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Biomedical subjects

A Kemper

Publications and source records attributed to A Kemper.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Overestimation of infarct size by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography: the role of tethering and of analytic procedures.

Analyses of regional left ventricular systolic wall motion or thickening overestimate infarct size. We used quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of systolic thickening and contrast two-dimensional echocardiography to evaluate causes for that overestimation. The following possibilities were considered: "tethering," defined as dysfunction of contrast-enhancing myocardium adjacent to ischemic or contrast-negative regions, and the role of standard center of mass analysis algorithms, which may overestimate wall motion abnormalities because of the axis shift produced by simultaneous systolic expansion of the ischemic segment and systolic contraction of the nonischemic segment. In the short-axis view in 12 animals, the echo contrast defect (ECD) occupied 32 +/- 7% of the left ventricular circumference. Extent of dysfunction by the center of mass analysis was 39 +/- 5% of the left ventricular circumference and correlation with ECD size was .68 (SEE = 5.2%). Thus 8 +/- 6% of the circumference of the left ventricle was assessed to be dysfunctional yet enhanced with contrast. Tethering accounted for only half of this (4 +/- 4% of left ventricular circumference) and involved less than 1 cm on either side of the ECD. The remaining overestimation by the center of mass analysis correlated significantly (r = .89, p less than .01) with the amount of systolic expansion of the ECD. This expansion of the ECD (increase in angle subtended by the ECD of 11 +/- 8%) was produced by the systolic shift in the center of mass toward the dysfunctional segment from contraction of the opposite, nonischemic segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Detection of circulating immune complexes in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.

Sera from 32 patients with atopic dermatitis and 22 patients with psoriasis were examined for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in comparison to 51 healthy controls using a PEG-precipitation laser nephelometer technique. Different patterns of the precipitated proteins were found in both diseases. In atopic dermatitis C3 and IgG were significantly elevated in CIC. Furthermore, significantly increased amounts of IgE were found in the precipitates. Groups with high and low serum IgE levels showed no significant differences in the quantity of precipitated proteins. Skin involvement did not correlate with CIC. In psoriasis patients, a different pattern with significantly increased IgA, IgG, IgM and C3 was found in the precipitates. IgE was also significantly increased in comparison to the controls. No difference was found between patients with psoriasis vulgaris and psoriasis guttata. CIC in psoriasis and in atopic dermatitis thus showed a characteristic composition. However, a detection of CIC was not directly related to the cutaneous manifestation of the disease.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1984

Brachial artery catheterization employing a side arm sheath.

A major complication of left heart catheterization via the brachial artery is occlusion at the cutdown site. This is particularly a problem when patients with severe atherosclerosis are catheterized in laboratories where the brachial approach is not routinely used. A method of brachial artery catheterization is described which employs a continuously flushed side arm sheath in order to minimize local trauma to the artery from catheter exchange and manipulation. In 15 consecutive atherosclerotic patients catheterized by this method there were no complications, and all arteriotomies were closed easily with immediate restoration of a good radial pulse. This contrasts with the preceding 33 consecutive brachial catheterizations employing standard technique in similar patients in whom four patients required surgical repair, and an additional six patients required more than one closure attempt and/or catheter thrombectomy to restore a good pulse. In our laboratory the brachial sheath technique has facilitated arterial repair and reduced local complications.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1983

Circulating immune complexes in malignant diseases increased detection rate by simultaneous use of three assay methods.

By using three different assay methods, circulating immune complexes have been detected in 85% of sera from patients with malignant melanoma, and in 77% of sera from patients with breast cancer. These methods were a C1q-binding assay, a double-antibody conglutinin-binding ELISA, and a polyethylene glycol 6000 precipitation technique followed by quantitative determination of immunoglobulins in the redissolved precipitate. Detection rates of circulating immune complexes using any one of these methods separately ranged from 33% to 56%, indicating the presence of different types of circulating immune complexes in cancer patients' sera. The combined use of the three methods mentioned resulted in an increased diagnostic sensitivity and a doubling of the predictive value. However, tests for circulating immune complexes cannot be considered as useful parameters for early diagnosis of cancer, since the comparatively low incidence of malignancies in the population at large, together with the presence of circulating immune complexes in other, nonmalignant, diseases of considerable prevalence, appears to preclude effective application of any nonspecific method for early diagnosis of cancer in general.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1983

Circulating immune complexes in ankylosing spondylitis.

Circulating immune complexes were determined in the sera of patients with ankylosing spondylitis using a polyethylene glycol precipitation laser nephelometer technique. Positive results were obtained in 52% of sera from patients with active disease, but only in 20% from those in inactive stages. The immunoglobulin/complement protein ratio differed from that seen in rheumatoid arthritis and in systemic lupus erythematosus, due to the relatively larger amounts of C3 and C4 present in the immune complexes. These findings indicate that circulating immune complexes in ankylosing spondylitis may not be of pathogenetic significance because of their degree of solubilization.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1982

[Current status of knowledge on the changes in the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal cortex system and their effects in chronic alcohol use and withdrawal].

The results of investigations into the changes in the function of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-renal gland system in chronic alcoholics are collated. The review shows that the activity of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-renal gland system is below-normal in at least some alcoholics, but due to conflicting results, it is not possible to decide whether the hypofunction of the adrenal gland is a primary of a secondary effect. The interrelationship between glucocorticosteroids and catecholamines is described and its importance for the adaptability of the organism is stressed. On the basis of the review it may seem advisable to introduce corticosteroid treatment into the therapeutic schema for delerious alcoholic patients and also to apply it on patients with the alcohol withdrawal syndrome if tests show that the function of their hypothalamus-hypophysis-renal gland systems is impaired.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1978

[Glucocorticosteroid, catecholamine and protein-bound iodine (PBI) plasma levels in swine following electrocutaneous stimulation].

Application of electrocutaneous stimuli for short-time excitation of swine, accompanied by high locomotor activity, led in animals weighing between 30 kg and 45 kg to steep rises of catecholamine and glucocorticosteroid plasma concentrations, while little change was recordable from protein-linked iodine. Increase in plasma glucose and RQ in animals with higher rises in plasma-borne catecholamines and glucocorticoids was higher than that in animals with lower catecholamine deflection. Both the results reported in this paper and findings obtained from other studies into swine are likely to suggest major involvement of the sympathico-adrenomedullary system in the buildup of transport stress. Interdependence was found to exist between the intensity of the adrenergic reaction, on the one hand, and rises in plasma glucose and RQ as well as drop of pH, on the other. Those findings from various tests seem to support the conclusion that under conditions of severe excitation and high locomotor activity the differentiated resistance of swine to stress is atributable to different intensities of sympathico-adrenergic reaction of the animal concerned.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1976

[Plasma concentration curves of catecholamines and corticosteroids as well as PBI in swine kept under various conditions and acutely exposed to cold].

The response to acute cold (-5 degrees C) of swine kept single was found to differ from that of animals kept in groups. Such difference in reaction was reflected in significant variation of plasma concentration curves in catechol amines and 11-OHKS during and after acute exposure to cold. The response to cold stimulation of animals kept single was primarily and pronouncedly via the sympathicoadrenal system, whereas animals kept in groups responded to acute cold exposure, with the hypothalamic-adrenocortico-pituitary system playing the major role. Significant rise in PBJ in response to 30 and 90 minutes of exposure to cold was recorded only from animals kept single and interpreted as an expression of strong adrenergic reaction of such probands. Such difference in response to one and the same acute stimulus supported the conclusion that there was a difference in adaptation capacity between animals in those two keeping conditions. The results also suggested that type and degree of organic response to a specific stimulus were likely to depend not only on the intensity of the given stimulus, but also on the control potential produced by all closely interconnected control circuits at the time of stimulation.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of long-lasting noise on the plasma concentration of catecholamines, glucocorticosteroids and PBI in pigs].

Exposure of pigs with a body mass of 25-30 kg to long-lasting motor noise (108 dB, 60-8000 Hz, 72 hours) results in a considerable increase of catecholamine concentration in the plasma. Coincidently there is a sharp continuous decrease of the 11-OHKS in the plasma during the whole period of exposure to noise. Immediately after stopping the acoustic irritation the concentration of plasma corticosteroids increases again. The electroencephalogram (EEG) giving evidence of inhibition signs during exposure to noise an adaptation effect of the information processing system is concluded. The increase of the PBJ during the period of acoustic stress points to an increased function of the thyroid gland but simultaneously it is considered to be an expression of the elevated adrenergic situation. By reason of the strong deviation of the three observed regulatory systems must be concluded that longer-lasting exposure to noise with the applied quality and intensity represents a stress situation for pigs having noise character as established for men. A possible influence on the productivity of the pork type pig by permanent acoustic stress is indicated.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1976

[The course of plasma concentrations of cathecholamines and corticosteroids and of plasma--bound iodine (PBJ) in swine under the effect of noise and of various methods of raising].

Plasma concentrations of 11-OHKS were transitorily increased with significance in pigs, 25 kg to 45 kg in live weight, exposed to short-time engine noise (120 dB, 60 to 8,000 Hz, 60 minutes). Intensity of noise application and duration did not cause significant variation of plasma concentrations in catecholamines nor in P.B.J. The catecholamines were on a rising trend. Those results supported the conclusion that both quality and quantity of applied noise are perceived by store pigs as factors of disturbance. Their noise nature is comparable to that perceived by man and laboratory animals. Decline in 11-OHKS after 55 minutes of exposure to noise was recorded also by other authors who had exposed other species to long-time noise. It seems to reflect adaptation mechanisms in the information-processing system. The reactivity to noise of the adrenal cortext of swine was found to depend on the form of keeping. Animals kept in groups responded to noise in the same way in which they would respond to acute cold, by significantly increasing rise of plasma concentrations of 11-OHKS. The above results were taken to support the conclusion that organic response to a specific stimulus depended on the level of each control circuit at the time of stimulation.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

[Hormone concentrations in the plasma of pigs kept under various husbandry methods].

A comparison of pigs weighing 30-50 kg reared either in groups or in individual cages showed that the management system affected the concentrations of catecholamines, 11-hydroxy corticosteroids and protein-bound iodine. Pigs kept in individual cages showed high concentrations of catecholamines and iodine, and low concentrations of corticosteroids. Pigs kept in groups showed high corticosteroids and low catecholamines and protein-bound iodine. The values for hormone concentrations in caged pigs were similar to those reported for the Poland China breed, which are not very resistant to stress produced by temperature and restraint.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of salsolinol excretion in alcoholics and nonalcoholic controls.

Salsolinol was measured in urine of alcoholics after one through four and after 21 days of withdrawal, in nonalcoholic controls with and without ingestion of alcohol and in young children. HPLC equipped with fluorescence detection was employed. There were no significant differences in salsolinol excretion rate between alcoholics and controls one day after alcohol deprivation. A significant difference in salsolinol output in urine of alcoholics between the first and the twenty-first day of withdrawal was found, but salsolinol output expressed as creatinine-related output did not change. There was no trend of urinary salsolinol excretion rate by alcoholics during the first 4 days of abstinence. The results indicate that the urinary salsolinol excretion rate and the creatinine-related salsolinol output are insufficient to distinguish between alcoholics and nonalcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topographic correspondence of contrast echocardiographic perfusion mapping and myocardial infarct extent after varying durations of coronary occlusion.

After acute coronary occlusion, the extent of dysfunction exceeds the extent of infarction by a variable amount. Contrast echocardiography has been shown to be a good predictor of the extent of acute infarction after permanent occlusion. We used hydrogen peroxide contrast echocardiography to study the temporal and topographic relationship between contrast enhancement and tissue viability during acute myocardial infarction in 32 dogs undergoing 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours of circumflex occlusion before reperfusion. To account for changes in collateral blood flow, contrast studies were performed by aortic root injection immediately before reperfusion. The area, circumference, and transmural extent of the region at risk in vivo by contrast echocardiography were statistically unchanged regardless of the duration of occlusion before reperfusion. Echo contrast defect analysis of the risk region predicted the area, circumference, and transmural extent of infarcts reperfused at 2 or more hours (r = 0.81, 0.84, 0.71, respectively). For the 1-hour occlusion group, contrast defect analysis predicted the circumference at risk but markedly overestimated the area and transmural extent of infarction. These data indicate that the circumferential extent of infarction can be identified by contrast echo and is fixed by 1 hour of occlusion. Infarction progression transmurally within the circumferential boundaries had nearly reached the transmural contrast extent by 2 hours of occlusion in this model. Assuming the development of a similar high contrast agent safe for human injection, aortic root contrast echocardiography could be useful to predict myocardium at risk of infarction early after occlusion. Late after occlusion it could be of value to predict the presence of still viable myocardial layers within the dysfunctional infarct region.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Profile of organic acid concentrations in the digestive gland and hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata under estivation.

Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis it was possible to determine simultaneously the concentration of organic acids (pyruvate, lactate, succinate, fumarate, malate, acetate, propionate, acetoacetate, and ss-hydroxybutyrate) in the digestive gland and the extracellular concentration of these same acids in the hemolymph of estivating Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. After a 7 day period of estivation, there was a significant increase in the tissue levels of lactate, succinate, malate and acetate compared to non-estivating snails. After 14 days of estivation, the levels of lactate and acetate were also significantly elevated. The hemolymph concentrations of pyruvate and acetate increased significantly after 7 days and acetate concentrations continued to be significantly increased up to 14 days of estivation. The other organic acids studied, such as ketone body acetoacetate and ss-hydroxybutyrate or the volatile acid propionate, did not accumulate. Their tissue concentrations, however, increased on the 7th day of estivation and reached normal levels within two weeks of estivation for some of them. One should take into consideration how the reduction in metabolism can be handled under aerobic conditions, and what role anaerobic pathways may play in both energy formation and redox balance processes.

Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Demonstration and differentiation of circulating immune complexes in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases using a semiautomated PEG-precipitation laser nephelometer test].

Circulating immune complexes were determined in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus using a semiautomated PEG-precipitation laser-nephelometer technique. Immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM as well as complement proteins C3c and C4 were quantitatively determined in 2.75% PEG-precipitates. The PEG-precipitates obtained from the sera of healthy controls, SLE patients, and RA subjects displayed different protein patterns. In RA sera a significant elevation of all investigated proteins was found. In SLE sera, a significant increase of IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 was found, whereas C4 was significantly reduced as compared to the controls. Typical values for a calculated IgG/C4 ratio in circulating immune complexes were obtained for RA and SLE. In RA this ratio remained unchanged in different activity stages and was found in seropositive as well as in seronegative sera. Thus circulating immune complexes from SLE and RA sera differ with respect to the degree of complement-dependent solubilization.

Adult↗