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Biomedical subjects

A Kerr

Publications and source records attributed to A Kerr.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Two cases of ring chromosome 11.

Two cases of ring chromosome 11 are reported. Both had mental retardation, microcephaly, and short stature. High resolution G banding in case 1 showed no visible loss of chromatin, the karyotype being assessed as 46,XX,r(11) (p15 X 4q2 X 5). In case 2, a Wilm's tumour developed at 8 months and the child died at 18 months. Cytogenetic analysis by Q banding demonstrated minimal chromosome deletion and the karyotype was considered to be 46,XY,r(11) (p15q25).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Ultrasonic imaging of the coronary arteries in open-chest humans: evaluation of coronary atherosclerotic lesions during cardiac surgery.

We explored techniques that would allow the surgeon to localize coronary artery lesions demonstrated angiographically or to supplement angiographic information in patients who are undergoing coronary artery bypass procedures by intraoperative scanning of the coronary arteries using ultrasound. A 9-MHz electronically focused water-path ultrasound scanner was first used to image the coronary arteries in three anesthetized, open-chest sheep. In a subsequent study, 10 human subjects undergoing cardiac surgery for valve replacement who had normal coronary angiograms were scanned during heart surgery to provide images of normal coronary arteries. The ultrasound probe was sterilized with gas and placed directly on the beating heart by the surgeon. In the third phase of this study, 21 patients with coronary artery disease were scanned and the ultrasonic appearance of their imaged coronary lesions was compared to independently interpreted angiographic estimates of percent obstruction, with close correlation (r = 0.91). The ultrasound scan could be used to identify lesions in vessels beyond proximal occlusions, which are not visualized well angiographically, and could localize the site of lesions to determine placement of saphenous vein bypass grafts. This new technique may provide a method for evaluating coronary atherosclerotic lesions during coronary artery surgery and aid decisions regarding placement of saphenous vein grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Substituents at N6 and C-5' control selective uptake and toxicity of the adenine-nucleotide bacteriocin, agrocin 84, in Agrobacteria.

The inhibition of a sensitive strain of Agrobacterium radiobacter by the nucleotide bacteriocin agrocin 84 has been studied. A structure-function study of the agrocin 84 molecule was undertaken. Two agrocin 84 nucleotide fragments lacking either the N6 or 5'-phosphoramidate substituents were used in uptake studies of [32P2]agrocin 84. It was established that the plasmid-controlled, strain-specific uptake of agrocin 84 is determined by the N6-D-glucofuranosyloxyphosphoramidate substituent. This conclusion is further supported by the markedly reduced uptake of the 32P-labelled fragment lacking the N6 substituent. Equilibrium dialysis studies also indicate that the N6 substituent is 'recognised' by a binding protein involved in the uptake of agrocin 84 into sensitive strains. The nucleotide fragment bearing the N6 substituent is a competitive inhibitor for the uptake of agrocin 84 in vivo with a Ki = 1.0 x 10(-7) M and is itself selectively transported into a sensitive strain at a rate comparable with agrocin 84, but unlike agrocin 84 is non-toxic. By contrast, the fragment bearing the 5'-phosphoramidate is taken up by both sensitive and insensitive strains at a barely measurable rate and is toxic to both.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1979

Biopsies of the Janeway lesion of infective endocarditis.

Janeway lesions in three patients with infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus were biopsied. Two taken before therapy, showed evidence of suppuration and microabscesses. The other lesion which developed while the patient was on appropriate therapy, showed minimal inflammatory reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Reduction of skin bacteria in theatre air with comfortable, non-woven disposable clothing for operating-theatre staff.

Conventional loose-weave cotton operating garments were compared with clothing of a non-woven fabric to test their efficacy in reducing the dispersal of skin bacteria into theatre air. When men wore operating suits made of the non-woven fabric dispersal of skin bacteria was reduced by 72%. When all the operating-theatre staff wore suits and dresses of this fabric air bacterial counts during operating sessions were reduced by 55%; no reduction occurred when the fabric was worn by only the scrubbed team. The lowest levels of microbial contamination of the air in the operating theatre occurred when both the unscrubbed and scrubbed theatre staff wore clothes of non-woven fabric.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1977

Muscle-protein catabolism after injury in man, as measured by urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine.

1. Urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine, an index of the rate of muscle breakdown, has been measured during the first 7 days in patients after elective surgery or accidental injury. 2. There was no major difference between the mean daily excretion after skin grafting or total hip replacement, or in injured patients who were hyperketonaemic for the first 24 h after admission. 3. The group of injured patients who did not develop hyperketonaemia had a mean urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion which was twice that of the other groups. 4. It is concluded that increased breakdown of muscle protein makes a major contribution to the greater urinary nitrogen excretion in the normoketonaemic group of injured patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

DDC-induced retrograde amnesias prevented by injections of dl-DOPS.

Injection of a dopamine beta-hydroxylate inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) in rats 30 min prior to training of a step-down passive avoidance task impaired performance of the task 24 hr later. Similarly, injection of DDC 30 min prior to testing blocked retrieval of a passive avoidance habit trained in normal rats the previous day. Injection of a direct norepinephrine (NE) precursor, dl-thero 3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS) 60 min before DDC prevented both amnesias. These data support the hypothesis that reduced levels of NE are responsible for DDC-induced amnesias.

Amnesia, Retrograde↗
PubMed1976

Branched-chain amino acids, nitrogen excretion and injury in man.

1. Venous blood concentrations of the branched-chain amino acids, valine, leucine and isoleucine, and urinary nitrogen excretion have been measured in sixteen adult males, from 2 h to 7 days after injury, and in four adults after elective skin grafts. 2. In the injured group the concentrations of these amino acids rose significantly 24 h after injury and had doubled at 4 days and remained high; in contrast the skin-graft patients showed no significant change. 3. In those injured patients with initial hyperketonaemia, defined as more than 0-2 mmo1/1, the increase in concentrations of branched-chain amino acids at the fourth and seventh days after injury was significantly less than in those with normoketonaemia, and was accompanied by lower urinary nitrogen excretion throughout the whole period. 4. It is suggested that the changes in the concentration of branched-chain amino acids after injury indicate decreased uptake by muscle or excessive release due to an imbalance between protein synthesis and protein catabolism in this tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Calcified adrenal cysts.

Two case of calcified adrenal cysts are reported. Previously proposed diagnostic criteria for the recognition of a parenchymatous cyst was identified in our first case. Pain has been the main feature in our two cases.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗