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Biomedical subjects

A Karimi

Publications and source records attributed to A Karimi.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The relationship between the ultrasonographic diagnosis of innocent amniotic band development and pregnancy outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the importance of amniotic bands diagnosed ultrasonographically and their relationship to pregnancy outcome. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the ultrasonographic records at State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn and Kings County Hospital Center, identifying 25 cases of amniotic band diagnosed during 1986-1990. Cases were compared with 50 controls who had ultrasound evaluation at the same gestational age. Outcomes studied included fetal anomalies, obstetric factors or complications, pregnancy outcome, and maternal factors that may have predisposed to the formation of bands. RESULTS: All cases had unrestricted fetal movement on the index sonogram. No fetal abnormalities were observed in either the case or control series. The groups were not significantly different in terms of maternal risk factors, but significant differences were found for delivery at less than 37 weeks and birth weight less than 2500 g. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonographic diagnosis of an amniotic band in connection with sonographic findings of normal fetal anatomy may be a risk factor for preterm delivery and low birth weight. No association between amniotic band development and fetal anomalies was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Unfolding of an alpha-helix in water.

We describe a 1 ns molecular dynamics simulation of an 18-residue peptide (corresponding to a portion of the H helix of myoglobin) in water. The initial helical conformation progressively frays to a more disordered structure, with the loss of internal secondary structure generally proceeding from the C-terminus toward the N-terminus. Although a variety of mechanisms are involved in the breaking of helical hydrogen bonds, the formation of transient turn structures, with i----i + 3 hydrogen bonds, and bifurcated hydrogen-bond structures intermediate between alpha and turn or 3(10) structures is a common motif. In some cases a single water molecule is inserted into an internal hydrogen bond, but it is also common to have several water molecules involved in transient intermediates. Overall, the results provide new information about the detailed mechanisms by which helices are made and broken in aqueous solution.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of intradermal and intramuscular administration of hepatitis B vaccine in neonates.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its complications are among the most common diseases in Iran. National mass vaccination of neonates against hepatitis B was started in 1991, but was considered a costly venture. AIM: To compare the efficacy of low-dose intradermal HBV recombinant vaccine with standard intramuscular dose in neonates. METHOD: 165 apparently healthy neonates born in Shiraz were randomized to receive either 10 microg [corrected] of recombinant vaccine intramuscularly (IM; n=82) or 2 microg [corrected] vaccine intradermally (ID; n=83) at months 0, 1, 6. Anti-HBs titers were measured at 6 and 18 months after the first dose. RESULTS: 53 and 51 neonates in the IM and ID groups, respectively, completed the study. Protective anti-HBs titers (>10 IU/L) at 18 months after the first dose were achieved in 98.1% and 96.2% of neonates in IM and ID groups, respectively (p=ns). The only side effect in the ID group was local hyperpigmentation, which was seen in 55%; no significant side effect was reported in the IM group. CONCLUSION: Intradermal vaccination with 20% of standard dose is as effective as IM vaccination when evaluated at 18 months after the first dose.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Active case-finding of communicable diseases in the south of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In the Fars province of the Islamic Republic of Iran, we established the Communicable Diseases Committee which determined 24 priority infectious diseases for active reporting. The Committee chose laboratory criteria for diagnosis of the selected diseases, trained reporters and follow-up staff and invited cooperation from heads of private and government laboratories. Cases were identified by the reporting staff and patients were interviewed by the follow-up staff, who also requested patients to complete an epidemiological questionnaire. Results were returned to the district health care centres and to the Committee for data analysis. Case-findings in 16 out of the 24 selected diseases showed an increase of up to 30 times compared to passive case-finding. This was due more to the greater efficiency of the method than to cohort epidemics.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood visceral leishmaniasis complicated by bacterial infections.

Bacterial superinfection is one of the major complications leading to death in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. We studied the frequency and type of bacterial infection in 54 patients admitted to hospital with visceral leishmaniasis. The patients were children who ranged in age from 3 1/2 months to 7 years. Bacterial infections were found in 22 (41%) of the patients. Bacteria were isolated in patients with pneumonia, septicaemia, otitis media, urinary tract infections and skin infections. Enterobacteriaceae were the most common bacterial agents isolated. In infants with visceral leishmaniasis, fatal bacterial infections can be accompanied by nonspecific signs and symptoms. Thus, it is important to initiate antibiotic treatment early.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of antibody to Brucella species in butchers, slaughterers and others.

Brucellosis is being reported with increasing frequency in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Serum antibodies in high-risk and general populations help to define cut-off levels and can be used as a simple and rapid diagnostic tests in infected areas. We performed the rose Bengal test (RBT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) titre determination on 415 healthy individuals including butchers, slaughterers and others. Positive results were found by RBT, SAT titre (1:80) and 2ME titre > or = 1:20 in slaughterers (10%, 20% and 6% respectively), butchers (6%, 4% and 1% respectively) and the general population (1%, 2% and < 1% respectively). A single SAT titre > or = 1:80 in the presence of 2ME titre > or = 1:20 can be diagnostic in this region.

Abattoirs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of measles antibody in children of different ages in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.

An outbreak of measles due to secondary vaccine failure prompted this investigation into the prevalence of measles antibody in children. We studied 608 children in 7 different age groups: 6, 9, 14 and 18 months and 6, 10 and 15 years. Children in the 2 youngest groups received no vaccination; the rest were vaccinated at 9 months and 15 months. The 15-year-old age group received an additional vaccination. Transplacental measles antibody (Ab) decreased from 10.0% at 6 months to 0% at 9 months. Measles Ab was positive in 52.9% (14 months), 89.4% (18 months), 60.8% 96 years), 45.0% (10 years) and 96.8% (15 years). To increase Ab levels, a booster vaccination is recommended, administered either with the second DPT booster or at pre-high school age.

Adolescent↗