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Biomedical subjects

A Kashiwagi

Publications and source records attributed to A Kashiwagi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Increased plasma post-heparin diamine oxidase activity and plant sterol levels in streptozotocin diabetic rat.

Plasma post-heparin diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and plasma levels of plant sterols were examined in streptozotocin diabetic rats fed with chow containing plant sterols, to investigate the enzyme activity in relation to the morphological changes of small intestine as well as sterol absorption in the diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed increased small intestinal mass and surface area compared with control rats. Plasma post-heparin DAO activity and plant sterol level were also increased more than 2.5-fold in the diabetic rats. Insulin treatment improved these abnormalities. Plasma DAO activity correlated to both the small intestinal hyperplastic change and plasma plant sterol levels. These results indicate that plasma post-heparin DAO activity may be used as a marker of intestinal hypertrophy as well as ability to absorb dietary sterols.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1992

Increase in cardiac muscle fructose content in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

To evaluate the activation of the sorbitol pathway in cardiac muscle in diabetic rats, we measured sorbitol, fructose, and myo-inositol content in cardiac tissue obtained from control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats, with or without an 8-week insulin treatment, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Cardiac fructose and sorbitol content in 10-week diabetic rats increased by 60-fold and 3.9-fold of those of control rats, respectively (P less than .001). In contrast, cardiac myo-inositol content in 10-week diabetic rats decreased to 56% (P less than .025) of the control value. The abnormalities in cardiac fructose, sorbitol, and myo-inositol content were completely normalized by the 8-week insulin treatment, which was initiated 2 weeks after the induction of diabetes. There was no difference in cardiac aldose reductase activity between control and diabetic rats. However, cardiac sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in diabetic rats was 151% (P less than .005) higher than that of control rats, although hepatic sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was not different between the two groups. These results indicate that the sorbitol pathway is significantly activated in cardiac tissue obtained from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, which results in the marked cardiac accumulation of fructose.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1992

Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in experimental insulinopenic diabetic monkeys.

Chronic insulinopenic diabetes was induced by i.v. streptozotocin in the non-human primate Macaca fuscata. Five diabetic monkeys were kept for 8-19 months and nine for 24-48 months without any insulin treatment. Hyperglycemia (241 +/- 22 mg/dl, M +/- SE less than or equal to 1 year) progressed to 376 +/- 34 mg/dl (greater than 2 years) and ketosis to 3.5 mM (greater than 2 years) during the course of diabetes; this was roughly inversely proportional to hypoinsulinemia (3.4 microU/ml, 2 years). Serum cholesterol increased from 184 +/- 11 (less than or equal to 1 year) to 328 +/- 66 mg/dl (greater than 2 years) with the major increase in LDL-cholesterol (2.7-fold over control, greater than 2 years). HDL-cholesterol did not change at all throughout the experimental period. TG increased from 144 +/- 25 (less than or equal to 1 year) to 676 +/- 116 (greater than 2 years) with a major increase in the VLDL fraction (15-fold over control, greater than 2 years). Serum levels of apo B increased to 141 +/- 16 (less than or equal to 2 years) and 223 +/- 8 mg/dl (greater than 2 years) in contrast to control, 73 +/- 2. Morphologically, lipid deposition in the intima and fatty streaks have been observed in the abdominal aorta of all the diabetic monkeys with duration of more than 2 years. In six of the diabetic monkeys atheromatous changes such as intimal and medial thickening with smooth muscle cell proliferation were observed with foam cell formation. Similar atherosclerotic lesions were observed in renal and coronary arteries in at least six of these monkeys. In diabetic monkeys with duration of less than 2 years, mild atherosclerotic lesions were observed in two out of five. The results indicate that long standing insulinopenia leads to metabolic derangements characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia and hyperlipidemia. Elevation of LDL-cholesterol and VLDL TG with an increase of apo B is a characteristic of lipoprotein disorder. Morphologically, early to moderately advanced lesions of atherosclerosis were observed in aorta, renal and coronary arteries as a result of metabolic derangement due to insulin deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Abnormalities in cardiac alpha 1-adrenoceptor and its signal transduction in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

To investigate a mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy, we examined an alteration of cardiac alpha 1-adrenoceptor (alpha 1-AR) signaling in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In diabetes, the cell surface alpha 1-AR concentration on isolated cardiac myocytes decreased by 45% without any change in the dissociation constant, and, moreover, norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated ventricular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production was also decreased by 34%. In contrast, basal ventricular protein kinase C (PKC) activity was elevated in both cytosolic (by 98%) and membrane (by 41%) fractions in diabetes. All of these abnormalities seen in diabetes were reversed by chronic insulin treatment. Rapid activation of PKC by phorbol ester in the normal rat heart revealed decreases in both receptor number (by 19%) and NE-stimulated IP3 production (by 21%). These results indicate that the impairment of cardiac alpha 1-AR signaling is closely associated with the diabetic state and may be linked, at least in part, with the abnormal activation of cardiac PKC.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in adult testicular germ cell tumors].

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was carried out in 54 patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) experienced at our hospital, to evaluate the clinical relevance of DNA index (DI) and provide some insight into the pathogenesis of testicular GCTs. Histological types with their incidences were seminomas in 31 patients and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) in 23 adults. DNA ploidy and DI were analyzed by flow cytometry in 158 paraffin embedded samples; 2.9 samples per case on the average. This study revealed that 52 cases (96%) of evaluable 54 adult GCTs were DNA aneuploid, while DNA diploid tumors were observed in only each one case of NSGCT and seminoma. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.01) between the distribution of DIs in adult NSGCTs (median DI = 1.50) and that in pure seminomas (median DI = 1.85). Although we found no significant correlation between DI and clinical staging of Japanese Urological Association, on the basis of Indiana University staging system, the median DI in NSGCT patients of the advanced extent was lower than those of the other extents. DNA heterogeneity was observed only in 4 of 23 NSGCT patients (17%) and 3 of those 4 patients were assigned to advanced extent. These data suggest that the lower DI and the presence of DNA heterogeneity may have prognostic relevance for NSGCTs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content in the urinary bladder cancers treated by radical cystectomy and pre-operative irradiation].

The DNA ploidy of bladder cancers treated by radical cystectomy following pre-operative irradiation was analyzed by flow cytometry using paraffin embedded samples. The DNA ploidy and its changes by irradiation were studied. We used flow cytometry in 30 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who received pre-operative irradiation (40 Gy in 24 patients, 20 Gy in 5 patients and 60 Gy in one) with follow-up for at least 3 years. Total 140 paraffin embedded samples (4.6 samples per one patient) were available. The effects of therapy were related to the DNA patterns before irradiation and to the DNA ploidy changes after irradiation. 1. Eight DNA diploid tumors and twenty-two DNA aneuploid ones were detected before irradiation. Although diploid group didn't change its DNA ploidy after irradiation, of 22 aneuploid tumors 18 were changed to DNA diploid and 4 were not changed in their ploidy. 2. The tumor eradicating effect of irradiation was shown to be higher (p < 0.05) in the diploid group (5 of 8, 63%) than in the aneuploid group (5 of 22, 23%). 3. Overall survival rates were discussed in 3 groups (A, B and C), the group A was 10 of tumor free and 3 diploid tumors after irradiation, the group B was 13 of aneuploid tumors which changed to diploid ones and the group C was 4 of persistent aneuploid tumors. Each of 5 year survival rate was 100% (A), 58% (B) and 0% (C). Overall survival for C group was significantly shorter than for other groups (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Undiversion in a patient with ileal conduit using cecoileal urinary reservoir, a case report].

A case of urinary undiversion in a 19 year old man with high ileal loop, who at the age of 1 year was inadvertently cystectomized for probable acute urinary retention masquerading as acute abdomen, is reported. The ileo-ceco-colonic segment was isolated and the colon was partially detubularized. After ileocecal intussusception and stabilization to the cecal wall (Hendren), a segment of ileal patch was applied to form an Indiana type pouch. The ileal loop was free from the abdominal wall and its distal end was anastomosed to the terminal ileum of the pouch. Undiversion was completed by connecting the pouch at its dependent portion with the remnant prostatic urethra. At 4 months postoperatively the pouch functions quite satisfactorily as a low pressure and good volume reservoir that empties well without reflux. His erectile and ejaculatory function have also been maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on nuclear DNA content in testicular germ cell tumors using flow cytometry].

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was done in 76 patients of testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) experienced in our clinic for evaluating the clinical relevance of DNA index (DI), clarifying those biological features and shedding some insights in the pathogenesis of testicular GCTs. Histological type and its incidences were seminomas in 35 adults, nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) in 24 adults and prepubertal germ cell tumors (P-GCT) in 17 boys (9 in yolk sac tumors and 8 in teratomas). Totally 190 samples of paraffin embedded materials (with a mean of 2.5 samples per case) were histologically reconfirmed and employed the flow cytometry analysis with some modification of the Hedley's technique for analyzing the DNA ploidy and DIs. Coefficient of variation (CV) were acceptably ranged from 3 to 10%. In 58 evaluable cases with adult GCTs, 57 (98%) were revealed as DNA aneuploid, while DNA diploid tumor were observed in only one case with NSGCT. On the other hand, all specimens showed DNA euploid in P-GCT; DNA diploid in all teratomas and 6 yolk sac tumors, DNA tetraploid in other 3 yolk sac tumors. DNA aneuploid pattern was not apparently detected in children. Even in one adult case with pure yolk sac tumor and two adults with mature teratomas, all specimens were classified as DNA aneuploid. These results support the present hypothesis that the pathogenesis of P-GCTs is different from that of adult GCTs. DIs in adult NSGCTs (median DI = 1.56) are significantly lower than those in adult pure seminomas (median DI = 1.85) (p < 0.01). Although there was no significant correlation among the DIs in NSGCTs and the clinical staging of Japanese Urological Association, the distribution of DIs in NSGCT patients of the advanced extent were lower than that of the other extents of NSGCTs on the basis of Indiana University staging system (p < 0.05). In general, it has been postulated that the higher DI is paralleled to the more malignant nature of neoplasms. Nevertheless, this study conversely suggested that the lower DI in adult testicular GCTs is apt to related with high malignant potential determined by histological type and clinical stage. DNA heterogeneity was observed only in 4 of 23 cases with adult NSGCTs (17%), but 3 of these 4 cases (75%) with DNA heterogeneity were assigned as the advanced extent. These data suggest that the lower DI and the presence of DNA heterogeneity may have prognostic relevance for adult NSGCTs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Chronic fatigue syndrome, a case of high anti-HHV-6 antibody titer and one associated with primary hyperaldosteronism].

Two cases of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were reported which were suggestive for the study of the etiology and a cure for CFS. Case 1: A 31-year-old woman was admitted for chronic fatigue syndrome. Examination revealed a high titer of anti HHV-6 antigen of x2560 and an increased percentage of suppressor T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. HHV-6 was speculated to be reactivated and stimulating the immune system in CFS. Case 2: A 46-year-old woman suffering from CFS had been in remission for 6 years. She was admitted for hypertension associated with right adrenal adenoma and hyperaldosteronism. After right adrenalectomy, there was a recurrence of high fever and other CFS symptoms. It was suggested that CFS symptoms may be ameliorated by aldosterone.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1991

Effect of verapamil on cardiac protein kinase C activity in diabetic rats.

We examined the effect of verapamil treatment on cardiac protein kinase C (PKC) activity in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Basal cardiac PKC activity in diabetes increased in both cytosolic (by 94%, P less than 0.01) and membrane (by 41%, P less than 0.05) fractions as compared with that in controls. Subcutaneous administration of 8 mg/kg verapamil twice a day for 8 weeks induced a significant decrease in both cytosolic (by 59%, P less than 0.01) and membrane (by 50%, P less than 0.01) PKC activity in diabetes as compared with the activity in the non-treated diabetic groups. In contrast, cardiac cytosolic PKC activity in control rats was significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased by 41% as compared with that of the non-treated control group without there being any change in membrane PKC activity. Our data demonstrate that verapamil treatment may ameliorate the abnormal activation of cardiac PKC in diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

In vitro stimulation of glucose utilization by insulin in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.

The effect of glucose concentration and insulin on glucose incorporation was studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The rate of glucose incorporation into hepatocytes was proportional to the medium glucose concentration from 100 to 800 mg/dl. At 800 mg/dl glucose the rate reached a plateau. Of the glucose taken up by hepatocytes, 16 and 18% was incorporated into glycogen and lipid, respectively, and 58% into the nucleotide fraction after incubation for 4 h. In the medium, lactate was the major product found. Insulin stimulates glucose incorporation by 20-112% into all the above pathways at glucose concentrations between 100 and 800 mg/dl. The insulin effect was noted as early as 2-4 h (early effect) and up to 24 h (delayed effect). This effect of insulin was observed to be dose dependent from 5 to 200 ng/ml insulin. While the delayed insulin effect was abolished by cycloheximide, the early effect of insulin was not affected. With respect to the key enzyme activities of glucose utilization, activation of glycogen synthase (increase of I-activity/total activity) and pyruvate kinase (activation at 0.2 mM phosphoenolpyruvate) was noted 4 h after insulin addition, and these effects were not abolished by cycloheximide. These two enzymes increased in total activity after 24 h. Both glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities increased by 30-35% and 65-93% at 4 and 24 h, respectively. The results indicate that hepatocytes directly utilize glucose in a dose-dependent manner with respect to glucose and insulin. A major early and delayed effect of insulin appeared due to the activation and induction of the key hepatic enzymes of glucose utilization, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the measurement of plasma fructosamine concentration in aged subjects].

Recently, plasma fructosamine concentration has been used as an indication of mean plasma glucose level preceding at last 1 to 2 weeks. In the present study, to characterize the clinical significance and problems of plasma fructosamine concentration in aged subjects (greater than or equal to 65 yrs), we determined plasma fructosamine concentration as well as serum albumin, total protein, HbA1, AbA1c and fasting plasma glucose concentrations in 81 (less than 65 yrs) non-diabetic subjects (group A), 161 aged (greater than or equal to 65 yrs) non-diabetic subjects and 26 aged diabetics (group D). Aged non-diabetic subjects were further classified into 75 subjects with good ADL (group B) and 86 with poor ADL (group C). The normal limit of plasma fructosamine concentration (mean +/- 2SD) in group A was 24% higher (3.1 mmol/l) than that in group B (2.5 mmol/l) but the plasma fructosamine/serum albumin ratio (F/ALB) was similar in these two groups. Plasma fructosamine correlated negatively (p less than 0.01) with age. This aging effect was explained by the reduced serum albumin in aged subjects. However, in group C, reduced plasma albumin was not associated with reduced plasma fructosamine. Plasma fructosamine corrected by albumin (F/ALB) is a useful parameter of blood glucose control in aged subjects. In aged subjects with poor ADL, HbA1, HbA1c and plasma glucose should be determined with fructosamine.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Early experience with an ileocolic bladder substitution (Mainz pouch) in 11 cases].

In the last decade, many continent urinary diversions have been developed for the cystectomy patients. Mainz pouch, which seems to be a sophisticated one without using an alloplastic prosthesis, was adopted in our clinic. We preliminarily report our result in 11 patients who underwent a Mainz pouch procedure in the last 2 years: 1 for bladder augmentation, 5 for total bladder substitution after cystoprostatectomy and 5 (including 2 females) for continent urinary diversion. The mean age of them was 54 years old and the follow up periods ranged from 6 to 24 months. The antimesenteric longitudinal incision of the ileum and cecum and their sutures were performed similarly to the usual detubularized intestinal pouch. The ureteral reimplantation to the colonic segment was accomplished by the submucosal tunnel method. Although the ureteral hiatus was initially positioned at the anal edge of the colon, a new hiatal creation by stabbing the more oral portion of the colon according to the Goodwin's ureterocolic anastomosis was subsequently employed to avoid the trouble of closure of this portion. When the urethral anastomosis was achieved by 4-5 interrupted sutures between the most dependent portion of the cecum and the urethral stump after cystoprostatectomy, the mucosa was everted to the colonic serosa to prevent the stricture. The continent stoma was created by an intussusception of the proximal ileum, which was stabilized by the seromuscular stripping and 2-3 rows of external metal staples. Complication of the alimentary system occurred in 6 of 11 cases (55%), though they were successfully treated by an appropriate conservative management except one who suffered an ileostomy and nephrostomy because of severe panperitonitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in testicular seminomas--correlation to mitotic count].

The DNA ploidy of testicular seminomas was studied by flow cytometry using paraffin embedded samples. The mitotic count and DNA index (DI) for 27 seminomas were analyzed in 80 samples with a mean of 3.0 samples per case. Six anaplastic seminomas which were with 3 or more mitoses per a high power field were distinguished from 21 typical seminomas. DNA ploidy pattern was aneuploid in all seminomas except one case of anaplastic seminoma, and clonal heterogeneity in DNA content was found in 3 of 20 (15%) cases of which 2 or more samples were analyzed. Although the DI had no significant difference between those two groups of seminomas classified by mitotic count, the DI in anaplastic seminomas was ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 (median DI = 1.70), otherwise the DI in typical seminomas ranged from 1.5 to 3.5 (median DI = 1.89), particularly 9 cases in 21 (43%) typical seminomas distributed in hypertetraploid region. The median DI of stage I seminomas was 1.88 and that of stages II + III seminomas was 1.75, though there was also no significant correlation between DI and clinical stages. In general, it is postulated that the higher DI is paralleled to the more malignant nature of neoplasms, nevertheless this study suggested that the higher DI in seminomas is not always related to high malignant potentiality determined by histological type and clinical stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Renal-sparing procedures in the management of renal arteriovenous fistula].

Five cases of renal arteriovenous fistula which were treated by renal-sparing procedures are reported. Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed in three cases of circoid type arteriovenous fistula. Gross hematuria stopped immediately after the treatment in these three cases. Another two patients, whose arteriovenous fistula were aneurysmal type, were treated by ligation of the feeding artery. Although there were no symptoms after the surgery, the follow-up renal arteriography revealed the residue of a small amount of arteriovenous fistula in one of the aneurysmal type cases. We suggest that the renal arteriovenous fistula be classified into circoid type and aneurysmal type in the diagnosis for the appropriate treatment of renal arteriovenous fistula. It is important to select the renal-sparing procedure according to the type of renal arteriovenous fistula.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Hypoglycemic coma].

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Administration, Oral↗