Biomedical subjects

A Karbowski

Publications and source records attributed to A Karbowski.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Chondrocytes and antirheumatic drugs.

Effects of antirheumatic drugs upon cartilage matrix metabolism have been studied in a variety of chondrocyte in vitro systems. When compared longterm in 60 experiments under standardized conditions, articular chondrocytes cultured in agarose exhibit variability in proteoglycan synthesis, and its suppression by interleukin 1 (IL-1), but a high reproducibility in the modulation of these effects by antirheumatic drugs. Pentosan polysulfate, tenidap, tiaprofenic acid, and RO 31-9790 all compensated to a certain extent the IL-1 induced suppression of matrix synthesis in bovine chondrocytes, but only for tiaprofenic acid could this be confirmed using chondrocytes of human origin. Culture conditions as well as species differences should therefore be considered carefully when chondrocyte cultures are used as pharmacological models.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Multiple cartilagenous exostoses].

This is a review of aspects of hereditary multiple exostosis relevant for the orthopedic surgeon. The autosomally dominant hereditary disease with great individual expression is the result of dysplasia of the peripheral growth plate. During growth exostosis can induce severe secondary deformities and reduction of joint mobility, especially the forearm, knee and ankle. Treatment is surgical with the removal of symptom-producing exostoses the most common procedure. For corrective surgery careful preoperative planning, careful choice of treatment modality and sustained follow-up are necessary. The nearly 1% risk of malignant transformation, most frequently to low-grade chondrosarcoma, must be monitored. A rare complication is cervical cord compression.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗

PubMed1994

[The radiotherapy of hyperplastic heterotopic ossification in osteogenesis imperfecta. 2 case reports].

PURPOSE: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare hereditary disease of connective tissue with a genetic defect in collagen synthesis. In osteogenesis imperfecta hyperplastic heterotopic ossification can be induced by hyperplastic callus formation caused by trauma or operation. Heterotopic ossifications can be found in numerous benign diseases. The successful use of low dose radiotherapy in the treatment of heterotopic ossifications is well-known from the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We treated two children (a 13-year-old girl and a ten-year-old boy) with heterotopic ossifications of the lower extremities in osteogenesis imperfecta type IV (Lobstein) with a low dose irradiation (10 x 1 Gy, respectively 6 x 1 Gy) under megavoltage conditions. RESULTS: After radiotherapy the children were painfree and the hyperplastic callus was considerably reduced. The previously immobilized patients could partly be mobilized. Thereby it could be contributed to the rehabilitation of the patients. New hyperplastic callus formation was not observed in the irradiated areas so far. CONCLUSION: Analogous to the successful radiation of heterotopic ossifications in other benign diseases radiation therapy seems to be a successful treatment of hyperplastic callus formation in osteogenesis imperfecta. Despite the late risks of radiotherapy radiation treatment of benign diseases in children might be indicated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Osteogenesis imperfecta and hyperplastic callus formation: light- and electron-microscopic findings.

In rare cases of osteogenesis imperfecta, an "overshoot" growth of new bone may occur, which, clinically gives the impression of a tumour. This condition is known as hyperplastic callus formation. Morphology showed an excessive mixed desmal-chondral osteoneogenesis. Atypical collagen fibrils in non-callus tissue represent an indicator for this callus formation in individual patients.

Bony Callus↗

PubMed1993

Treatment of congenital elevation of the scapula. 10 (2-18) year follow-up of 37 cases of Sprengel's deformity.

We studied retrospectively and partially prospectively all 37 cases of Sprengel's disease who were treated between 1970 and 1990, 23 of whom were operated on. Many of the patients were severely handicapped by abnormal shoulder abduction and elevation. Neurological deficits were not found. 34 of our cases had other congenital malformations. Several operative techniques were used. In cases with only cosmetic problems we now prefer resection of part of the superior angle. In cases with impaired function we prefer the Woodward-procedure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Influence of continuous infusion of interleukin-1 alpha on the core protein and the core protein fragments of the small proteoglycan decorin in cartilage.

Decorin, a collagen-binding small proteoglycan, is considered to have a specific function in the organization or stability of the collagen network. Therefore, alteration of its molecular properties may be of pathophysiological relevance during the development of cartilage damage. It is shown here that normal cartilage from rabbit knee-joint contains glycosaminoglycan chain-bearing core protein fragments of 39, 23, and 18 kDa, each one amounting to approximately 5-6% of the intact decorin core protein. Continuous infusion of human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha for 14 days (200 ng/day) into a knee-joint led in condylar cartilage to a reduction in the amount of intact core protein from 2 micrograms/mg wet tissue to about 1.1 micrograms/mg. The increase in its quantity found after infusion of heat-inactivated interleukin-1 was not statistically significant. The concentration of all three core protein fragments became reduced to a similar extent as the intact core protein under the influence of the cytokine, and additional fragments were not found. Surprisingly, there was a much smaller response to interleukin-1-treatment in patellar cartilage.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Double-blind, parallel comparison of etodolac and indomethacin in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.

The efficacy and tolerability of etodolac and indomethacin were compared in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Sixty-four patients entered a double-blind, parallel trial and were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg etodolac twice daily (n = 31) or 50 mg indomethacin 3-times daily (n = 33) for 6 weeks. Both groups showed significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) improvement from baseline in all efficacy assessments at the final evaluation. However, significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) greater decreases from baseline were seen for etodolac than for indomethacin in patients' global evaluation, pain intensity, night pain, standing pain, walking pain, pain getting up from a chair, tenderness on pressure, and knee flexion. In addition, 67% of the patients in the etodolac group indicated improvement in their condition at the final evaluation, compared with 53% of the patients who received indomethacin. No patients in the etodolac group withdrew because of adverse reactions compared to 4 patients in the indomethacin group. Furthermore, significantly more patients in the indomethacin group (52%) than in the etodolac group (19%) reported drug-related adverse reactions. Thus, the results of this study strongly indicate that etodolac is more effective and produces fewer side-effects than indomethacin in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Histopathological features of unilateral stapling in animal experiments.

Blount stapling of the proximal medial tibial growth was performed in 10-week-old domestic pigs. A total of 37 animals for up to 17 weeks were followed up. The histological evaluation showed a different reaction of the growth plate in the medial (stapled), central and lateral area. Up to 6 days after stapling the morphological features were characterized by deviations of the cell column from the axial alignment. Herniations of mature chondrocytes as well as isles of epiphyseal cartilage splintered into the adjacent metaphyseal cancellous bone were seen. From the 10th to the 11th postoperative day on there was a decline in the number of distal hypertrophic and degenerating cartilage cells due to impaired proliferation. Cell atrophy due to disturbed maturation or cell degeneration was evident. Local clusters of chondrocytes with loss of columnar arrangement indicated impaired chondrogenesis. Twenty-eight days after the operation coarser structures and changed alignment of cancellous bone characterized the morphological picture. The postoperative follow-up showed epiphyseal plates bounded by mature bone blocks or even a distinct sheet of horizontally oriented bone plates on the metaphyseal side. Many metaphyseal findings, such as augmented hypertrophic cells in the early postoperative period, or platelike limitations of the epiphyseal plate complete the morphological picture.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Ultrasonography of the hip for Perthes' disease.

The incidence of intracapsular hip-joint effusion in the initial stage of Perthes' disease is unknown. Recent experimental data demonstrated intracapsular hip-joint tamponade followed by necrosis of the femoral head. Ultrasonographic screening of children with "irritable hip syndrome" may reveal a ventral capsular distension as the decisive morphological criterion of hip-joint effusion. The patient is treated by aspiration of the effusion, bed rest, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The noninvasive and nonionizing ultrasonographic technique permits the identification of a persisting hip-joint effusion by consequent serial follow-up. The suspicion of Perthes' disease can be confirmed by radiography, scintimetry, or, moreover, by magnetic resonance. On the other hand, hypertrophic synovial tissue stopping up the articular cavity and producing weak echos can be demonstrated in patients with a severe course of the disease. The importance of the sonographic diagnosis "ventral capsular distension along the femoral neck" for the prognosis and therapy of Perthes' disease should be investigated. Hips with intracapsular effusion should not be immobilized in extension and/or mild traction, as a relation between high intracapsular pressure and the position of the extended hip is known.

Child↗

PubMed1989

Metaphyseal aspects of stapling. An experimental study in pigs.

Blount stapling of the growth plate induced changes in the metaphyseal architecture, which progressed in correlation to the postoperative follow-up. The stereological investigations revealed a subtile reaction of the medial stapled tibial plate in a total of 37 domestic pigs (10 weeks old) during the postoperative follow-up (up to 17 weeks). Zone 1, 380-1120 microns distal to the plate representing "bone modelling", and zone 2, 1180-2360 microns distally representing "bone remodelling", were investigated separately. The findings in zone 2 were very similar to zone 1 but were less extensive. The parameter most sensitive to stapling was the surface density; the trabecular distance showed parallel but less impressive findings. The specific surface and trabecular diameter changed with some delay. The last parameter to change was the volume density.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

A global safety evaluation of etodolac.

Etodolac has previously been reported to have an excellent safety profile. Results of recent clinical trials and of a clinical practice study were compared with the previously reported safety data for etodolac. The total incidence of patient complaints and of laboratory abnormalities continues to be low, with no apparent increase in side effects with increasing patient age. In the clinical practice study, 60% of study events occurred early in therapy (before 10 weeks). These data support an excellent safety profile for etodolac.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Arthritis induced by continuous infusion of hr-interleukin-1 alpha into the rabbit knee-joint.

Continuous infusion of 200 ng/day hrIL-1 alpha for 14 days into knee-joints of rabbits leads to a severe arthritis of low aggressivity. This arthritis shows simultaneously characteristics of acute (serous and fibrinous exudation, polymorph infiltration, etc.) as well as chronic (synovial cell proliferation and fibrosis, pannus formation, cartilage and bone erosion, etc.) inflammation. The arthritis was associated with a distinct loss of metachromasia of the articular cartilage. These results indicate that IL-1 might play an important role in the induction and maintenance of arthritis.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

[X-ray morphology and pathologic anatomy of osteoblastoma].

Between 1974 and 1984, 24 patients with osteoblastomas were entered in the bone tumour registry of the Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology and Institute for Clinical Radiology of Westphalia. These cases are evaluated. Osteoblastoma is a benign primary bone tumour with a peak incidence between ten and 20 years and a sex ratio of 18 males to 4 females in our series. The site of predilection is the spine (59%) with long bones in second place (32%). The tumor is mostly situated in the medulla. Radiologically it usually appears as a well demarcated translucency with a narrow rim and marginal sclerosis. Variations in radiological appearance and the histology and treatment are described. A malignant variant, the "aggressive osteoblastoma", is discussed and one case is described. The classification of these cases is considered.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[X-ray diagnostic concept of spondylodiscitis].

The destructive discovertebral lesions of ankylosing spondylitis are discussed. Their evaluation in the literature is compared with the newer histologic and radiologic results. The X-ray findings in rheumatoid arthritis are also presented. Using radiographs from 16 of our own patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis and 5 with rheumatoid arthritis, we analyze the radiological appearances in question.

Female↗

PubMed1972