Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Kemona.
Widespread fatal massive bone marrow embolism of the coronary and the pulmonary arteries are described in a 71-year-old man with a respiratory disease. Cardiac massage was carried out during the cardiac arrest. In autopsy findings there were no fractures of the ribs or the sternum. The authors suggested that the cardiac massage was the most important predisposing factor for the bone marrow embolism.
A rare case of acute myelosclerosis has been described in a 20-year-old man. Based upon literature data and our own studies a clinical and morphological analysis of the case was presented. The pathogenesis of the disease was also discussed.
The authors retrospectively analysed 901 autopsy protocols of children up to 1 year in years 1986-1990. Congenital malformations were presented in 364 cases (40.4%). The most frequent anomalies were: multiple anomalies-32.7%, the cardiovascular malformations -32.1% and malformations of nervous system-22.2%. 235 (64.8%) cases of congenital malformations were presented in neonates. There was no significant difference in incidence of congenital malformations between girls and boys. The frequency of congenital anomalies in autopsy material increased from 27.5% (1976-1985) to 40.4% (1986-1990).
The morphological and biochemical changes of the liver after endotoxin intake were analyzed in rats receiving 20% ethanol during 60 days. Besides morphological changes, concentration of serotonin and histamine in liver homogenates, the activity of asparagine and alanine aminotransferases (AspAT, ALAT), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in blood serum were determined, too. The most extensive morphologic changes of the liver were seen in group of animals intoxicated with 20% ethanol during 60 days and single dose of endotoxin E. coli 0127:B8 intraperitoneally. These changes included necrosis most hepatocytes, focal steatosis of liver parenchyma, considerable hyperemia and parenchymatous degeneration of the liver cells. The cells lining liver sinuses showed considerable swelling as well as necrotic changes. Figures of cell division and haemorrhagic focuses were seen, too. The clusters of mononuclear cells, surrounding necrotically changed hepatocytes were seen in the central part of the liver lobule. Among the inflammatory mediators estimated in liver homogenate only serotonin reached a high level in the group of experimental animals receiving only endotoxin. Increased activity of aminotransferases AspAt and ALAT were associated with these morphologic and biochemical changes in liver tissue observed in animals receiving ethanol and endotoxin.
A case of oesophageal pemphigus was observed in a man aged 76. Attention is called to the rarity of this disease and resulting diagnostic difficulties.
The authors carried out the morphological and clinical analysis of 200 cases patients suffering from carcinoma but not treated (104 cases of carcinoma of the bronchus, 30 cases of the stomach, 26 cases of the pancreas, 24 cases of the liver and gallbladder and 16 cases of the large intestine) and have estimated the hematological and bone marrow abnormalities. Most frequently occurring hematological changes in this group were: anaemia (28.5%), thrombocytopenia (22.4%), clinical symptoms of thrombosis (22.0%) and changes of bone marrow: sclerosis (42.5%), neoplastic metastases (30.0%), and atrophy (27.5%). In the examined cases the authors have not found any particular connection between the kind of hematological abnormalities and the kind of morphological changes of the bone marrow. The most common changes in the bone marrow which accompanied hematological abnormalities were neoplastic metastases and atrophy of the marrow especially in cases with anaemia and thrombocytopenia.
Morphologic changes of the duodenal mucous membrane were studied in 50 patients (20 with post-alcoholic liver cirrhosis and 30 non-alcoholic with postinflammatory liver cirrhosis). The macroscopic condition of the duodenal mucous membrane was evaluated during endoscopic examination; evaluation of the histopathologic changes in the biopsy specimens of the duodenal mucous membrane was carried out according to the criteria of Whitehead et al. (Digestion, 13 (1975) 129). Endoscopic examinations showed changes of chronic inflammatory process of the duodenal mucous membrane in 60% of the patients in both groups. The microscopic studies did not show essential differences in the intensity of histopathological changes of the duodenal mucous membrane between both groups, i.e, alcohol is not a decisive factor evoking or intensifying pathological changes of the duodenum.
The authors made a quantitative analysis of the active hematopoietic tissue of the bone marrow with particular consideration of its atrophy in the course of various diseases. The material consisted of 407 non-selected autopsy cases. For a morphometric analysis the bone marrow was sampled from the sternum, ala ossis illi and spine. In the quantitative analysis of the active hematopoietic tissue we took into account age groups as quantitative changes appear with age. Atrophy of the bone marrow was in 19.4% of the studied cases. The presence of bone marrow atrophy was found in the course of various diseases, most frequently neoplastic, particularly in patients aged from 50 to 59 years.
The incidence and histopathologic picture of gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow were analysed in non-selected autopsy material. It was found that gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow occurred in terminal stages of various diseases (malignant neoplasms, chronic inflammation). Histological studies showed that gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow led to atrophy of the hematopoietic and adipose tissues of the bone marrow and accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides. The patients with gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow exhibit hematologic disorders, most frequently anemia and thrombocytopenia.
The authors carried out investigations for elucidating the distribution in the internal organs and tissues and the rate of the absorption from the digestive tract and elimination from the organism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid widely used in herbicides, to which man and animals are exposed. Radiometric investigations were carried out of the internal organs and tissues of male Wistar rats which were given one dose of the acid labelled with 14C one-third of LD-50/kg through an intragastric tube. The rats were killed at various time intervals for observing the rate of absorption and elimination of this compound. The measurements of radioactivity demonstrated high levels of the herbicide in the lungs, heart, liver, spleen and kidneys, and low levels in the adipose tissue and brain, with intermediate values in the adrenals and testicles. The compound is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract reaching its highest level in the tissues after 6-20 hours, and is eliminated nearly completely already on the second day. Small residues of the acid and its metabolites containing 14C were present in the tissues up to the 20th day of the experiment.
A case is reported of left atrial myxoma with clinical manifestations suggestive of mitral stenosis. The morphogenesis of the tumour is analysed on the basis of histological examination.
Congenital biliary tract atresia was found in 0.58% of children dying in the first year of life. Most frequently atresia included the extrahepatic bile ducts, among them the common bile duct. Five cases (35.7%) had atresia associated with other developmental anomalies, which may suggest a genetic determination of the atresia. The most frequent cause of death of the newborns and infants with congenital biliary tract atresia was bronchopneumonia with associated biliary cirrhosis of the liver.
A rare coexistence is reported of a benign pancreatic tumour--cystadenoma--with anal adenocarcinoma. A particular attention is called to the histological structure of the tumour and differential diagnosis. Photographic documentation is enclosed.
The authors analysed bone marrow metastases in lung cancer in 104 deceased patients. Trepano-biopsy was taken from the sternum, hip bone and spine. Bone marrow metastases were found in 33 cases (31.73%). Most often they were seen in small cell lung cancer (16 cases--35.56%). In 12 cases the bone marrow was the only site of lung cancer metastases.
The authors present two cases of rare primary lung neoplasms smooth cell sarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Diagnostical dilemmas are discussed.
The authors analyzed the incidence of pathologic lesions of the bone marrow in the form of sclerosis and fibrosis in patients with lung and gastrointestinal tract (gastric, pancreatic, hepatic and bile duct) carcinomas. In the analysis of argentaffin and collagen fibres in the bone marrow we used Kundel's score modified by Bauermeister. The results obtained in the studied group were compared with the bone marrow of persons without neoplastic diseases and other disorders that might have affected the bone marrow. It was found that in patients with neoplastic disease and fibrosis of the bone marrow were quite frequent disturbances.
We analyzed the incidence of bone marrow emboli of the pulmonary arteries in nonselected autopsy material involving 620 cases. We evaluated the incidence of these emboli, age, sex, underlying disease and microscopic picture. It was found that bone marrow emboli of the pulmonary arteries occurred in 7% of cases, most frequently in patients aged from 50 to 69 years and they were located in the medium and small-lumen arteries. It was found that bone marrow emboli of the pulmonary arteries may complicate posttraumatic bone fractures, costal and sternal fractures in the course of reanimation as well as malignant neoplasms and shock.
The authors analyse the incidence of metastases into the bone marrow in carcinomas of the stomach, pancreas, liver and gallbladder. Specimens from the bone marrow taken were by trephine biopsy from the sternum, ala ossis ilii and spine. Metastases into the bone marrow were found in carcinomas of the stomach, pancreas and gallbladder but not in hepatic carcinoma. Neoplastic metastases were most frequent in adenocarcinoma of the stomach.