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Biomedical subjects

A Kasperczyk

Publications and source records attributed to A Kasperczyk.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in synovial fluid of patients with primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the knee joint.

OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA) is a common, age-related, joint disorder associated with loss of articular cartilage, osteophyte formation, sub-chodral bone change and synovitis. Recent studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may participate in the initiation and progression of KOA. This study examines potential changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, both isoenzymes zinc-copper superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase) and glutathione transformation enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase) in synovial fluid of KOA patients, and estimates their relationship to the degree of lipid peroxidation in synovial fluid evaluated by malondialdehyde concentration, synovial fluid viscosity, type and duration of KOA. DESIGN: Synovial fluid samples obtained by transdermal arthrocentesis from 41 patients with KOA (23 had primary KOA and 18 had secondary KOA) and 22 control subjects were analyzed. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were analysed with the use of kinetic method, MDA concentration was measured fluorometrically by the Ohkawa method, and synovial fluid viscosity was measured using a cone-late viscometer Brookfield DV-II+ and a test by Ropes. RESULTS: Patients with KOA had significantly increased activities of all enzymes when compared to the control subjects for both KOA subgroups. The synovial fluid viscosity was significantly decreased and the synovial fluid test by Ropes was abnormal in KOA patients, mainly in the secondary KOA subgroup. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes were significantly negatively correlated with synovial fluid viscosity and duration of KOA. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with KOA display abnormal antioxidant status of synovial fluid with increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased synovial fluid viscosity. Furthermore, synovial fluid viscosity, and activity of GR can be used to distinguish the primary from the secondary type of KOA.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Metabolic and antioxidative changes in liver steatosis induced by high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet in rabbits.

Significantly decreased amounts of carbohydrates and increase of fat in diet (Atkins' diet, Jan Kwaśniewski's diet) may interfere with liver metabolism because main source of liver energy are carbohydrates. Large amount of fatty acid in diet may induce overproduction of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria because of increased oxidation and may cause steatosis. The influence of high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (contained 14 g% protein, 25 g% fat, 8 g% carbohydrate) and compared to usual habitual diet (13 g% protein, 3 g% fat, 28 g% carbohydrate) as a control on liver function was examined in adult male rabbits. Fodder and water was ad libitum. The experiment lasted 24 weeks. At the beginning and every six weeks rabbits were weighed and blood was taken. Plasma glucose and cholesterol concentration, activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine and aspartate in plasma and liver did not change. Concentrations of triacylglycerols (TG) in plasma were lower in the study group. Activity of aldolase increased in plasma and in liver in the study group while activity of sorbite dehydrogenase decreased in plasma at the end of the experiment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased in aorta with no changes in liver and erythrocytes. Activity of glutathione peroxidase increased in erythrocytes and liver while total SOD increased only in the liver. High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet despite the lack of growth of the body mass, modifies significantly the homeostasis of carbohydrates and antioxidants in liver and enhanced production of TG in this organ, resulting in its steatosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Pustulotic arthroosteitis: spectrum of bone lesions with palmoplantar pustulosis.

PURPOSE: To discuss the association of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) with sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis (SCCH) and other infection- or tumor-simulating bone lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1989 to 1992, 25 patients (11 men and 14 women, aged 19-69 years [mean, 42 years]) with pustulotic arthroosteitis (PAO) and SCCH were seen. Findings were accumulated to determine the concomitant findings of other bone lesions. RESULTS: Thirteen patients with skeletal lesions had proved PPP. Eleven of these patients also had SCCH, four had sacroiliitis, six had spondylitis, and six had tumorlike manifestations in the appendicular skeleton. In another 12 patients with SCCH, none had proved PPP but four had psoriasis. Fifteen of 25 patients with SCCH had skin disease. Seven of the 25 patients had only one site of bone involvement (six had SCCH and one had spondylitis); all other patients (including the six with tumor-simulating extraaxial lesions) had more than one skeletal site of bone involvement. CONCLUSION: Because radiologists play the key role in the diagnosis of PAO, awareness of the possibility of benign disease is necessary to obviate certain diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The HRAS1 gene cluster: two upstream regions recognizing transcripts and a third encoding a gene with a leucine zipper domain.

We have cloned and characterized a 55-kb region of DNA surrounding HRAS1. It contains a cluster of two, and possibly three, genes associated with CpG islands within the 32 kb immediately upstream of HRAS1. We have sequenced cDNAs representing one of these genes, provisionally designated HRC1. The locus, which is located 29 kb upstream of HRAS1, is divergently transcribed. HRC1 cDNA probe recognizes fragments on Southern blots of DNA from other vertebrate species. In human DNA, multiple homologous fragments are detected in addition to the predicted ones containing HRC1. Therefore, this locus may represent a member of an evolutionarily conserved gene family. HRC1 expression is upregulated with HRAS1 in the EJ bladder carcinoma cell line, suggesting the possibility of coordinate regulation. The deduced translational product of the longest open reading frame (1119 nucleotides, 373 amino acids) predicts a protein with regions rich in glutamine and proline and a region similar to the helix-loop-helix motif adjacent to a carboxy-terminal leucine zipper dimerization motif with four heptad repeats. Alternate splicing of terminal exons occurs, resulting in the truncation of one proline-rich domain and preservation of the leucine zipper. Thus, a biologically important region of chromosome 11p consists of a gene cluster. At least one of these genes, in addition to HRAS1, may be involved in regulation of cell growth or differentiation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[The comparative measurement of the bone marrow dose in quantitative computed tomography (QCT), dual-photon radiography (DPX) and conventional x-rays of the LS].

One of the issues in the discussion on the best method for measuring the bone mineral content is the relevance of the applied dose. We used highly sensitive thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) to directly compare bone marrow doses in a human phantom. DPX gave a bone marrow dose in the lumbar spine of 4 mu Gy, in QCT the dose corrected to the same amount of irradiated marrow was about 1 mGy. This value is in the same range as conventional a.p. plus lateral view x-rays of the lumbar spine. Corrected to the total body dose, the QCT dose is as low as 10% of the yearly background irradiation. It should therefore be radiobiologically irrelevant.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1990

[Tumor-like bone lesions in sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis and palmoplantaris pustulosis].

We present two unusual cases of sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis (SCCH) in conjunction with palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) and additional tumour like manifestations in a scapula and a femur respectively. The association of SCCH with complexes of signs and symptoms such as chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), or other nosological entities such as seronegative spondylarthropathies, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Minisatellite allele diversification: the origin of rare alleles at the HRAS1 locus.

Three genetic markers within the promoter-exon 1 region of the HRAS1 locus have been employed to investigate lineage relationships among alleles of the highly polymorphic variable tandem repeat (VTR) immediately downstream of the HRAS1 gene. These markers were in absolute linkage disequilibrium with the HRAS1 VTR, allowing the assignment of unique upstream haplotypes to each of the four common VTR alleles. Analysis of 17 rare alleles revealed a stratification of allele fragment size and upstream haplotype in which each rare VTR allele possessed the markers characteristic of the common allele nearest in size. Therefore, hyperallelism emanated from the four common alleles in a defined fashion, the size of a rare allele specifying its origin. As discussed below, this result implies that unequal crossing-over between homologues is unlikely to be the predominant mechanism for generating new VTR alleles at this minisatellite locus.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Allele-specific deletion in exon I of the HRAS1 gene.

We have detected a 6-bp deletion in the untranslated first exon of a unique HRAS1 gene cloned from lymphocyte DNA of a familial melanoma patient. The deletion is without apparent functional consequence. Using an RNase protection assay, we have demonstrated the deletion in leukocyte DNAs of individuals unrelated to the patient. In these cases, the deletion marker is specifically associated with one class of common HRAS1 allele, thereby establishing the origin of the unique allele. We discuss the means by which DNA sequence heterogeneity at other loci may be rapidly analyzed.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The "bull horn sign"--scintigraphic pattern in sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis and pustular arthro-osteitis].

27 patients with sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis (SCC) and/or pustulotic arthroosteitis (PAO) were examined with whole body scintigraphy, conventional radiography, and other imaging modalities, such as CT, MRI. 25 of 27 patients with SCCH showed a characteristic high bullhorn-like uptake of the sternocostoclavicular region with the manubrium sterni representing the skull and the inflamed sternocostoclavicular joints corresponding to the horns (= bullhorn-sign). Scintigraphy revealed additional skeletal manifestations (spondylitis, sacroilitis, osteitis, periostitis) in 19 of the 27 patients with SCCH and/ or PAO. In combination with PPP or psoriasis pustulosa, the typical scintigraphic bullhorn pattern enables the diagnosis of PAO (19 patients) with high confidence. Patients with SCCH but without skin disease at the time of presentation (8 of 27 patients) may develop PPP later and, therefore, it is justified to classify them as incomplete PAO with high risk to develop other skeletal manifestations later in the course of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The changes of alpha-amylase activity in serum and different tissues of female rat during sex cycle--isoelectrofocusing studies of alpha-amylase.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that hormonal changes may influence alpha-amylase activity during sex cycle. The aim of this study was to evaluate these changes in serum and different tissues during sex cycle in female rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The animals were assigned to proestrus, estrus, and diestrus groups depending on vaginal smears. We measured the activities of alpha-amylase in the serum, liver, salivary glands, pancreas and ovary of female rats, serum level of calcium, rat luteinising hormone (rLH) and rat follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH). The serum and tissue amylases were also characterized by wide-range polyacrylamide gel isoelectrofocusing. RESULTS: Statistically significant changes of alpha-amylase activity were found only in the ovary. The activity of alpha-amylase raised from proestrus (mean 303 +/- 124 IU/g) through estrus (mean 157 +/- 123 IU/g) and declined in diestrus (mean 81.9 +/- 51.6 IU/g). There were no statistically significant changes in the serum, liver, salivary glands and pancreas. We found two isoenzymes of alpha-amylase: one peak of amylase, present in the serum, liver, salivary gland and ovary with the mean isoelectric point of ca 5.34 and another present in ovary and pancreas with mean isoelectric point of ca 8.32. The only tissue found to contain both isoamylases was the ovary. We did not find any correlation between serum calcium level and alpha-amylase activity in the serum and ovary. CONCLUSION: The pattern of changes of alpha-amylase activity does not depend on the type of isoamylase in the tissue, but probably on the tissue influenced by the sex cycle. The changes of alpha-amylase activity are not mediated by calcium, they seem to result primarily from the profile of sex hormones affecting directly the target tissues.

Animals↗