Biomedical subjects

A Karpinski

Publications and source records attributed to A Karpinski.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Attitudes and the Implicit Association Test.

Three studies examined the relationship between the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and explicit attitudes. In the 1st and all subsequent studies, the lack of any correlation between the IAT and explicitly measured attitudes supports the view that the IAT is independent from explicit attitudes. Study 2 examined the relationships among the IAT, explicit attitudes, and behavior and found that the explicit attitudes predicted behavior but the IAT did not. Finally, in Study 3 it was found that the IAT was affected by exposing participants to new associations between attitude objects, whereas the explicit attitudes remained unchanged. Taken together, these results support an environmental association interpretation of the IAT in which IAT scores reflect the associations a person has been exposed to in his or her environment rather than the extent to which the person endorses those evaluative associations.

Attitude↗

PubMed1993

Physiologic responses of coronary care patients to visiting.

The authors examined physiologic changes in myocardial infarction patients during a family visit in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) and the relationship of these changes to illness variables, patient preference for visits, and patients' perceptions of the supportiveness of the visit. Forty-eight patients were studied for changes in heart rate, blood pressure, ST segment, and oxygen saturation. Patients who had the greatest physiologic changes were among those who had had more severe infarcts. However, many patients in the severe category did not show such changes. Examination of the reactive group revealed that, in addition to having more severe infarcts, it included a greater percentage of smokers than did the nonreactive group. Visit preferences were relatively low, but as visit preferences increased, so did cardiovascular changes. Supportiveness scores were quite high, and these were positively correlated with cardiovascular changes. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Quantitative light and electron microscopic changes in thymic reticular epithelial cells during Moloney-virus-induced lymphoma development.

This report describes two types of reticular epithelial cell in the thymic cortex of the BALB/c mouse, an immature and a mature form. During early stages of lymphoma development, i.e., 2-6 weeks postinfection (p.i.) with Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV), activation of the epithelial cells is observed. Although the percentage of these cells in the total cell population of the thymic cortex remains constant during that time, the number of mature epithelial cells is significantly increased in infected animals. Subsequently, about 6 weeks p.i., the number of immature epithelial cells starts to increase, whereas the number of mature reticular epithelial cells declines and the appearance of the mature epithelial cells changes drastically. The results of light and electron microscopic studies indicate degeneration of the mature reticular epithelial cells at the onset of lymphoma development at a time when the first deficiencies in the immunologic competence of the reticular epithelial cells are apparent.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Differentiation block of prethymic lymphocytes during Moloney-virus-induced lymphoma development associated with a thymic epithelial defect.

Previous cytokinetic studies in Moloney-virus (M-MuLV)-induced lymphomas of BALB/c mice showed an intrathymic maturation block of prethymic lymphocytes derived from hematopoietic tissues. Thymus-cell cultures during the latent period of lymphoma development showed a proportion of nonlymphoid cells (NLC) from uninfected mice of 0.1% (3 days) to 0.002% (20 days), rising in infected mice to 1-2% after 5 weeks. Concomitantly, thymic epithelial cells exhibit progressive degenerative changes in vivo in infected mice with virus replication and in vitro a marked cellular polymorphism with nuclear atypia becomes overt. Immunofluorescence studies of thymopoietin II and serum thymus factor in epithelial cells indicate a marked decrease of these hormones in the epithelial cells from infected mice. These results suggest a functional defect of virus-infected thymic epithelial cells which causes a progressive accumulation of nondifferentiating T-cell precursors.

Animals↗