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Biomedical subjects

A Kargi

Publications and source records attributed to A Kargi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Bax, bcl-2 and c-kit expression in non-small-cell lung cancer and their effects on prognosis.

In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), stage of the disease is still the most important prognostic factor. Other than stage, many biological markers and many other prognostic factors are studied to define their effects on prognosis of lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expressions of Bax and bcl-2 genes which are important in apoptosis and c-kit, which is a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor, as well as searched their response to treatment modalities and effects on survival. Sixty-nine NSCLC cases' pathological samples were stained with specific Bax, bcl-2 and c-kit dyes by immunohistochemical (IHC) methods. IHC evaluation was done by the semichantitative method according to the distribution and intensity of the staining. Twelve of 69 cases (17.4%) were stage I, 28 (40.5%) were stage II, 17 were (24.6%) stage IIIA, nine cases were (13.1%) stage IIIB and three cases (4.4%) were stage IV patients. Their histological subtypes were as follows: of 69 cases, 36 (52.2%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 28 (40.6%) were adenocarcinoma, five (7.2%) were adenosquamous cell carcinoma (two patients) and large-cell carcinoma (three patients). The positive immunostaining rates for Bax and bcl-2 in whole group, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma groups were 40.6%/36.2%, 55.6/69.4% and 25.0/0.0%, respectively. The positive immune staining rates for c-kit in whole group, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma groups were 7.2, 5.6 and 7.1%, respectively. We didn't find any correlation with Bax, bcl-2 and c-kit expressions and clinicopathological parameters such as age, tumour size, lymph node involvement, smoking, stage of the disease, response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Results are interpreted according to survival; bax and bcl-2 expressions were not so effective both in whole group and histologically subgrouped patients. C-kit expression was also found not related with survival in whole group whereas found as a bad prognostic factor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. These findings could indicate that the expression of apoptotic pathway markers and c-kit may have a role in the prognosis of early stage NSCLC, especially with squamous cell carcinoma subtype.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2003

Aortic ruptured following lung resection in invasive aspergillosis.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, although rare in the general population, can prove to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. In this paper we represent a case of aortic rupture for a fungal invasion of the aorta after a pulmonary resection procedure. Although a few cases are documented in the literature, we report our experience to make our colleagues aware of this complication.

Aortic Rupture↗
PubMed2002

The role of autologous blood injection on postoperative air leak at lung resections.

BACKGROUND: The effects of autologous blood injection beneath the stapling lines on postoperative air leak after lung resections, especially in emphysematous lungs, were prospectively investigated. METHODS: The study was carried out on 16 randomized patients. The mean age of the study group was 58 and the mean forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) at the spirometry was 2.05 L. In the control group, the mean age was 60 and the mean FEV1 was 1.97 L. All 16 cases were males and had a history of smoking. In the study group, 10-20 ml of autologous venous blood was drawn by the anesthesist and transferred to the operation team. The blood was gently injected underneath the staple line and ultimately 1 cm thickened layer of the lung was obtained. In the control group only staplers were applied. RESULTS: There was no air leak at the end of the operation at the study group, whereas additional sutures which were pledgetted with Gore-tex patches were needed at four cases at the control group. There were minimal air leaks at three cases at the control group at the postoperative period, while there was no postoperative air leak problem at the study group. Thorax tubes were removed at the 3rd and the 3.9th days at the study and the control groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We believe this simple and cheap method could be used at least in some instances where additional staple reinforcement would be necessary. It may also be remembered when air leaks are encountered at suture holes after suturing the lung.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Use of technetium-99m HMPAO scintigraphy for the detection of amiodarone lung toxicity in a rabbit model.

Amiodarone (AD) is a very effective anti-arrhythmic drug, but its use is often associated with serious pulmonary complications such as pneumonitis and interstitial pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the amount of amiodarone intake (and the related development of lung toxicity) and the lung uptake of technetium-99m labelled D,L-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO). Eighteen white female New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups and fed AD by gavage at doses of 10 (group A), 50 (group B) or 150 (group C) mg/kg daily. 99mTc-HMPAO scintigraphy was performed at baseline and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of drug intake. Anterior images of 1 min duration were acquired at 30 min after the injection of 37 MBq 99mTc-HMPAO. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on the lungs (L) and the upper limb (B) as the background. L/B ratios were calculated using the mean counts. In groups A and B histopathological evaluation of the lungs of all rabbits was performed at the end of the 4 weeks of AD intake, while in group C it was performed at 2 weeks because of increased mortality. At baseline, mean L/B ratios for groups A, B and C were 2.8 +/- 0.3, 2.8 +/- 0.3 and 2.8 +/- 0.4, respectively. After 3 weeks of AD intake, L/B ratios increased to 4.1 +/- 0.6 and 4.8 +/- 0.6 in groups A and B, respectively. The L/B ratio was 3.6 +/- 0.2 after 1 week of AD intake in group C. The correlation coefficients between the lung uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO and AD doses for groups A, B and C were r = 0.51 (P = 0.037), r = 0.74 (P = 0.0002) and r = 0.96 (P = 0.0001), respectively. Histopathological findings related to AD lung toxicity, such as interstitial pneumonitis and foamy alveolar macrophages, were observed more frequently in groups B and C than in group A. According to our findings, 99mTc-HMPAO lung uptake is correlated with AD dose. 99mTc-HMPAO lung imaging can demonstrate AD-induced lung injury.

Amiodarone↗
PubMed2001

A rare tumor of craniofacial bones in children: a pediatric chondroblastic osteosarcoma case with diagnostic and therapeutic problems.

Osteosarcoma of the cranial facial region is uncommon and only rarely involves the ethmoid or sphenoid bones. The authors report on an unusual case of a 17-year-old male presenting with chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses who remains well and disease-free at 46 months. He was treated with anterior craniofacial resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy to the sight of the primary tumor. He did not receive chemotherapy because of emerging hepatitis-B infection and vasculitis. The literature on extragnathic craniofacial osteosarcomas is reviewed with particular emphasis on treatment options of this rare tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Stereologically estimated mean nuclear volume and histopathologic malignancy grading as predictors of disease extent in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to investigate the value of the architectural grade, cytologic atypia, mitotic counts and stereologically estimated mean nuclear volume in predicting the stage of disease in non-small cell lung carcinomas. Hematoxylin-Eosin-stained sections from 53 non-small cell lung carcinomas were evaluated in terms of the morphologic and morphometric features mentioned above. Mean nuclear volume was estimated stereologically. Operable and inoperable tumor stages were compared concerning the parameters examined. There was no significant difference between operable and inoperable tumor stages in terms of the architectural grade in both squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, although we found a positive correlation between architectural grades and increasing stages in SCC. Significant differences were found concerning atypia, mitosis grades, and the score combining both variables (C2) when comparing operable with inoperable tumor stages in squamous cell carcinomas but not in adenocarcinomas (Chi square, p = 0.013, p = 0.008 and p = 0.008 for squamous cell carcinomas respectively). The mean nuclear volumes of tumor cells in both squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas showed statistically significant differences between operable and inoperable stages (p = 0.05 and 0.02 respectively). We conclude that an assessment of the proliferative activity and the degree of cell atypia, as well as an estimation of mean nuclear volume in conjunction with architectural grade, may contribute to predicting the extent of the disease and outcome, particularly in SCC. On the other hand, only mean nuclear volume appears to be a useful parameter for determining the course of the disease in adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Investigation of p53, c-erbB-2, PCNA immunoreactivity, DNA content, AgNOR and apoptosis in bladder carcinoma as prognostic parameters.

The association between known prognostic variables such as TNM stage, histological grade and mutant p53 tumor suppressor gene product, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, DNA ploidy and cell kinetic data, including mitoses, PCNA expression, AgNOR scores and apoptosis, was investigated in 29 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cases. A positive correlation between the histologic grade and all the studied parameters, except for c-erbB-2 expression, and a positive correlation between the stage and histological grade, DNA ploidy, mitoses, apoptosis and p53 expression were found. The results of this study are in accordance with some of the previous studies, except for apoptosis which had been studied for the first time in TCCs. Although we found a statistically significant correlation between the apoptosis and both tumor stage and histological grade, the predictive value of apoptosis as an independent prognostic factor remains to be established in a larger series.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

End-results of experimental gastroschisis created by abdominal wall versus umbilical cord defect.

An experimental study was conducted to determine the end-results of two different defects on the anterior abdominal wall: an abdominal wall defect (AWD) versus an umbilical cord defect (UCD) using chick embryos. The AWD was created by leaving an intact skin bridge between the defect and the umbilical cord in group 1; the UCD was created on the umbilical cord near the junction of the skin in group 2. At the end of incubation, the intestines appeared hemorrhagic in the AWD group, but not in the UCD group. During microscopic examination, hemorrhagic areas were observed in the bowel wall and mucosal villi in the AWD group but not in the UCD group. The end-result of the defect causing the physiological umbilical hernia resulted in bowel damage resembling the classic picture of gastroschisis (GS). We conclude that the site of the defect in GS is not the abdominal wall itself, but the physiological umbilical hernia.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1996

Neuroendocrine differentiation in non-neuroendocrine thyroid carcinoma.

Specimens from 40 cases of thyroid carcinomas, including 35 papillary, 2 follicular, 2 undifferentiated, and 1 Hurtle cell carcinoma were analyzed for neuroendocrine differentiation with immunohistochemical tests for synapthophysin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin, and calcitonin; all cases were stained for thyroglobulin. Histologically, none of the cases resembled a medullary carcinoma. Twenty-five percent (10 cases) were immunoreactive for one, 30% (12 cases) for two, and 15% (6 cases) for three markers. Three of the cases that were positive for all 3 markers (7.5% of all total) had diffuse strong immunoreactivity. These results demonstrated neuroendocrine differentiation may occur in non-neuroendocrine thyroid tumors and may support the postulation that endodermally derived ultimobronchial stem cells might give rise to C cells as well as follicular cells.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1996

Cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy in the treatment of adult Wilms' tumor.

A 64-year-old man underwent left radical nephrectomy for stage III anaplastic Wilms' tumor. He received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide. Complete clinical response was achieved and maintained for 12 months. A systemic relapse after 1 year also responded to three more cycles of cisplatin and etoposide. Although cisplatin- and etoposide-based chemotherapy was not used as a first-line therapy in adult patients with Wilms' tumor described in the literature, this case demonstrates the promising activity of this combination also in adults with this disease entity.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1995

Amnio-allantoic fluid exchange for the prevention of intestinal damage in gastroschisis: an experimental study on chick embryos.

In gastroschisis, the protruding intestine is usually shortened, thickened, and covered with a fibrous peel. Urine components, which are increased in the amniotic fluid with the onset of renal function, are responsible for these changes. In the chick embryo model of gastroschisis, the authors performed amnio-allantoic fluid exchange to reduce the effect of urinary products. There were three study groups: control, gastroschisis only, and gastroschisis plus exchange. There was a significant decrease in creatinine (P < .05) and a slight decrease in urea concentrations in the gastroschisis-plus-exchange group compared with the gastroschisis-only group. Whereas macroscopic and microscopic studies showed severe fibrosis and bowel-wall thickening in the latter group, the bowel was normal or slightly oedematous in the former. On the basis of this study, the authors suggest that antenatal amniotic fluid exchange might reduce the bowel damage in human foetuses.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1989

The effects of hyperoxia during fulminant sepsis.

Although adequate tissue oxygenation is essential to maintain cellular metabolism, the use of hyperoxia to improve oxygen delivery or to improve metabolic performance is controversial. For example, supplemental inspired oxygen is reportedly beneficial in the treatment of some experimental infections; however, oxygen therapy also has well-documented adverse side effects. To evaluate the effect of increased inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) in animals with fulminant sepsis, 117 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent cecal ligation and puncture. Animals were then exposed to an FIO2 of either 0.21, 0.4, or 0.8. Twenty sham-operated controls had no mortality with any FIO2. Increasing the FIO2 increased mortality from 70% to 85% in animals receiving 40% O2, and to 100% in those receiving 80% O2. Autopsies revealed mild pulmonary oxygen toxicity with 80% O2 exposure in both control and septic animals, but normal lung histologic appearance in animals receiving lower levels of oxygen. Arterial blood gases documented maintenance of oxygenation and ventilation. Thus, pulmonary oxygen toxicity does not appear to be the mechanism for increased mortality. Supplemental oxygen may worsen, rather than improve, survival after fulminant infection.

Acute Disease↗