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Biomedical subjects

A Kaur

Publications and source records attributed to A Kaur.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to cytomegalovirus in normal and simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques.

Disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent occurrence in human immunodeficiency virus-infected humans and in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques. Rhesus macaques are a suitable animal model with which to study in vivo interactions between CMV and AIDS-associated retroviruses. Since cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play a major role in control of viral infections, we have characterized CMV-specific CTL responses in SIV-infected and uninfected rhesus macaques. Autologous fibroblasts infected with rhesus CMV were used to stimulate freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CMV-seropositive animals. Following in vitro stimulation, specific CTL activity against CMV-infected autologous fibroblasts was detected in CMV-seropositive but not in CMV-seronegative normal macaques. CMV-specific CTL activity comparable to that in normal animals was also detected in two CMV-seropositive macaques infected with a live attenuated SIV strain (SIVdelta3) and in two of three macaques infected with pathogenic SIV strains. The CMV-specific CTL response was class I major histocompatibility complex restricted and mediated by CD8+ cells. An early CMV protein(s) was the dominant target recognized by bulk CTL, although the pattern of CTL recognition of CMV proteins varied among animals. Analysis of CMV-specific CTL responses in macaques should serve as a valuable model for CMV immunopathogenesis and will facilitate prospective in vivo studies of immune interactions between CMV and SIV in AIDS.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Minor injuries in ninth class school children of Chandigarh and rural Haryana.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of minor injuries and to study the wound care practices of school children. DESIGN: A fortnightly follow up of urban (n = 112) and rural (n = 110) high school children was done in Chandigarh and rural Haryana between 1990-1992. Initial point prevalence survey was followed by fortnightly follow up survey involving interview for assessing incidence and wound care practices among students. SETTING: Government high schools of Chandigarh and rural Ambala in between 1990 to 1992. SUBJECTS: Ninth class school children from urban (n = 112) and rural (n = 110) areas. RESULTS: Average episodes of minor injuries per year were 2.9 in rural and 2.1 in urban area, point prevalence was higher in urban area. First-aid training of teachers or the students was lacking in both the areas. Many of the injuries (41-46%) occurred during the school time. Fingers/hand or feet were affected most. Main sources of injuries were farm implements, thorn, blade and stick in rural area and finger nails, kitchen appliances and furniture in urban area. Rural students were more tolerant to minor injuries. Lesser number of rural students had taken tetanus toxoid. Wound washing with water as the first action was reported by 20-22% students in both the areas. Application of urine or chewed grass was reported by rural students only, whereas use of ointment, tablet, bandage, injection as the first action was observed in urban students only. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of minor injuries was higher in rural area as compared to urban area. Training of students on elementary hygienic wound care is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Community based estimation of perinatal mortality through record linkage.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate perinatal mortality through record linkage of Health Workers (HW) and Anganwadi Workers (AWW) in rural Haryana. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of records (1991-92) of HW and AWW. Enquiry and home visits were made for tracing the fate of pregnancy in cases with incomplete records. SETTING: In 1993-95 in 45 villages selected purposively in Raipur Rani block, Ambala. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Enlisting of perinatal deaths as the main outcome measure through scrutiny of records of HW and AWW. RESULTS: Perinatal mortality rate (PMR) was 42.25 and 45.78 per thousand births as per the record of HW and AWW, respectively for the 23 villages for whom records of both were available. Support by enquiry or home visit yielded a PMR of 59.42 for combined HW and AWW sources and 51.66 per 1000 births for AWW source alone. Concordance between AWW and HW records for fate of pregnancy was moderate (K = 0.46; 95% CI 0.35-0.57). CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of a system of record linkage between and within the records of HW and AWW at primary health care level. AWW data was more accurate and up-to-date as compared to HW. Reasonably accurate estimates of perinatal mortality rate can be made through record linkage.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Body water distribution in newborn infants appropriate for gestational age.

Total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) were measured within 6 h of birth in 99 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. The two groups of infants included were term (mean +/- SD gestation 272 +/- 7 days) and preterm (mean +/- SD gestation 238 +/- 11 days) infants. The mean TBW +/- SD was 777 +/- 26 ml/kg in preterm infants and 737 +/- 26 ml/kg in term infants. The corresponding ECW was 349 +/- 26 ml/kg and 331 +/- 30 ml/kg respectively. Weight was the best correlate of TBW (r = 0.98) and ECW (r = 0.92) volumes. TBW per unit of body weight showed significant decline with increasing gestation (r = -0.54) and birth weight (r = -0.51). ICW per kg showed a moderate correlation with TBW (r = 0.63), whereas ECW per kg had a low correlation (r = 0.35) with it. TBW/kg in our infants was comparable to infants from other ethnic groups. ICW/kg, however, was consistently higher and ECW/kg lower at all stages of maturation in Indian infants as compared to Caucacian and Negroid infants.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1995

Composition of postnatal weight loss & subsequent weight gain in preterm infants.

To investigate the changes in body composition corresponding to postnatal weight loss and regaining of birth weight, total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were measured at birth, on the day of maximum weight loss and on regaining of birth weight in 23 preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants (mean +/- SD birth weight 1902 +/- 242 g, gestational age 236 +/- 7 days). Intracellular water (ICW) was determined by the difference between TBW and ECW and body solids by the difference between TBW and body weight. Almost 90 per cent of early postnatal weight loss of 132 +/- 38 g (6.9% of birth weight) was because of loss of body water (117 +/- 30 ml; 7.9% of TBW at birth). ECW loss (mean +/- SD 106 +/- 35 ml) accounted for 90 per cent of the TBW loss. Of the subsequent weight gain (134 +/- 40 g) till regaining of birth weight, 48 per cent (64 +/- 28 ml) was TBW and 52 per cent (70 +/- 13 g) body solids. The major gain in body water was in ICW (47 +/- 21 ml). A gradual decrease in TBW and ECW, and a gain in ICW and body solids per kg body weight was observed throughout the study period. These findings favour the concept that in preterm (31-36 wk) infants (i) postnatal weight loss is primarily a reflection of ECW loss and subsequent weight gain is because of cellular growth, (ii) postnatal loss of ECW continues even when weight gain and accumulation of body solids has started.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

Reproductive health behaviour of rural women.

The extent and nature of reproductive health problems, and the actions taken for prevention/management of these problems were studied in rural area of district Ambala, Haryana. Maternal mortality rate was found to be 230/100,000 live births. Only 31% had died in hospitals; 64% cases were not referred. Main reason for non referral was ignorance about the nature of the complication in 54%. In another study done in 4 villages, 61.2% (367/600) married women of 15-44 years reported to be suffering from symptoms suggestive of gynecological disorders. Out of the 228 who had delivered in past 2 years, 103 (45.2%) reported to have suffered from illnesses in the maternity period, 19.3% had a major maternity complication. Government doctors were consulted in 29.2%, private doctors in 43.1%, health auxiliaries in 16% and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in 11.8% of the episodes. Average cost of treatment was Rs 211 per episode. For management of maternity related complication, 65.8% could identify a proper hospital. For conducting the delivery, 10% preferred doctors, 60.2% nurse-midwife, and 29.3% TBAs. Although 93.8% of the respondents knew about the places where pregnancy can be terminated, but only 13.8% knew that doctors conduct abortion. In view of the lack of proper understanding about the reproductive health problems, health education campaign should be launched so that maternity care facilities being upgraded in the country are utilised. Programmes for prevention and treatment of gynecological morbidity should also be initiated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Clinical profile of AIDS in India: a review of 61 cases.

Among 61 patients with AIDS seen in our hospital from February 1986 to June 1992, 38 (62%) had significant weight loss, 34 (56%) had fever of more than a month and 19 (31%) had chronic diarrhoea; 43 (70%) patients had at least one of the above symptoms. Tuberculosis diagnosed in 32 (52%) patients was the commonest secondary infection: 10 had only pulmonary, 15 had pulmonary and extrapulmonary and 7 only extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Secondary infections commonly found in the general population, predominantly with pathogenic bacteria were found in 27 (44%) patients, 45 (74%) patients had opportunistic infections such as oropharyngeal candidiasis 25 (41%) cryptococcal meningitis 4 (7%), recurrent zoster 1 (1.6%). Two (3.3%) patients had interstitial pneumonitis of unknown aetiology. One (1.6%) patient each had oral hairy leukoplakia or immunoblastic lymphoma. Kaposi's sarcoma was not seen in any patient. At the time of writing this, 33 (54%) patients have died; the mean duration from diagnosis of AIDS to death was 4.5 months.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Visual status in suprasellar pituitary tumours.

A retrospective analysis of 29 cases of pituitary tumours with suprasellar extension that had undergone surgery by transsphenoidal or transcranial route, was done. The correlation between age, duration of symptoms, pre- and post-operative visual acuity, visual field and suprasellar height of the tumour were analyzed. The age and duration of visual loss were found to have a bearing on the final postoperative visual outcome.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Primary intraosseous orbital hemangioma: a case report and review of the literature.

Primary intraosseous orbital hemangiomas are rare tumors. Only 25 cases have been reported in the literature. Very few of them have multiple orbital bone involvement. We report a case with extensive involvement of the orbital roof, the medial and lateral walls of the orbit, and the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid, and describe a unilateral extradural frontotemporal approach to excise the tumor and decompress the right superior orbital fissure and both optic nerves. A brief clinical and radiological review of the literature is presented.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1994

Blood requirement and utilization in spinal surgery (blood in spinal surgery).

The blood requisition practice for the most commonly performed spinal prolapsed disc surgery was assessed in a prospective manner for 18 months, in total 108 patients. It was observed that nearly 78% operations did not require any transfusion. Transfusion index (TI) was .4, showing a tendency of over ordering of blood for these procedures. The cross match: transfusion (C/T) ratio was very high 4.3. It is obvious that these procedures hardly require blood transfusion. Thus by introducing an ABO-Rh typing screening and immediate spin cross match scheme, can drastically reduce the patients agony, laboratory work load and patients treatment cost.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1993

Thyroid tumors: cytomorphology of Hürthle cell tumors, including an uncommon papillary variant.

Of 2,012 fine-needle aspirations (FNA) performed by us between 1984 and 1988, we present a detailed cytomorphologic analysis of 95 cases that were diagnosed as neoplastic on histology and/or cytology and those that received an equivocal cytodiagnosis. Discussed are eight tumors, which include three classic and five variant forms of Hürthle cell carcinoma. The latter showed a papillary tumor populated wholly by Hürthle cells, which we have morphologically designated as papillary Hürthle cell carcinoma. All three Hürthle cell carcinomas (PHC) were diagnosed on FNA as papillary Hürthle cell neoplasms (PHN). One was a false negative cytodiagnosis.

Adenoma↗