49.5%) of these 33 patients developed renal failure at some point in time. The mean age +/- 1SD of patients who developed renal failure was 59.2 +/- 13 years (range 34-85 years). There were 12 males and 4 females. The precipitating factors for renal failure were dehydration (12.5%), hypercalcemia (62.5%) and use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (6.2%). Hypercalcemia was observed in 10 of the 16 patients who developed renal failure while it was seen in only 4 of the 17 cases who did not develop renal failure (relative risk 5.4). In 11 (68.7%) patients, the renal function improved with hydration, treatment of hypercalcemia and chemotherapy. The 1 and 3 year actuarial survival of patients with renal failure and multiple myeloma was 87% and 74% respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Radical cystectomy for invasive squamous cell bladder cancer in a renal transplant patient.

A rare case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder developing 5 years after cadaveric renal transplant is described. The technical precautions to be taken while performing a radical cystectomy in such a situation is highlighted. This patient required chemotherapy in the post-operative period, and the role of chemotherapy in the presence of immunosuppressive therapy is discussed.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1993

Leiomyosarcoma of the vulva.

A case of Leiomyosarcoma of the vulva is presented. It is important to discuss diagnosis and treatment because of its rarity and usual presentation as a benign lesion. Radical vulvectomy with bilateral groin dissection was performed. Local recurrence occurred four years after surgery and was re-excised. At present, the patient is alive with no evidence of disease.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Retrospective evaluation of recurrence after radical abdominal hysterectomy in patients with cervical carcinoma.

Out of total 176 patients with cervical carcinoma treated with radical abdominal hysterectomy at GCRI, 27 developed recurrence. The results of this study (Study A) were compared with the study carried out by Figge & Tamini, 1981 (Study B) and Thomas W. Burke, 1987 (Study C) as the approaches in all the three studies were more or less similar. The recurrence rates were 15.3%, 11.8% and 11.3% respectively in three studies. In cervical stage IB carcinoma, which is usually treated with this line of treatment, the recurrence rates were 20%, 12.3% and 11.3% respectively in three studies. The highest recurrence rates were observed in adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma i.e. 50% in Study A, 33.3% in Study B and 17.4% in Study C. The adverse effects of high risk factors such as lymph node metastases and CLS involvement were less in Study A as compared to B. The deep stromal invasion was equally responsible in both the studies. The mean and median time interval until observed recurrence with post-operative radiotherapy were better in Studies B and A. Nearly 86% developed recurrence within 24 months which is useful observation for predicting the prognosis in similar situations. The evaluation and comparison of studies stresses the importance of new approaches to treatment on the current modalities as the present approach seems to be less effective especially in the presence of high risk factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Immunocytochemical studies of blood group A, H, I, and i antigens in gastric mucosae of infants with normal gastric histology and of patients with gastric carcinoma and chronic benign peptic ulceration.

Indirect immunofluorescence studies of blood group A, H, I, and i antigens were performed on the gastric mucosae and tumor tissues of patients with gastric carcinoma, on the mucosae of patients with chronic benign gastric ulceration, and on the mucosae of infants who had died of causes other than gastrointestinal disease. The following findings were of particular interest: (1) Normal 'secretor' type mucosae were distinguishable from 'non-secretor' type mucosae by the uniform staining of the A or H antigens at the surface and in the pits. Normal 'non-secretor' type mucosae showed little staining of the H or A antigens but, instead, there was staining with anti-I(Ma) antibody. Staining with anti-I(Step) and anti-i(Den) did not show a clear correlation with the 'secretor'/'non-secretor' status of the normal mucosae. (2) Apparently normal areas of gastric mucosae of patients with gastric carcinoma or the normal part of gastric mucosae of patients with benign gastric ulcer frequently showed focal areas of loss or gain of the blood group antigens as is often seen in gastric carcinoma tissues. (3) In the mucosae of patients with intestinal metaplasia there was marked loss of A/H antigens in 'secretors' and I(Ma) antigen in 'non-secretors'. (4) Staining characteristics of tissues from gastric carcinoma were:(a) Focal loss of the expected A/H or I antigens was observed with much variation in staining from area to area, but only a minority showed complete loss of the expected staining. (b) A majority of the carcinomas from 'secretors' showed foci of substantial staining with anti-I(Ma) in contrast to normal 'secretor' mucosae. This is probably due to incomplete biosynthesis of A/H determinants. (c) Incompatible A-like staining by a rabbit anti-A serum was observed in one out of nine adenocarcinomas from blood group B or O persons. (d) A few cases showed substantial i antigen staining. The aberrant expression of blood group A, H, I, and i antigens in neoplastic as well as in some areas of morphologically normal mucosa of patients with benign and malignant diseases of the stomach is discussed in the context of current biochemical knowledge.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Impaired T-cell mitogen responses in some patients with thalassemia intermedia.

Ten thalassemia intermedia patients were tested for their mitogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin P (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Impaired responses to PHA and Con A were observed in patients with serum-iron levels higher than 200 microgram/dl. Responses within or slightly higher than those in the normal range were observed in patients with serum-iron lower than 200 microgram/dl. By contrast, no significant changes occurred in the majority of the responses to PWM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Expression of blood group I and i active carbohydrate sequences on cultured human and animal cell lines assessed by radioimmunoassays with monoclonal cold agglutinins.

Human monoclonal anti-I and anti-i antibodies, reactive with known carbohydrate sequences, have been used as reagents to quantitate (by radioimmunoassay) and visualize (by immunofluorescence) the expression of the various blood group I and i antigenic determinants in a variety of cultured cell lines commonly used in laboratory investigations. It has been shown that the antigens they recognize are widely distributed on the surface of human and animal cell lines, expressed in varying amounts in different cell lines and on individual cells within a given cell line. In two cell lines, a transformation-associated increase in the expression of I antigen was observed. Because of their precise specificity for defined carbohydrate chain domains, these autoantibodies have become valuable reagents in biological chemistry.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1980

I and i antigens of human peripheral blood lymphocytes cocap with receptors for concanavalin A.

Surface immunofluorescence experiments using a human anti-i and two anti-I antisera have been performed on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These are known to contain cold-reactive monoclonal IgM antibodies against the carbohydrate sequence: (formula: see text). A high proportion of B- and T-type lymphocytes express these I and i determinants. In the presence of anti-human immunoglobulin, the cold-reactive membrane-associated complexes of I-anti-I and i-anti-i become stabilized, and redistribution (with patching and capping) can be elicited at 37 degrees C. Dual fluorescence experiments have shown striking concordant staining of I or i (fluorescein) caps and patches with concanavalin A (rhodamine) reactive sites on normal and leukemic cells, suggesting that a proportion of I and i active structures of lymphocyte membranes are structurally associated or physiologically coupled with glycoproteins carrying oligosaccharides with branched mannosyl cores.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1979

Familial herpes simplex infection associated with activation of the complement system.

A patient with severe recurrent herpes infection was evaluated for immunologic analysis including a profile of complement components. The peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patient responded by proliferation to herpes simplex antigen but failed to produce leukocyte migration inhibition factor. Herpes simplex antibody titers increased during active infection. Total hemolytic complement (TCH50), the third (C3), fifth (C5), sixth (C6) and seventh (C7) components of complement, and factor B were dramatically reduced; the first (C1), second (C2) and fourth (C4) components of complement were within normal limits. In family members with a history of recurrent herpes simplex, one or more of the later complement components (C5, C6 or C7) was reduced. This study demonstrates the activation of complement in these serums via the alternative pathway.

Adult↗