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A Kataura

Publications and source records attributed to A Kataura.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The prognostic value of Ki-67 antigen in non-Hodgkin lymphoma of Waldeyer ring and the nasal cavity.

BACKGROUND: A monoclonal antibody, Ki-67, recognizes an antigen expressed in all phases of the cell cycle, except G0, and can be used as a simple histologic marker of cell proliferation. To assess the prognostic value of the growth fraction in non-Hodgkin lymphoma of Waldeyer ring (W-NHL) and the nasal cavity (N-NHL), the authors applied Ki-67 immunostaining combined with image analysis on such lymphomas. METHODS: The authors studied 29 patients (18 with W-NHL and 11 with N-NHL), applying Ki-67 to frozen sections. The number of Ki-67-positive cells in a unit area (0.044 mm2), as an indicator of proliferative activity, and the mean area per Ki-67-positive cell (microns2), as an indicator of DNA content, were measured by the image processing system. RESULTS: High-grade lymphomas showed a significantly larger number of Ki-67-positive cells than intermediate-grade lymphomas (102.5 +/- 21.6 in high-grade and 46.8 +/- 8.92 in intermediate-grade lymphomas, P = 0.03), even when analyzed separately by immunophenotypes. A large mean area per Ki-67-positive cell was associated significantly with a T-cell phenotype (36.3 +/- 7.69 microns2 in T-cell lymphomas and 19.4 +/- 2.33 microns2 in B-cell lymphomas, P = 0.034) and an unfavorable clinical outcome. High proliferative activity, defined as nuclear Ki-67 expression in 2000 or more B-cell lymphoma cells and 1000 or more T-cell lymphoma cells in a 1-mm2 area, was found to be a strong predictor of poor survival among these patients (P = 0.048 and P = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Ki-67 immunostaining, combined with image analysis, is a novel method for determining a tumor proliferative index that provides useful clinical data regarding head and neck lymphomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Lethal midline granuloma (peripheral T-cell lymphoma) after lymphomatoid papulosis.

A Japanese woman with an 8-year history of lymphomatoid papulosis (LP) had lethal midline granuloma (LMG) develop at the age of 51 years. There were histologic similarities between LP and LMG seen in this patient. Surface phenotypic studies on nasal and cutaneous lesions demonstrated a population of T-cells expressing CD2, CD4, CD25, CD30, and histocompatibility antigen-DR (HLA-DR). Genotypic analyses of nasal and skin biopsy specimens disclosed a clonal rearrangement of the beta T-cell receptor gene with the same rearrangement pattern. These data indicate that this patient had LMG characterized by clonal peripheral T-cell lymphoma, which probably resulted from progression of the LP.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Inhibitory effects of azelastine on nasal allergic responses in sensitized guinea pigs.

The in vivo effects of the antiallergic drug azelastine were investigated in sensitized guinea pigs. Topical administration of antigen into the nasal cavity produced an increase in nasal vascular permeability together with an increase in both the histamine and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) concentrations of nasal lavage fluid. Pre-treatment with azelastine significantly inhibited both the LTC4 release and the increase in nasal vascular permeability. These results suggest that azelastine inhibits the release of antigen-induced leukotrienes and increases nasal vascular permeability in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Presence of an 80 kilodalton protein, cross-reacted with monoclonal antibodies to pulmonary surfactant protein A, in the human middle ear.

We report the presence of a middle ear protein that has the same epitope as human surfactant protein A. Monoclonal antibodies (PC-6 and PE-10) against human pulmonary surfactant protein A stained faint granules of the mucosal epithelial cell cytoplasm in the orifice of the eustachian tube immunohistochemically. These antibodies also reacted with middle ear effusion of patients with otitis media with effusion by dot immunoassay, and recognized an 80 kd protein by Western blot analysis. These findings indicate that a protein immunoreactive with PC-6 and PE-10 occurs in the mucosal epithelial cells of the middle ear, and is also present in middle ear effusion. It is therefore likely that this 80 kd protein might be secreted from the mucosal epithelial cells to the middle ear cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Immunologic characteristics of cytokines in otitis media with effusion.

Levels of cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were investigated in samples of the middle ear effusions (MEEs) from 144 ears with otitis media with effusion (OME) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by cytologic analysis. Middle ear effusions of the acute purulent type contained a significantly higher concentration of cytokines compared with normal control sera (p < .001). Cytokines were observed at lower levels in MEE in adults than in children. Tests of children at the chronic stage of MEE showed higher levels of TNF than IL-1 and GM-CSF. Meanwhile, IL-1 beta showed significantly higher concentrations in acute purulent types than in serous and mucoid types (p < .01). In cytologic analysis, the mean level of IL-1 beta was significantly higher in the neutrophil-rich group than in other groups (p < .05). Cytokines possess several biologic properties, some of which are associated not only with acute otitis media but also with chronic otitis media. This study showed that cytokines, especially IL-1 beta, contribute to infiltration into the middle ear by inflammatory cells. This implies that the persistent presence of cytokines in MEE could be a factor in prolonged OME.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Distribution of lymphoid cells in tonsillar compartments in relation to infection and age. A quantitative study using image analysis.

The distribution of lymphoid cells in the mantle zone, germinal center, interfollicular area, and subepithelial area of the tonsil was evaluated quantitatively by image analysis in 66 subjects aged 3 to 66 years. The number of Ig-positive cells in the tonsil decreased with advancing years in all compartments. This inverse correlation to age was statistically significant for IgD-, IgM-, and IgG-positive cells. For T-cells, overall change of each T-cell subset with age was smaller than those of Ig-positive cells. An age-related marked decline was seen for CD4-positive cells only in the subepithelial area and for CD8-positive cells only in the interfollicular area. Ki-67-positive cells, cells undergoing active division, were mainly found in the germinal centers and also diminished with advancing years. Patients with frequent episodes of tonsillitis demonstrated a significant increase of IgD-positive cells and IgG-positive cells in interfollicular and subepithelial compartments and a decrease of CD4-positive T-cells in the germinal centers and subepithelial areas. These results suggest that the tonsillar involution with age is immunologically associated in all compartments with the decrease of Ig-positive cells and Ki-67-positive activated cells resulting in a relative increase of T-cell subsets. The method of image analysis provides a novel and unique approach for quantitative immunohistological study of the tonsil.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Study on the dye leakage response of nasal mucosa following topical, capsaicin challenge in guinea pigs.

We examined the serial changes of intravenously applied dye leakage and preliminary examined histamine release into nasal lavage fluid after topical stimulation with capsaicin in guinea pigs. A significant increase in the dye leakage response was detected for 30-40 min, with the maximum response occurring between 5 and 10 min after topical capsaicin stimulation. The dye leakage response to nasal capsaicin challenge was abolished by pretreatment with topical lidocaine, general substance P analogue, topical or general high dosage capsaicin. The dye leakage response to topical capsaicin challenge was significantly reduced following pretreatment with antihistamine, diphenhydramine or atropine sulfate, although it was not affected by pretreatment with an anti-leukotriene, FPL 55712. Topical methacholine challenge did not induce a dye leakage response. An increase in the concentration of histamine in the nasal lavage fluid was noted at 5 min after topical capsaicin challenge. The concentrations of released histamine tended to be positively correlated with those of leaked dye in the nasal lavage fluids. The histamine release induced by topical stimulation with capsaicin tended to be reduced following general and topical pretreatments with high dosage of capsaicin, and was almost completely abolished following atropine pretreatment. From this study it was concluded that nasal capsaicin stimulation can reflexively induce an intravenously applied dye leakage into the nasal cavity, and that C-fiber related cholinergic nerve reflex and histamine release might, at least partially, be related to this response.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1992

[T-cell subsets and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human allergic nasal mucosa].

We performed an immunohistological study of T-cell subsets and intercellular adhesion molecules in allergic and non-allergic nasal mucosa. In allergic mucosa, the number of CD4 positive cells tended to dominate that of CD8 positive cells. CD8 positive cells were detected randomly in all regions of the mucosa, whereas CD4 positive cells tended to be clustered in the superficial portion of the lamina propria. Furthermore, the number of CD4 positive cells correlated with the intensity of ICAM-1 expression, especially in the superficial portion of the lamina propria.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of anti-PAF agents on nasal response after allergen challenge in guinea pigs].

We previously reported that Platelet-activating factor (PAF) activities were detected in nasal lavage fluids from patients with allergic rhinitis and in ovalbumin (OA) sensitized guinea pigs after topical allergen challenge. In guinea pigs, a topical application of PAF produced an increase in nasal vascular permeability which was inhibited by a PAF-antagonist (CV3988). To define the role of PAF in allergic rhinitis, we examined the effects of anti-PAF agents (WEB2086) and anti-allergic agents (Azelastine) on nasal airway resistance (NAR) and nasal symptoms in actively sensitized guinea pigs. Guinea pigs (200-300g) were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OA (10 micrograms/kg) and alum (5mg/kg) three times at two week intervals and repeated inhalation of OA (1mg/min., for 3 minutes) everyday for four weeks. The NAR was measured serially for 6 hours by an apparatus using the oscillation method. NAR change was expressed as a percent ratio to the pre-challenge value. Nasal symptoms were evaluated by counting the number of sneezing discharges and scratching movements for 30 minutes. The anti-PAF agent or Azelastine were administered orally at 2-3 hours before the topical allergen challenge. We noted a biphasic increase in NAR after allergen challenge. The increase in NAR during early phase was not affected but that during late phase was significantly inhibited by the anti-PAF agent and Azelastine. The nasal symptoms were inhibited by WEB2086 and Azelastine. Our results suggest that PAF activities might play an important role in late phase NAR increase following allergen challenge.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1992

The roles of histamine, leukotriene C4 and bradykinin on nasal vascular permeability in experimental nasal allergy of guinea pigs.

The releases of histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and bradykinin into the nasal cavity were measured following nasal antigenic challenge in ovalbumin (OA) sensitized guinea pigs, or following nasal stimulation with one of these chemical mediators in OA-non-sensitized animals. In sensitized animals, increased vascular permeability of nasal mucosa was recognized immediately after antigenic stimulation and lasted for 90 minutes. The release of histamine into the nasal lavage fluid was observed only immediately after the antigenic stimulation. The releases of LTC4 and kinins into the nasal lavage fluid were augmented not only immediately after the antigenic challenge, but also 60 to 90 minutes after the stimulation. Nasal stimulation with one of these chemical mediators also increased nasal vascular permeability, but lasted for less than 40 minutes. These results suggest that the antigen-induced release of these chemical mediators might play some important roles in early increase of nasal vascular permeability, and that the increase of LTC4 and kinin levels might be involved in the prolonged nasal vascular permeability after nasal allergic response.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Genotypic analysis of lethal midline granuloma].

So-called lethal midline granuloma is of great clinical and theoretical interest. The etiology of lethal midline granuloma is unknown and the pathogenesis is variable, with debate as to precise classification and natural history. In this study, we reported genotypic and immunopathological features in 3 cases of lethal midline granuloma. The histopathological diagnosis of their biopsy specimens was initially polymorphic reticulosis/midline malignant reticulosis. Immunohistologic study of the specimens revealed that immature or atypical cells had phenotypes of T-cells, CD2, CD3, CD4 (Case 1), CD4 (Case 2), and CD2, CD3 (Case 3). Those cells were also found to be positive for HLA-DR, which indicated that they were activated T-cells. Immunohistology in T-cells, however, was not able to give a similar clue to clonarity as it was possible within B-cell neoplasms by immunophenotyping the light chains. With the establishment of cDNA probes for the T-cell receptor genes it was possible to analyze neoplasms of lymphocyte origin for lineage and clonality. The Southern blot analysis of 3 cases showed rearrangement of TCR gene, TCR beta and TCR gamma chain (Cases 1 and 2) and TCR beta and TCR delta chain (Case 3), whereas none of them showed rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain. These findings represented conclusive evidence for a monoclonal T-cell proliferation within lethal midline granuloma. On the ground of immunohistological and genotypic studies, lethal midline granuloma histologically diagnosed as polymorphic reticulosis/midline malignant reticulosis are proven to be a T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Implication of surfactant apoprotein in otitis media with effusion.

A two-site simultaneous immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies against human surfactant apoprotein (SAP) was used to measure SAP in middle ear effusions (MEEs). In 130 MEE samples from children with otitis media with effusion, SAP was detected in 54 samples (SAP-positive cases, 41.5%). In the remainder, the SAP concentration was below the sensitivity of the immunoassay (SAP-negative cases, 58.5%). A significant difference in periods of observation was found between the SAP-positive cases (17.3 +/- 16.8 months) and the SAP-negative cases (26.2 +/- 22.5 months) (p less than .01). The percentage of positive cases was highest in the serous MEE group (81.2%) and decreased in the purulent MEE group (57%), the mucoid MEE group (30%), and the hyperviscous MEE group (13.6%), in that order. In the purulent MEE group and the mucoid MEE group, the period of observation was significantly shorter in the SAP-positive cases (18.3 +/- 20.4 months and 20.2 +/- 19.4 months) than in the SAP-negative cases (35.9 +/- 24.5 months and 25.4 +/- 18.7 months) (p less than .05). These results suggest that SAP is present in the middle ear cleft and may be a good prognostic predictor of otitis media with effusion in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiological analysis of otitis media with effusion in children].

A study was conducted on 153 children with otitis media with effusion to assess risk factors for otitis media with effusion. Information was collected by questionnaire survey, clinical examination and audiological tests including tympanography. We investigated two groups of children with otitis media with effusion. Group 1 consisted of 70 children with otitis media with effusion who had not undergone myringotomy. Group 2 consisted of 83 children with otitis media with effusion who had undergone myringotomy. Bottle feeding and adenoidal hypertrophy occurred more frequently in Group 2 than in Group 1. These observations provide an epidemiologic and clinical basis for further investigations of otitis media with effusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Epstein-Barr virus in nasal T-cell lymphomas in patients with lethal midline granuloma.

Five cases of lethal midline granuloma were identified histologically and phenotypically as peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was detected in the nasal tumour biopsy specimens by Southern blotting and in-vitro hybridisation with simultaneous detection of EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) and T-cell surface markers by two-colour immunofluorescence. Further immunofluorescence and northern blotting revealed that EBNA2 gene and also latent membrane protein gene were expressed in the nasal tumour cells. The patients had high titres of antibodies to EBV. These findings suggest that lethal midline granuloma is causally associated with EBV.

Adult↗